Browsing by Author "Moniruzzaman, Mohammad"

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A study on SME banking system and procedure of BRAC Bank Limited
(BRAC University, 2015-12) Moniruzzaman, Mohammad; Ahmed, Riyashad
BRAC Bank Limited is a scheduled commercial bank in Bangladesh. It established in Bangladesh under the Banking Companies Act, 1991 and incorporated as private limited company on May 20, 1999 under the Companies Act, 1994. Its operation started on July 4, 2001 with a vision to be the market leader through to providing all sorts’ support to people in term of promoting corporate, small entrepreneurs and individuals all over the Bangladesh. BRAC Bank will be a unique organization in Bangladesh. The bank consist of major divisions named 1) Corporate banking, 2) Retail banking, 3) Operations 4) Small & Medium Enterprise (SME). At present the Bank operating its business by 165 branches and 624 SME offices. BRAC Bank is the first local commercial banks that proving online banking service to its customers from the very beginning of its starts. BRAC Bank, for the first time among local commercial banks, starts providing loan facilities to small and medium trading, manufacturing and service oriented enterprises all over the country. The bank has already established its network in different area of the country with assistance of BRAC. BRAC Bank is trying to develop economic condition of the country. So the bank provides loan facility 3 to 30 lacs taka to that small and medium enterprise that has no easy access to banks/financial institutes. The bank already established 41 Zones and 624 SME offices all over the country. There is 2104 Officers providing service to clients. Till 2014, the bank Disbursed 471618 loans which amount is Tk 291871 million. The success of SME will largely depends on the selection of a business and man behind the business. BRAC Bank provides this facility to those whose business operation is minimum one year and environment friendly business. It provides no loan facility to tobacco business. The business should be legally registered and must have valid trade license. The entrepreneur should be physically able, preferably between the ages 21 to 50. She/he must have the necessary technical skills to run the business and acceptable social standing in the community i.e. people should speak highly of him/her. BRAC Bank gives equally important to the guarantor to getting the SME facility. The guarantor must have the ability to repay the entire loan and is economically solvent. The guarantor should know the entrepreneur reasonable well and should preferable live in the same community. SME loan can be repaid in two ways, 1) in equal monthly loan installment with monthly interest payment. 2) By one single payment at maturity, with interest repayable a quarter ends residual on maturity. Customer relation officers search new potential customer by providing door-to-door service. They talk with clients and monitor their manners, activities of their business and provide the loan to the potential customers. SME, BRAC Bank may provide 100% of net required working capital but not exceeding 75% of the aggregate value of the inventory and account receivable. Normally, organizations meet their working capital from over draft loan but BRAC Bank designed the loan to meet working capital but as term loan which is repaid in installment. The customer relation officers also monitor the borrowers’ activities after the loan disbursement. Monitoring also facilitates the buildup of an information base for future reference. Asset Operation Department acts as the last line defense of the bank. This division is responsible for the complete disbursement, recovery and closing procedures. The procedures start from the sanction of the SME loan. The respective select potential enterprise, collect confidential information about the enterprise, open clients account is the respective bank where BRAC Bank has its own account, filled up CIB form and send it to the Asset Operation Department. Then the Asset Operation Department starts its activities. The Asset Operation Department sends the CIB form to the Bangladesh Bank to know the CIB status of the applicant. If the report found clean then it send back to the unit office for send proposal for the loan. Then the unit office sanction loan and send it again in Asset Operation Department for disbursement. The Asset Operation Department then prepare a loan file and checks all necessary documents, prepare a list and disburse it. Then the Asset Operation Department starts enter all information regarding the loan in the banking software “Millennium Banking System (MBS)” which includes initial ID generation, loan account opening, risk fund collection, activation of the loan. Post disbursement manual activities includes repayment schedule send to unit office, documents stamp cancellation, send the loan file to archive. Recovering activities include receive SMS/Fax for installment deposit, entry the installment information to MBS, print vouchers, cross check SMS/Fax and solve problems, repayment voucher check and posting. Closing activities includes receive SMS/Fax requesting for closing, bring the loan file from archive, obtained approve to closing from the concern authority, checking in MBS, SMS sent to concern customer relation officer (CRO), receiving and print closing SMS/Fax. The core competence of the BRAC Bank is to provide the fastest loans to the clients in this country. To retain this competitive advantage BRAC Bank would provide computer and palmtop facilities whether they can give fastest services to clients than other banks. Also to convey the customer focus, BRAC Bank is trying to reduce collateral securities than other banks. It provides more collateral free secured loans to capture the market. Regarding the services by the CRO, almost all clients are satisfied by get these quick facilities from them. Though it is pioneer division of this bank, I tried to give an in-depth analysis for every factor, which relates the SME division from the perspective of customer satisfaction and dissatisfaction.
Corporate Tax Strategy vis-a-vis Corporate Governance in Bangladesh: An Empirical Review
(School of Business, Independent University,Bangladesh, 2011-01-01) Bala, Swapan Kumar; Moniruzzaman, Mohammad
77n s- naner examines the tax payment behavior of a company under its tax professional public accountants. Being considered as confidential, these strategy" are kept outside public disclosure. The regulatory from iso,ko or orate governance lacks the explicit provision on J^he reason a survey on a small sample of IS listed companies shows that all the companies properly comply with the Securities and Exchange Commission s corporate governance guidelines. No uniformity has been estimates and measurement, presentation and disclosure. Both random iudgmenl have been applied 10 compute the tax provision. Use of deferred Z^cepfis encouraging. But significant departure has tax computation disclosure as well as tax status report by which the level of fecal Z— can be easily gauged. The. -comply or explain governance framework should be revised to incorporate the tax maers and then the intersection between tax and corporate governance would be more meaningfully interactive.
Effect of M: L ratio on dyeing of jute fabrics using REMAZOL RR & DRIMAREN HF
(Daffodil International University, 2013-07) Iqbal, Md. Asib; Chowdhury, Nazmina; Moniruzzaman, Mohammad; Mohajan, Suman; Rashid, Mir Akmam Noor
Reactive dyes are widely used for dyeing and printing cellulosic materials and blends containing cellulosic portion. Remazol RR & Drimaren HF both are Reactive dyes widely used in Jute dyeing .From the comparison result, it is also seen that due to low M: L ratio strength and hydrolysis% of both dyes increase & decrease respectively. The result of strength & Hydrolysis% is different from Drimaren HF & Remazol RR. Here we showed that Drimaren HF combination is better than Remazol RR combination.
Electronic Government Procurement (e-GP): digital transformation of public procurement - a case study of the Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2023-09) Moniruzzaman, Mohammad; Uddin, Mohammed Salah
This study examines e-GP's impact on SRDI procurement, assessing benefits, challenges, and prospects using a mixed-methods approach: quantitative and qualitative insights. The survey showed that most SRDI staff had a good understanding of e-GP (83.3%) and actively participated in e-GP procurement (75%). In terms of procurement activities, 50% procurement personnel gave opinion for less than 50 procurement done in Soil Resource Development Institute (SRDI), 41.7% think 50 to 100, and 8.3% managed over 100 activities annually. The average cost of a single procurement activity was estimated to be 25-50 lakh BDT (41.7%).The study revealed some of e-GP's benefits: such as increased transparency, improved efficiency (75%), enhanced accountability (91.7%), reduced paperwork (91.7%), and better access to suppliers (91.7%) in SRDI. Challenges included internet connectivity issues (50%), technical problems (75%), and lack of training and support (100%). Adequate change management programs and enhanced training are recommended to address these challenges. The study's t-test showed a significant difference (p = 0.015) in Completion time between manual and e-GP systems. The e-GP system (mean 23.4 days) was much faster in tender evaluation compared to the manual system (mean 45.8 days), highlighting its efficiency. The study recommends a change management program for a smooth e-GP transition, CPTU server upgrade for better speed, addressing connectivity issues, and improving cyber-security. Comprehensive training for contractors and SRDI personnel, along with enhanced stakeholder engagement, is vital. In conclusion, e-GP positively impacts procurement, but addressing challenges is crucial for optimal utilization. Implementing recommendations enhances SRDI's practices and objectives.
Extra Judicial Killing by Law Enforcement Agencies Violation of the Constitution and the Human Rights in Bangladesh Perspective
(Daffodil International University, 2020-12-27) Moniruzzaman, Mohammad
The research paper will show how enforcement agency law abuses their power to justify extra judicial killing and the way human rights and constitution gets violated because of extra judicial killing. The research paper provides legal status of a person who gets arrested or taken into custody including his legal rights in such situation. The research paper also provides related provision from different laws, conventions, precedents made against extra judicial killing in Bangladesh and list of recommendations to prevent extra judicial killing with references.
Remediation of metal contaminated soils in Bangladesh by chemical technology
(University of Dhaka, 2019-03-27) Moniruzzaman, Mohammad
To remediate metal contaminated soils by chemical technologies soil samples were collected from six metal contaminated industrial areas. The Pb concentrations were high (245 and 164 mg kg-1) in soils of battery industries of Madhupur tract (acidic soil) and Ishwardi (calcareous soil), respectively. Soil of tannery industrial area contained high amount of chromium (256 mg kg-1). The saline soil of ship breaking yard, Shitakunda had high amounts of Pb, Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn of 93, 71, 69, 192, 845 mg kg-1, respectively. Other two soil samples were collected from cable industry of Kushtia (calcareous soil) and Chittagong (slightly saline), which contained 196 and 151 mg kg-1 of Cu, respectively. The mobility indexes of metals were found high (above 40%) in calcareous soils. Different synthetic extractants (NH4OAC, CaCl2, HCl, EDTA, DTPA and distilled water) were applied to spiked soils for removal of metal. Among the metals the highest amount of Cd and lowest amount of Cr were removed from soils by these extractants. The metal removal efficiencies of extractants were found higher in light textured soils than that of heavy textured soils. Among the extractants distilled water removed the lowest amount of metals from all soils. Between the salt solutions, buffered NH4OAc extracted comparatively higher amounts of metals than that of CaCl2. The extractants 0.1 M HCl extracted significantly high amount of metals, but the extraction markedly reduced soil pH and also leached a high amount of plant essential elements like Ca, Mg, Fe and Mn. Moreover HCl could not extract much metal from calcareous soils. The chelating agents EDTA and DTPA extracted considerable amounts of metals from all types of soils. These extractants effectively lowered the mobility indexes of metals below 10% in acidic and saline soils and 8 to 29% in calcareous soil. Among the chelating agents, EDTA removed the highest amount of metals from soils, but its use is also problematic one if persists in the environment. Soluble humic substances (HS) might be used instead of synthetic chemicals. Humic substances act as chelating agents for metal ion extraction which are also less expensive, environment friendly, less destructive to soil structure and improve soil properties. Different concentrations of humic and fulvic acids (0.1 to 0.5%) were used for removal of metal from soils. Fulvic acid extracted comparatively higher amount of metals from heavy textured soils of Madhupur, Ishwardi and Kushtia due to its lower molecular structure than that of humic acid. In contrast humic acid leached somewhat higher amount of metals from light textured soil of Hazaribagh and Shitakunda due to having more contact time with soil particles. Humic substances (HS) reduced metal mobility in soils but the values were comparatively higher than that of EDTA, because HS extracted comparatively lower amounts of metals from soils (especially from calcareous soil) compared to EDTA. The extraction capacities of humic substances were significantly increased when combined with small amount of EDTA. Combined HS + EDTA extractants reduced the mobility indexes which were also lower than that of individual HS and EDTA treatments. In heavy textured soils of Madhupur tract and in calcareous soils 0.4 % fulvic acid in combination with 0.04 M EDTA extracted similar amounts of metals as was done by only 0.1 M EDTA solution, whereas humic acid required 0.06 M EDTA. Both humic and fulvic acids required lower amounts of EDTA (0.04 M) to remove metals from light textured soils of Hazaribagh and Shitakunda as was done by EDTA alone. Pot experiments were conducted with red amaranth and rice plants in six different contaminated soils to study the mobility and bioavailability of metals from soil to plant after reclamation with different extractants. Each contaminated soil was treated with only HA, FA, EDTA and also with combined HA + EDTA and FA + EDTA extractants. The contaminated soils treated with these extractants showed reduced metals toxicity and created positive impacts on the growth and yields of plants. In Pb contaminated Madhupur tract soil only 0.4 % FA extractants created almost similar effects on the minimum content of Pb in plants as were obtained with combined FA + EDTA treatment. Soils treated with 0.4 % FA + 0.04 M EDTA extractant yielded the lowest Pb and Cu concentrations in plant materials grown in contaminated calcareous soils of Ishwardi and Kushtia, respectively. The contaminated soil of Hazaribagh treated with only 0.4 % HA and 0.4 % FA was enough to reduce the Cr concentration in both plant materials. In contaminated soil of ship breaking yard the combined application of 0.4 % HA + 0.04 M EDTA and 0.4 % FA + 0.04 M EDTA extractants were equally effective in reducing high concentrations of metals in soil and plant materials. The Cu contaminated soil of Chittagong treated with only 0.4 % HA and 0.4 % FA was enough to reduce Cu concentration in plants. In all pot experiments, soils treated with only 0.1 M EDTA extractants increased metals concentration in labile fraction due to further dissolution of metals from non-labile fraction with time, which enhanced metal uptake by plants. But residual humic substances in soil reduced the mobility of metals by forming immobile HS-metal complex which inhibited metal accumulation in plant.