Browsing by Author "Rabaan, Ali A."

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A Rapid Surge of the Omicron Variant’s Sublineages BQ.1/BQ.1.1
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-03-07) Dhawan, Manish; Sharma, Manish; Emran, Talha B.; Rabaan, Ali A.
A plethora of novel Omicron subvariants, such as BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2 apart from BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4 and BA.5, have appeared as a result of the ongoing evolution of the most mutated strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)1–3. The prevalence of novel immune-evading coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) variants BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 has rapidly increased in England, with the incidence of cases virtually tripling in the previous week alone. BQ.1 currently accounts for over 10% of all coronavirus cases in the England, while BQ.1.1 accounts for more than 3% for a total of 13.3%, in accordance with the most current statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. Recent data showed that the number of COVID-19 cases had practically doubled at that point, which can be associated with the emergence of BQ.1/BQ.1.1. The increase in BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 instances is broadly consistent with what is happening across the rest of the England, where cases increased above the 15% from 10%. Additionally, the COVID-19 cases in the New York increased from 20 to 28% owing to the BQ.1/BQ.1.1 sublineages of the Omicron variant. Importantly, BQ.1.1, and BQ.1 subvariants have not shown any indications of increased severity, although it is quite early to provide any concrete statements regarding their infectiousness and transmissibility.
Immunomodulatory Effect of Begonia Medicinalis Ethanolic Extract in Drosophila
(Biointerface research, 2023-02-24) Syamsidi, Armini; Rosa, Reski Amalia; Sulastri, Evi; Rahmah, Nur; Kamri, Reski Amelia; Rumata, Nur Rahma; Emran, Talha Bin; Sharma, Rohit; Rabaan, Ali A.; Nainu, Firzan; Zubair, Muhammad Sulaiman
Begonia medicinalis is an Indonesian endemic plant that has been reported to exert multiple pharmacological effects, including antiviral and anticancer activities. These activities have been suggested to be related to the immunomodulatory properties of dried B. medicinalis ethanolic extract (DBME). However, this notion remains unclear. This study was carried out aiming to investigate the immunomodulatory effect of DBME in Drosophila melanogaster model based on the expression of genes in the Toll, Imd, and JAK-STAT pathways. Phenotypical analysis on the survival and locomotor of D. melanogaster was carried out to reveal whether changes in the gene expressions were observable at the phenotypical level. Four groups of D. melanogaster were prepared and treated with DBME (0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 2%). The results demonstrated that DBME could modulate the expression of Drs (Toll pathway), Dpt (Imd pathway), and TotA (JAK-STAT pathway) in D. melanogaster. These molecular changes were accompanied by almost no changes in survival and locomotor activities. In brief, DBME can induce the humoral immune responses of D. melanogaster without significant phenotypical trade-offs.
Progress and Challenges in Antimicrobial Resistance and Bacterial Vaccines
(Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2023-01-06) Rumata, Nur Rahma; Djide, Nana Juniarti Natsir; Frediansyah, Andri; Fitr, Andi Maghfirah Nurul; Asfa, Nurfadhilah; Mu’arif, Ahmad; Chandran, Deepak; Dhama, Kuldeep; Al Mutair, Abbas; Alhumaid, Saad; Rabaan, Ali A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Nainu, Firzan
In recent decades, pathogens have continued to strike humans in the form of newly emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases, opportunistic infectious diseases, and infections caused by drug- resistant microbes. In response, humans have developed modern platform technologies that can produce effective vaccines to prevent pathogens from causing infectious diseases. Vaccines against antimicrobial-resistant organisms could prevent or minimize life-threatening infections, thus lowering healthcare costs. These pharmaceutical products could also reduce antibiotic use, lowering the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence. Furthermore, once a population has received enough vaccines, indirect protection via herd immunity can help to prevent the spread of resistant strains. In this sense, antibiotics would be unnecessary once the burden of pathogen-associated illnesses is reduced. Based on such a notion, bacterial vaccines would be an excellent and applicable solution to fight AMR. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of AMR, the role of bacterial vaccines in preventing AMR, and discuss the potential of bacterial vaccines and their pitfalls in managing infectious diseases.
Recent Trends and Developments in Multifunctional Nanoparticles for Cancer Theranostics
(Scopus, 22-12-07) Rabaan, Ali A.; Bukhamsin, Rehab; Saihati, Hajir Al; Alshamrani, Saleh A.; Sihati, Jehad Al; Al-Afghani, Hani M.; Alsubk, Roua A.; Abuzaid, Abdulmonem A.; Al-Abdulhadi, Saleh; Aldawood, Yahya; Alsaleh, Abdulmonem A.; Alhashem, Yousef N.; Almatouq, Jenan A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Al-Ahmed, Shamsah H.; Nainu, Firzan; Mohapatra, Ranjan K.
Conventional anticancer treatments, such as radiotherapy and chemotherapy, have significantly improved cancer therapy. Nevertheless, the existing traditional anticancer treatments have been reported to cause serious side effects and resistance to cancer and even to severely affect the quality of life of cancer survivors, which indicates the utmost urgency to develop effective and safe anticancer treatments. As the primary focus of cancer nanotheranostics, nanomaterials with unique surface chemistry and shape have been investigated for integrating cancer diagnostics with treatment techniques, including guiding a prompt diagnosis, precise imaging, treatment with an effective dose, and real-time supervision of therapeutic efficacy. Several theranostic nanosystems have been explored for cancer diagnosis and treatment in the past decade. However, metal-based nanotheranostics continue to be the most common types of nonentities. Consequently, the present review covers the physical characteristics of effective metallic, functionalized, and hybrid nanotheranostic systems. The scope of coverage also includes the clinical advantages and limitations of cancer nanotheranostics. In light of these viewpoints, future research directions exploring the robustness and clinical viability of cancer nanotheranostics through various strategies to enhance the biocompatibility of theranostic nanoparticles are summarised.