Browsing by Author "Paul, Subrata"

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A case report on open uncovered surgical method of castration in cat
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2019) Paul, Subrata
A 2 years old male Bengal cat having body weight of 7 kg was brought to S. A. Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH) at Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University(CVASU) for castration. The operation was performed under gaseous anesthesia. Open uncovered method of surgical castration was followed to castrate the cat. After incising scrotal skin and tunica vaginalis the spermatic cords were ligated and both testicles were removed. No skin suture was given. Post-operative management was taken in proper way. This study shows that open uncovered method is a reliable technique for castration in cat.
A case report on open uncovered surgical method of castration in cat
(2020) Paul, Subrata
A 2 years old male Bengal cat having body weight of 7 kg was brought to S. A. Quadery Teaching Veterinary Hospital (SAQTVH) at Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University(CVASU) for castration. The operation was performed under gaseous anesthesia. Open uncovered method of surgical castration was followed to castrate the cat. After incising scrotal skin and tunica vaginalis the spermatic cords were ligated and both testicles were removed. No skin suture was given. Post-operative management was taken in proper way. This study shows that open uncovered method is a reliable technique for castration in cat.
Approaches to restore water quality of Buriganga river
(Department of Civil Engineering, BUET (CE), 2008-10-15) Paul, Subrata; Hossain, Dr. Md. Delwar
Over the last few decades environment and its pollution is the governing concern for the human being in this planet. People become conscious about the changing of their surrounding. Global warming, Acid rain are now very familiar to us. Still lot of work to be done for mass people awareness, which is very crucial for the eountry Iike ours. People here arc so uneducated thnt few of them nrc conscious nbollt the environment and its changing. But environment is degraded by day by day the weight of over crowed people. One of such example is the Buriganga River. I3uriganga River which encompasses south-western periphery of Dhaka city receives uncontrolled discharge of pollution, solid waste, sewage and wastewaters discharged from domestic, commercial and industrial activities of the city. These waste materials are tremendously deteriorating thc water quality of the Buriganga River. The contamination level reaches at such an alarming stage during dry periods that not only the ecosystem in the river collapse but also the water treatment plants of the city water supply system developed based on the rivcr water, virtually losses their expected quality of production. Hence of restore the waleI' quality of the Buriganga is crucial for its sustainability. This study on Buriganga is approaches to restore water quality of this river, which includes possible remedial measures to prohibit of water pollution such as physical, chemical and biological pollution of the river. This study has focuscd on the present scenario of water quality, historical trend of water quality and perccnt increase of BOD loading. Data of water quality analysis in biological and chemical parameters are presented, analyzed in tabular and graphical form in this study. It is vivid the water pollution increased tremendously over the last few decades and the river Buriganga is going to be a cannel carrying polluted water. The crosssectional area, depth reduces by tilling waste loads day by day and some where increases by unplanned dredging. Shrinking of river bed is found due to the heavy BOD load, sedimentation and bank encroachment. From 1968 to 2007 maximum BODs of the rivcr at Ilazaribagh area increases from 0.8 to 60 mg/I and DO reaches 6.7 mg/I to zero in most places. BOD loading from industrial origin has increased at all industrial clusters from 1994 to 2006. The increase of BOD load is 37% in Tongi, 82 % in Hazaribagh, and 87% in Narayanganj. Formulation of different types of approaches and management programs is very essential and important in order to restore the water quality of the Buriganga River. As Hazaribagh tanneries are responsible for causing a major pollution in the Buriganga river by the contribution of toxic and persistent pollutants, an' Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) should be established to treat the tannery waste or Tannery industries should be shifted. Moreover, proper treatments of domestic and industrial wastes are needed before discharge in the Buriganga. Proper solid waste management of the area is to be handled properly. Proper dredging and eviction of encroachers are emphasized to improve the water quality of the Buriganga river.
Approaches to restore water quality of Buriganga river
(Department of Civil Engineering, BUET, 2008-10) Paul, Subrata; Hossain, Dr. Md. Delwar
Over the last few decades environment and its pollution is the governing concern for the human being in this planet. People become conscious about the changing of their surrounding. Global warming, Acid rain are now very familiar to us. Still lot of work to be done for mass people awareness, which is very crucial for the eountry Iike ours. People here arc so uneducated thnt few of them nrc conscious nbollt the environment and its changing. But environment is degraded by day by day the weight of over crowed people. One of such example is the Buriganga River. I3uriganga River which encompasses south-western periphery of Dhaka city receives uncontrolled discharge of pollution, solid waste, sewage and wastewaters discharged from domestic, commercial and industrial activities of the city. These waste materials are tremendously deteriorating thc water quality of the Buriganga River. The contamination level reaches at such an alarming stage during dry periods that not only the ecosystem in the river collapse but also the water treatment plants of the city water supply system developed based on the rivcr water, virtually losses their expected quality of production. Hence of restore the waleI' quality of the Buriganga is crucial for its sustainability. This study on Buriganga is approaches to restore water quality of this river, which includes possible remedial measures to prohibit of water pollution such as physical, chemical and biological pollution of the river. This study has focuscd on the present scenario of water quality, historical trend of water quality and perccnt increase of BOD loading. Data of water quality analysis in biological and chemical parameters are presented, analyzed in tabular and graphical form in this study. It is vivid the water pollution increased tremendously over the last few decades and the river Buriganga is going to be a cannel carrying polluted water. The crosssectional area, depth reduces by tilling waste loads day by day and some where increases by unplanned dredging. Shrinking of river bed is found due to the heavy BOD load, sedimentation and bank encroachment. From 1968 to 2007 maximum BODs of the rivcr at Ilazaribagh area increases from 0.8 to 60 mg/I and DO reaches 6.7 mg/I to zero in most places. BOD loading from industrial origin has increased at all industrial clusters from 1994 to 2006. The increase of BOD load is 37% in Tongi, 82 % in Hazaribagh, and 87% in Narayanganj. Formulation of different types of approaches and management programs is very essential and important in order to restore the water quality of the Buriganga River. As Hazaribagh tanneries are responsible for causing a major pollution in the Buriganga river by the contribution of toxic and persistent pollutants, an' Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) should be established to treat the tannery waste or Tannery industries should be shifted. Moreover, proper treatments of domestic and industrial wastes are needed before discharge in the Buriganga. Proper solid waste management of the area is to be handled properly. Proper dredging and eviction of encroachers are emphasized to improve the water quality of the Buriganga river.
Effectiveness of chlorination of potable water in the presence of ammonia
(Department of Civil Engineering, BUET, 2017-07-15) Paul, Subrata; Ali, Dr. M. Ashraf
All surface water treatment plants in Bangladesh use chlorine for disinfection. In the presence of high concentration of ammonia, “break point chlorination” becomes impractical because of very high chlorine dose requirements; therefore, “chloramination” is most often carried out. In the presence of high and variable concentration of ammonia, it becomes difficult to adjust chlorine dose to achieve desired disinfection at treatment plants. The primary objective of this research was to assess the effectiveness of chlorination of potable water in the presence of ammonia. In order to understand the disinfection capability of chlorine in the presence of ammonia, batch disinfection experiments were carried out at different chlorine to ammonia ratios (varying from 0.60:1 to 1.4:1.0) using raw water containing different levels of fecal coliform and ammonia concentrations. It has been found that “chloramination” at low chlorine to ammonia molar ratios (less than 0.6:1.0) may be effective (i.e., zero residual FC) for disinfection for water containing lower level of contamination (FC up to 3,000 cfu/100 mL), even when initial ammonia concentration is relatively low (0.5 mg/L). However, “chloramination” may not be effective for water with higher level of contamination. During “chloramination”, mono-chloramine (NH2Cl) is the most dominant species followed by di-chloramine (NHCl2). Mono-chloramine concentration reaches its peak at chlorine to ammonia molar ratio of 1.2:1 to 1.5. Before breakpoint is reached, a noticeable amount of free chlorine exists in water, and its concentration increases with increasing chlorine dose. Presence of free chlorine along with chloramines in water samples from Saidabad Water Treatment Plant (SWTP) confirms simultaneous presence of free chlorine and chloramines in water during “chloramination”. Mono-chloramine appears to be an effective disinfectant. But during “chloramination”, some free chlorine also exists in water, and both mono-chloramine and this free chlorine act as disinfectant. At relatively lower ammonia concentration (below 0.5 mg/L), it is better to go for “break point” chlorination, rather than chloramination. For a fixed initial ammonia concentration, peak mono-chloramine concentration is reached at chlorine to ammonia ratio of about 1.20:1.0 to 1.50:1, which should be the optimum chlorine to ammonia ration for effective disinfection. But for higher initial ammonia concentration (≥ 5 mg/L), chloramination at such chlorine to ammonia ratio would produce very high concentrations of chloramines, exceeding the WHO/USEPA guideline values (3.0 mg/L for mono-chloramines, and 4.0 mg/L for total chloramines). For such high initial ammonia concentration, a lower “chlorine to ammonia” ratio should be considered for chloramination. For fixing chlorine dose for disinfection of water containing high concentration of ammonia, the maximum chlorine to ammonia ratio that could be applied without exceeding WHO/USEPA guideline values needs to be determined.
Pathological investigations of disease conditions in broiler chickens predisposed to dust in dry
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Khulshi-Chattogram-4225, 2023-06) Paul, Subrata
Dust is a common pollutant present in the air of poultry houses. These dust particles has a great impact on the health of the birds. This study aims to find out the pathological effect of dust in chickens. In this study, the pathological investigation was carried out by studying tissue samples taken from dead birds with the history of using sawdust as litter material in poultry houses during the dry season. A total of 168 samples were collected from 83 affected birds over the period of November 2021 to April 2022. Gross pathological findings include congested trachea, lungs, and liver. Ascites is also observed in most cases. Microscopic examination revealed congestion, hemorrhage, infiltration of inflammatory cells, deciliation, and desquamation of lining epithelia in the trachea. The presence of dust particles surrounding the alveolar lining and metaplasia of alveolar lining epithelia was observed in lung sections with severe congestion, inflammatory cellular infiltration, emphysema, and pulmonary edema. Coagulation necrosis and marked congestion around the central vein were identified in liver tissues. In conclusion, the respiratory system of poultry is irritated by dust, leading to pulmonary hypertension and ascites, which can cause severe discomfort and pain, and may result in death.