Browsing by Author "Mridha, Malay Kanti"

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Assesssment aof Sexual Behaviour of Men in Bangladesh: A Methodological Experiment
(2006-09) Chowdhury, Mahbub Elahi; ALam, Nazmul; Ahmed, Anisuddin; Mallick, Parvez Sazzad; DasGupta, Sushil; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Bashir, Istiaq; Streatfield, Peter Kim
Availability of equipment and medications for non-communicable diseases and injuries at public first-referral level hospitals: A cross-sectional analysis of service provision assessments in eight low-income countries
(BMJ Journals, 10/10/2020) Gupta, Neil; Coates, Matthew M; Bekele, Abebe; Dupuy, Roodney; Fénelon, Darius Leopold; Gage, Anna D; Getachew, Theodros; Karmacharya, Biraj Man; Kwan, Gene F; Lulebo, Aimée M; Masiye, Jones K; Mayige, Mary Theodory; Mbaye, Maïmouna Ndour; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Park, Paul H; Dagnaw, Wubaye Walelgne; Wroe, Emily B; Bukhman, Gene
Context and objectives: Non-communicable diseases and injuries (NCDIs) comprise a large share of mortality and morbidity in low-income countries (LICs), many of which occur earlier in life and with greater severity than in higher income settings. Our objective was to assess availability of essential equipment and medications required for a broad range of acute and chronic NCDI conditions. Design: Secondary analysis of existing cross-sectional survey data. Setting: We used data from Service Provision Assessment surveys in Bangladesh, the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Ethiopia, Haiti, Malawi, Nepal, Senegal and Tanzania, focusing on public first-referral level hospitals in each country. Outcome measures: We defined sets of equipment and medications required for diagnosis and management of four acute and nine chronic NCDI conditions and determined availability of these items at the health facilities. Results: Overall, 797 hospitals were included. Medication and equipment availability was highest for acute epilepsy (country estimates ranging from 40% to 95%) and stage 1-2 hypertension (28%-83%). Availability was low for type 1 diabetes (1%-70%), type 2 diabetes (3%-57%), asthma (0%-7%) and acute presentations of diabetes (0%-26%) and asthma (0%-4%). Few hospitals had equipment or medications for heart failure (0%-32%), rheumatic heart disease (0%-23%), hypertensive emergencies (0%-64%) or acute minor surgical conditions (0%-5%). Data for chronic pain were limited to only two countries. Availability of essential medications and equipment was lower than previous facility-reported service availability. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrate low availability of essential equipment and medications for diverse NCDIs at first-referral level hospitals in eight LICs. There is a need for decentralisation and integration of NCDI services in existing care platforms and improved assessment and monitoring to fully achieve universal health coverage.
Behavioral risk factors profile of people living with hypertension and diabetes comorbidity: a cross-sectional study in Chirirbandar sub-district, Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2025) Kumari, Sita; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Latif, Mahbub A.H.M
Introduction: Non-Communicable Disease (NCDs) and their behavioral risk factors are rising worldwide. Moreover, co-occurrence of hypertension and diabetes is also rising among adults in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) like Bangladesh. The study aims to assess the behavioral risk factors and to identify the factors associated with the clustering of behavioral risk factors (≥3 risk factors) among people living with hypertension and diabetes comorbidity in Chirirbandar sub-district of Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess behavioral risk factors among 387 participants from rural households of Chirirbandar sub-district. The data was conducted using WHO STEPs approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance (STEPs) tools. Presence of three or more risk factors of NCDs was defined as the presence of clustering of NCDs risk factors. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors associated with clustering of behavioral risk factors. Findings: This community-based study covered twelve community clinics of Chirirbandar sub-district of Bangladesh. In total, 387 (148 men and 239 women) were included in the study. The mean age of the respondent was 56.99 years, more than half of them were unemployed, currently married, and less than one third of them had secondary and higher level of education. The prevalence of tobacco use, insufficient fruits and vegetable intake and inadequate physical activity was higher among men, however exposure to indoor air pollution was higher among women. The prevalence of clustering of NCDs risk factors for zero risk factors, one risk factor, two risk factors, three risk factors, and four risk factors were 0.78%, 9.04%, 51.94%, 32.3%, and 5.94% respectively. Majority (61.76%) of the study participants had at most two risk factors and 38.24% of them had three or four risk factors of NCDs. Risk of three or more risk factors was higher among the respondents aged 60 and above (48.47%), and male participants (43.92%). Moreover, the clustering of risk factors was found significantly associated with increased age, and self-care management for hypertension, particularly those who frequently forget to take their medications. Conclusion: The high prevalence of clustering of risk factors demands an integrated NCDs preventive strategies to reduce the burden of risk factors and relevant complications in the rural setting of the country.
COVID-19: The next steps for the World
(Borneo Journal of Medical Sciences, 1/31/2021) Mridha, Malay Kanti
Since December 2019, COVID-19 is impacting the health, economy, education, and well-being of every country in the world. The total number of reported COVID-19 cases will soon surpass 100 million and the death toll will be more than 20 million. At this moment, the top 10 countries with the most reported number of cases currently are the USA, India, Brazil. Russia, UK, France, Turkey, Italy, Spain, and Germany. These countries altogether represent 31.7% of the world’s population. However, they reported 65.5% of the total COVID-19 cases and 58.9% of total deaths. For containing the spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, Malaysia was one of the most successful countries in the world. However, since September 2020, the situation in Malaysia started changing, and at this moment Malaysia is reporting more than 2,500 new cases per day. During the past year, all the countries in the world acted fast and took different initiatives to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2, find effective drugs that can improve the clinical outcomes of COVID-19, and invent vaccines that can give immune protection. The first vaccine that was approved was invented by Pfizer/BioNTech and in December 2020, within one year of the beginning of the pandemic, the UK was the first country to start mass vaccination. As reported by the World Health Organization (WHO) in January 2021, more than 50 COVID-19 vaccines were in different phases of clinical trial and five vaccines received certain national regulatory approval for mass vaccination. However, given all these developments the COVID-19 pandemic is still making a devastating impact on the whole world and the pandemic is not going to over soon. Therefore, we need to discuss what we can do now to deal with the pandemic and ensure the health and wellbeing of the citizens of the world.
Evaluation of partner notification for sexually transmitted infections by service providers in Bangladesh
(2006) Streatfield, Peter Kim; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Alam, Nazmul; Khan, Sharful Islam
Extent and consequence of catastrophic cost for caesarean section delivery among poor households
(2006) Mridha, Malay Kanti; Koblisky, Marge
Factors associated with depression and generalized anxiety disorder among adults living with diabetes and hypertension comorbidity in Chirirbandar, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
(BRAC University, 2025) Chakravartty, Meghna; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Latif, Mahbub A.H.M
Introduction: Coexistence of non-communicable diseases like diabetes and hypertension increases the risk of common mental health conditions such as depression and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Mental health is underexplored in general population of Bangladesh let alone among population with diabetes and hypertension comorbidity. This study aims to assess the prevalence of depression and GAD and explore the associated factors among adults with diabetes and hypertension comorbidity in Chirirbandar, Bangladesh. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 21, 2024 to December 10, 2024 in Chirirbandar, Dinajpur. Data from 387 adults diagnosed with both diabetes and hypertension were included in the final analysis. Data were collected using a pre-tested structured questionnaire, incorporating GAD-7 and PHQ-9 scales to screen GAD and depression respectively. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore the factors associated with GAD and depression. Results: The prevalence of depression was 17.83%. Factors singnificantly associated with depression included marital status and wealth index. Higher odds of depression among participants with controlled hypertension (aOR =3.65, 95%CI: 1.70-7.81, p=0.001) was observed. The prevalence of GAD was 7.24%. Education level, sedentary time spent per day, and kitchen location were found to be associated with GAD. Behavioral factors, such as tobacco use, fruits and vegetable intake, physical activity were not significantly associated with either condition. Conclusion: A high prevalence of depression and GAD were observed among the adults with diabetes and hypertension comorbidity. The findings from the study emphasize the need to integrate mental health services into the existing non-communicable disease care, with particular attention to socio-demographic, behavioural and environmental factors. Further research is required to establish prospective associations in people with hypertension and diabetes comorbidity and develop targeted interventions in Bangladesh.
Gender-specific prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among elderly Bangladeshi people: Findings from a nationally representative cross-sectional survey
(BMJ Journals, 6/21/2021) Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Hossain, Md Mokbul; Hasan, Mehedi; Khan, Md Showkat Ali; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, S M Mustafizur; Mitra, Dipak K; Mridha, Malay Kanti
Objective: We aimed to estimate the gender-specific prevalence and associated factors of hypertension among elderly people in Bangladesh. Design and method We analysed data from the food security and nutrition surveillance round 2018–2019. The multistage cluster sampling method was used to select the study population. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90mmHg and/or having a history of hypertension. We carried out the descriptive analysis, bivariate and multivariable logistic regression to report the weighted prevalence of hypertension as well as crude and adjusted ORs with 95% CI. A p value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Setting The study was conducted in 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban and 10 slums) in all eight administrative divisions of Bangladesh. Participants A total of 2482 males and 2335 females aged ≥60 years were included in this analysis. Results The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 42% and 56% among males and females, respectively. The prevalence was higher among females across all sociodemographic, behavioural and clinical strata. Factors associated with higher odds of hypertension (adjusted OR (AOR) (95% CI) for males and females, respectively) were age ≥70 years (1.32 (1.09, 1.60) and 1.40 (1.15, 1.71)); insufficient physical activity (1.50 (1.25, 1.81) and 1.38 (1.15, 1.67)); higher waist circumference (2.76 (2.22, 3.43) and 2.20 (1.82, 2.67)); and self-reported diabetes (1.36 (1.02, 1.82) and 1.82 (1.35, 2.45)). Additionally, living in slums decreased (0.71 (0.52, 0.96)) and education >10 years increased odds of hypertension (1.83 (1.38, 2.44)) among males. Conclusion In Bangladesh, half of the elderly persons were hypertensive, with a higher prevalence in females. In both sexes, odds of hypertension was higher among persons with older age (≥70 years), insufficient physical activity, higher waist circumference and self-reported diabetes. The Ministry of Health of Bangladesh should consider these findings while designing and implementing health programmes for elderly population.
Healthcare seeking behaviors and control of clinical parameters among people with diabetes and hypertension comorbidity in Chirirbandar, Dinajpur, Bangladesh: a cross-sectional study
(BRAC University, 2025) Shuvo, Md Mashuk Shahriar; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Latif, Mahbub A.H.M
Introduction: The global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), including diabetes and hypertension comorbidities, disproportionately affects low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This study investigates healthcare seeking behaviors and the control of clinical parameters among adults living with diabetes and hypertension comorbidity in Chirirbandar, Dinajpur, Bangladesh. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted from November 20 to December 10, 2024, targeting adults aged 18 and above with diagnosed diabetes and hypertension co-morbidity. Data were collected from 387 participants using semi-structured questionnaires and clinical measurements, following the national and World Health Organization guidelines. Descriptive and multivariable logistic regression were performed to report prevalence and identify associated factors. Findings: The majority of the study participants were female. Approximately 60% of participants exhibited uncontrolled diabetes, while 89% showed uncontrolled hypertension. Healthcare seeking behaviors revealed a reliance on private dispensaries and rural practitioners, with limited adherence to recommended follow-ups and medication. Older age and retired individuals were associated with better blood sugar control. Behavioral risk factors, including sedentary behavior, and high BMI, were associated with poor hypertension control. Surprisingly, physical inactivity was associated with better hypertension control and increased fruits and vegetables intake correlated with worse diabetes control, warranting further investigation. Conclusion: The findings highlight significant gaps in the management of diabetes and hypertension comorbidity in rural Bangladesh. Strengthening healthcare infrastructure, promoting self-care practices, and targeted public health interventions are critical for improving blood pressure and blood sugar control among people with hypertension and diabetes co-morbidity.
MANOSHI Working Paper Series No 16
(icddr,b, 2012-01) Alam, Badrul; Sarker, Bidhan Krishna; Shafi, Shanjeeda; Banu, Morsheda; Ahmed, Anisuddin; Mridha, Malay Kanti
MANOSHI Working Paper Series No 17
(icddr,b, 2012-01) Sarker, Bidhan Krishna; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Dasgupta, Sushil Kanti; Islam, Noushin; Reichenbach, Laura
MANOSHI Working Paper Series No 18
(icddr,b, 2012-01) Sarker, Bidhan Krishna; Higgins, Jonathan; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Ferdous, Jannatul; Dasgupta, Sushil Kanti Dasgupta; Ahmed, Sayem; Khan, Jahangir A.M.; Reichenbach, Laura
MANOSHI Working Paper Series No 2
(icddr,b, 2009-06) Hossain, Mohammad Awlad; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Alam, Badrul; Nahar, Shahinur; Wahed, Tasnuva
MANOSHI Working Paper Series No 9
(icddr,b, 2009-12) Mridha, Malay Kanti; Hossain, Awlad; Alam, Badrul; Sarker, Bidhan Krishna; Wahed, Tasnuva; Khan, Rodela; Roy, Suchismita
Noncommunicable disease risk factors among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: Evidence from a National survey
(Osong public health and research perspectives, 12/11/2020) Urmy, Nushrat Jahan; Hossain, Md. Mokbul; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Khan, Md. Showkat Ali; Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Hasan, Mehedi; Akter, Fahmida; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, SM Mustafizur; Bulbul, Md. Mofijul Islam; Mridha, Malay Kanti
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and the factors associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors (≥ 2 risk factors) among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. Methods: Data on selected NCD risk factors collected from face to face interviews of 4,907 boys and 4,865 girls in the national Nutrition Surveillance round 2018-2019, was used. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results: The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, tobacco use, and being overweight/obese was 90.72%, 29.03%, 4.57%, and 6.04%, respectively among boys; and 94.32%, 50.33%, 0.43%, and 8.03%, respectively among girls. Multiple risk factors were present among 34.87% of boys and 51.74% of girls. Younger age (p < 0.001), non-slum urban (p < 0.001) and slum residence (p < 0.001), higher paternal education (p = 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in both boys and girls. Additionally, higher maternal education (p < 0.001) and richest wealth quintile (p = 0.023) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in girls. Conclusion: The government should integrate specific services into the existing health and non-health programs which are aimed at reducing the burden of NCD risk factors.
Prevalence and associated factors of depression among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: Findings from a nationwide survey
(BMJ Journals, 1/17/2021) Mridha, Malay Kanti; Hossain, Md Mokbul; Khan, Md Showkat Ali; Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Hasan, Mehedi; Mitra, Dipak; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, S M Mustafizur; Bulbul, Md M Islam; Shamim, Abu Ahmed
Objective: To assess the prevalence of and factors associated with depression among adolescent boys and girls. Design: We conducted a nationwide cross-sectional study. Setting: This study was carried out in 82 randomly selected clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban and 10 slums) from eight divisions of Bangladesh. Participants: We interviewed 4907 adolescent boys and 4949 adolescent girls. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome measure was ‘any depression’ and the secondary outcome measures were types of depression: no or minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe. Results: The overall prevalence of no or minimal, mild, moderate, moderately severe and severe depression was 75.5%, 17.9%, 5,4%, 1.1% and 0.1%, respectively. Across most of the sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric strata, the prevalence of any depression was higher among adolescent girls. In both sexes, depression was associated with higher age, higher maternal education, paternal occupation e.g., business, absence of a 6–9-year-old member in the household, food insecurity, household consumption of unfortified oil, household use of non-iodised salt, insufficient physical activity (adjusted odds ratio, AOR: 1.24 for boys, 1.44 for girls) and increased television viewing time e.g., ≥121minute/day (AOR: 1.95 for boys, 1.99 for girls). Only among boys, depression was also associated with higher paternal education e.g., complete secondary and above (AOR: 1.42), absence of another adolescent member in the household (AOR: 1.34), household use of solid biomass fuel (AOR: 1.39), use of any tobacco products (AOR: 2.17), and consumption of processed food (AOR: 1.24). Only among girls, non-slum urban residence, Muslim religion, and household size ≤4 were also associated with depression. Conclusion: The prevalence of depression among adolescent boys and girls is high in Bangladesh. In most sociodemographic, lifestyle and anthropometric strata, the prevalence is higher among girls. In this age group, depression is associated with a number of sociodemographic and lyfestyle factors. The government of Bangladesh should consider these findings while integrating adolescent mental health in the existing and future programmes.
Prevalence and associated factors of hypertension in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka, Bangladesh: Findings from SHASTO baseline survey
(BMJ Journals, 1/20/2021) Hasan, Mehedi; Khan, Md Showkat Ali; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Hossain, Md Mokbul; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Yoshimura, Yukie; Choudhury, Sohel Reza; Sarker, Malabika; Mridha, Malay Kanti
Objective: We implemented this study to report the prevalence and associated risk factors of hypertension among adult men and women aged >30 years residing in selected urban and rural areas of Dhaka division, Bangladesh. Design Cross-sectional study. Setting Two urban (Dhaka city north and Dhaka city south) and two rural (Narsinghdi and Gazipur district) areas of the Dhaka division. Participants A total of 4856 male and female participants were included in the final analysis, of whom 2340 (48.2%) were from urban and 2516 (51.8%) were from rural areas. Primary outcome Hypertension was the dependent variable for this study and was operationally defined as systolic blood pressure >140mm of Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >90mm of Hg, and/or persons with already diagnosed hypertension. Results The overall prevalence of hypertension was 31.0%, and the prevalence was higher among urban participants (urban: 36.9%, rural: 30.6%). Age (across all categories), female (urban—adjusted OR (AOR): 1.3, 95%CI: 1.0 to 1.5 and rural—AOR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.4 to 2.1)), higher educational status (urban—AOR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.3 to 2.2 and rural—AOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.5 to 3.1), inadequate physical activity (urban—AOR: 1.3, 95%CI: 1.0 to 1.7 and rural—AOR: 1.5, 95%CI: 1.2 to 1.9) and overweight/obesity (urban—AOR: 2.7, 95%CI: 2.1 to 3.3 and rural—AOR: 2.1, 95%CI: 1.7 to 2.5) were associated with hypertension in both urban and rural areas. Women who were not currently married during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the rural areas (rural—AOR: 1.8, 95%CI: 1.3 to 2.4), and respondents who were not working during the survey had higher odds of hypertension only in the urban areas (AOR: 1.7, 95%CI: 1.0 to 2.6). Conclusion Since the prevalence of hypertension was high in urban and rural areas, the government of Bangladesh should consider implementing hypertension prevention programmes focusing young population of Dhaka division. In addition, early screening programmes and management of hypertension need to be strengthened for people with hypertension in both the areas.
Public-sector maternal health programmes and services for rural Bangladesh
(2009-04) Mridha, Malay Kanti; Anwar, Iqbal; Koblinsky, Marge
Reducing maternal mortality and improving maternal health: Bangladesh and MDG 5
(2008-09) Koblinsky, Marge; Anwar, Iqbal; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Chowdhury, Mahbub Elahi; Botlero, Roseline
Status of the WHO recommended timing and frequency of antenatal care visits in Northern Bangladesh
(PLOS ONE, 11/5/2020) Sarker, Bidhan Krishna; Rahman, Musfikur; Rahman, Tanjina; Rahman, Tawhidur; Khalil, Jubaida Jahan; Hasan, Mehedi; Rahman, Fariya; Ahmed, Anisuddin; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Rahman, Anisur
Objective: There is dearth of information on the timeliness of antenatal care (ANC) uptake. This study aimed to determine the timely ANC uptake by a medically trained provider (MTP) as per the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and the country guideline. Methods Cross-sectional survey was done with 2,731 women having livebirth outcome in last one year in Dinajpur, Nilphamari and Rajshahi districts, Bangladesh from August-November,2016. Results About 82%(2,232) women received at least one ANC from a MTP. Overall, 78%(2,142) women received 4 or more ANCs by any provider and 43%(1168) from a MTP. Only 14%(378) women received their first ANC at the 1st trimester by a MTP. As per 4 schedule visits by the WHO FANC model and the country guideline 8%(203) and 20%(543) women respectively received the first 2 timely ANC by a MTP; where only 1%(32) and 3%(72) received the first 3 visits timely and 0.6%(17) and 1%(29) received all the four timely visits. Factors significantly associated with the first two timely visits are: 10 or above years of schooling of women [adj. OR 2.13 (CI: 1.05, 4.30)] and their husbands [adj. OR 2.40 (CI: 1.31, 4.38)], women’s employment [adj. OR 2.32 (CI: 1.43, 3.76)], urban residential status [adj. OR 3.49 (CI: 2.46, 4.95)] and exposure to mass media [adj. OR 1.58 (CI: 1.07, 2.34)] at 95% confidence interval. According to the 2016 WHO ANC model, only 1.5%(40) women could comply with the first two ANC contacts timely by a MTP and no one could comply with all the timely 8 contacts. Conclusion Despite high coverage of ANC utilization, timely ANC visit is low as per both the WHO recommendations and the country guideline. For better understanding, further studies on the timeliness of ANC coverage are required to design feasible intervention for improving maternal and child health.