Browsing by Author "Mitra, Dipak Kumar"

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A Tale of Osteoarthritis Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh
(Daffodil International University, 2022-09-20) Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Ali, A. R. M. Mehrab; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Gupta, Rajat Das; Anwar, Afsana; Basu, Saurav; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Mitra, Dipak Kumar
Background Due to restrictions in social gatherings imposed due to the pandemic, physical and other daily activities were limited among the older adults. The present study aimed to estimate the change in osteoarthritis prevalence among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Methods This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted through telephone interviews among older adults aged 60 years and above on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The prevalence of osteoarthritis was measured by asking the participants if they had osteoarthritis or joint pain problems. Results A total of 2077 participants (1032 in 2020-survey and 1045 in 2021-survey) participated in the study. The prevalence of self-reported joint pains or osteoarthritis significantly increased from 45.3% in 2020 to 54.7% in 2021 (P = 0.006), with an increasing odd in the adjusted analysis (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.54). We also found that osteoarthritis prevalence significantly increased among the participants from the Chattogram and Mymensingh divisions, aged 60–69 years, males, married, rural residents, and living with a family. A significant increase was also documented among those who received formal schooling, had a family income of 5000–10000 BDT, resided with a large family, were unemployed or retired, and lived away from a health facility. Conclusions Our study reported a significant increased prevalence of osteoarthritis among older adults from 2020 to 2021 during this pandemic in Bangladesh. This study highlights the need for the development and implementation of initiatives for the screening and management of osteoarthritis through a primary health care approach during any public health emergencies.
Dietary practices of men in Bangladesh: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance
(Oxford Academic, 2020-06) Mridha, Malay; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Hossain, Md. Mokbul; Hasan, Mehedi; Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, S. M. Mustafizur; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Haque, Md. Emdadul
Objectives: Bangladesh has a paucity of information about the dietary practices of adult men. In the recently completed round of the national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we explored the dietary practices of adult men and factors associated with insufficient dietary diversity (IDD) and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. Methods In the NNS, between October 2018 and 2019, we collected data from from 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban, and 10 slums) selected using multistage cluster sampling. In these clusters we interviewed and took physical measurements of 4904 20–59 years old men (3471 in rural, 832 in urban, and 601 in slum). We used minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) questionnaire to collect dietary data. IDD was defined as consumption of < 5 food groups out of 10 food groups, and insufficient fruits and vegetables intake was defined as consumption of < 5 servings of fruits and vegetables in the past 24 hours. Results The prevalence of IDD was 53% (54% in rural, 42% in non-slum urban, and 56% in slum areas) among the adult men. In the past 24 hours, 73% consumed meat/fish/poultry, 28% consumed eggs, and 22% consumed dairy products. The consumption of dark green leafy vegetables, vitamin A rich fuits and vegetables, other vegetables, other fruits was 34%, 22%, 73%, and 37%, respectively. Among the respondents, 27% had savory snacks, 52% had sweets, and 75% had sugary drinks. The prevalence of insufficient fruits and vegetables intake was 86% (83% in rural, 92% in non-slum urban and 93% in slum areas). IDD was associated with education (partial secondary education: Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 0.67, P < 0.001; ≥10 years of schooling: AOR 0.48, P < 0.001), and sufficient intake of fruits and vegetables (AOR 0.82, P = 0.022). On the other hand, insufficient fruits and vegetables intake was associated with IDD (AOR 1.23, P = 0.014), hypertension (AOR 0.77, P = 0.020) and adequate physical activity (AOR 0.46, P < 0.001). Conclusions More than half of the men aged 20–59 years consume an inadequately diversified diet in Bangladesh and 86% had insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. This study identified a number of factors associated with IDD, and insufficient intake of fruits and vegetables. The government of Bangladesh should address them while developing interventions to improve nutrition.
Double burden of malnutrition among elderly people in Bangladesh: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance Study
(Oxford Academic, 2020-06) Hasan, Mehedi; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Hossain, Md. Mokbul; Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, S M Mustafizur; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Haque, Md. Emdadul; Mridha, Malay
Objectives: Double burden of malnutrition (DBM), referred as the coexistence of undernutrition and overnutrition, is an evolving public health concern. There is a paucity of data about DBM among elderly people in Bangladesh. In the recently completed round of the national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we assessed the prevalence and determinants of DBM among elderly people. Methods In the NNS, we collected data from 30,005 persons in 6 population groups from 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slum urban, and 10 slums) selected using multistage cluster sampling. We collected socio-demographic, life-style and anthropometric data from 4817 respondents aged >60 years. Underweight was defined as body mass index (BMI) <18.5 kg/m2 and overweight/obesity as BMI ≥ 23 kg/m2. Results The weighted prevalence of underweight was 26.8%, and was higher among elderly aged ≥70 years (34.4%), male (28.5%), non-diabetic (28.5%), rural residents (27.1%) and with inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (27.1%). The weighted prevalence of overweight was 27.0%, and was higher among elderly aged 60–69 years (29.8%), female (30.8), diabetic (51.0%), urban residents (48.2%), with poor physical activity (31.3%), and with inadequate fruits and vegetables consumption (27.4%). As education and wealth status increased, the prevalence of underweight decreased and the prevalence of overweight and obesity increased. In multivariable logistic regression, male gender (AOR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.18,1.51), being non-diabetic (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.23,1.82), having no education (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.35,2.22), and having adequate physical activity (AOR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05,1.35) were associated with underweight. However, urban residency (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.41,2.12), 60–69 years age (AOR: 1.59, 95% CI: 1.36,1.85), being female (AOR: 1.81, 95% CI: 1.56,2.10), having diabetes (AOR: 2.52, 95% CI:2.07,3.08), being Muslim (AOR: 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04,1.53), and having inadequate physical activity (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.18,1.57) were associated with overweight. Conclusions The overall prevalence of undernutrition and overnutrition is very high among elderly population in Bangladesh. The government together with national and international organizations should implement population-based interventions to prevent and control DBM.
Elderly women are disproportionately vulnerable to hypertension in Bangladesh: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance Study
(Oxford Academic, 2020-06) Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Hossain, Md. Mokbul; Hasan, Mehedi; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, S M Mustafizur; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Haque, Md. Emdadul; Mridha, Malay
Objectives: Bangladesh has a dearth of information on the prevalence and factors associated with hypertension among elderlies. We assessed the prevalence, sex differences in prevalence, and factors associated with hypertension in the most recent national nutrition surveillance round (2018–19). Methods We analyzed data of 4817 elderlies (≥60 years) from 82 clusters (57 rural, 15 urban and 10 slum) selected by multistage cluster sampling. Hypertension was defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure ≥90 mmHg and/or having a history of hypertension. We analyzed data using Stata 15.0. Results The weighted prevalence of hypertension was 42%, and 56% for elderly males, and females, respectively; and was higher among females for many socio-demographic, behavioural and anthropetric variables including age 70 + years (58% vs. 46%); high waist circumference (69% vs. 65%); diabetes (69% vs. 65%); living in rural (55% vs. 41%), urban (63% vs. 45%) and slum (50% vs. 30%) area; Muslim (56% vs. 42%); insufficient physical activity (60% vs 52%); and inadequate fruits/vegetables intake (56% vs. 43%). Among females, the factors associated with hypertension were age 70 + years (AOR: 1.40, 95% CI: 1.15–1.71), waist circumference ≥80 cm (AOR: 2.20, 95% CI: 1.82–2.67), diabetes (AOR: 1.82, 95% CI: 1.35–2.45), and inadequate physical activity (AOR: 1.38, 95% CI: 1.15–1.67). Among males, these factors were age 70 + years (AOR: 1.32, 95% CI: 1.09–1.60), waist circumference ≥90 cm (AOR: 2.76, 95% CI: 2.22–3.43), diabetes (AOR: 1.36, 95% CI: 1.02–1.82), slum-dwelling (AOR: 0.71, 95% CI: 0.52–0.96), > 10 years of education (AOR: 1.83; 95% CI: 1.38, 2.44), inadequate physical activity (AOR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.25–1.81), and current smoking (AOR: 0.74; 95% CI: 0.61, 0.89). In both males and females, fruits and vegetables intake was not assicaited with hypertension. Conclusions In Bangladesh, the elderly female population is disproportionately affected by hypertension. They were found having a consistent pattern of higher prevalence of hypertension for many socio-demographic, behavioral, and anthropometric variables. The ministry of health of Bangladesh should consider this disproportionately high prevalence of hypertension among elderly females while designing and implementing health programs.
Exploring acceptable and appropriate interventions to promote correct and consistent condom use among youth male clients of hotel-based female sex workers in Dhaka, Bangladesh
(Dhaka: International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Bangladesh; 2004, 2007) Mitra, Dipak Kumar
Inadequate dietary diversity and Its determinants among adolescent girls and boys: Evidence from the National Nutrition surveillance study in Bangladesh
(Oxford Academic, 5/29/2020) Akter, Fahmida; Hossain, Md Mokbul; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Hasan, Mehedi; Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, S M Mustafizur; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Haque, Md Emdadul; Mridha, Malay
Objectives: Bangladesh is experiencing triple burden of malnutrition among adolescents, which may be associated with inadequate dietary diversity (IDD). In the recently completed round of the national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we explored the prevalence of IDD and its determinants among adolescent girls and boys. Methods A total of 4808 adolescent girls and 4761 adolescent boys were interviewed. We used minimum dietary diversity for women (MDD-W) questionnaire to collect dietary data. IDD was defined as consumption of <5 food groups out of 10 food groups in the past 24 hours. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify risk factors for IDD among adolescent girls and boys. Results The prevalence of IDD was 55.5% and 50.6% among the adolescent girls and boys. Prevalence of IDD decreased with an increase of educational attainment among girls (no education 77.8% and grade 10 completed education 49.2%) and boys (no education 68.2% and grade 10 completed education 44.2%). The prevalence of IDD in slum, urban and rural areas was 66.4%, 55.6%, and 51.9% among girls and 61.4%, 50.5% and 52.6% among boys, respectively. Prevalence of IDD was lowest among the richest wealth quintile (girls: 45.4% and boys: 43.1%). Among adolescent girls education (e.g., for grade 10 completed, AOR: 3.42, P = 0.002), marital status (AOR: 1.24, P = 0.046), processed food consumption (AOR: 1.66, P < 0.001), television viewing time (e. g. for ≤60 min/day, AOR: 1.37, P < 0.001), and sex of household head (AOR: 0.81, P = 0.003) were significantly associated with IDD. Among the adolescent boys age (AOR: 0.82, P = 0.024), education (e.g., for grade 10 completed, AOR: 2.36, P < 0.001), sex of household heads (AOR: 0.80, P = 0.002), livestock ownership (AOR: 1.22, P = 0.012), fruits and vegetable consumption (AOR: 1.38, P = 0.004), processed food intake (AOR: 1.74, P < 0.001), physical activity (AOR: 0.76, P = 0.001), and television viewing time (e. g. for ≤60 min/day, AOR: 1.19, P = 0.021) were significantly associated with IDD. Conclusions About more than half of the adolescent girls and boys consume inadequately diversified diet in Bangladesh. The study identified a number of factors associated with IDD, which should be addressed through comprehensive and sustainable public health interventions.
Noncommunicable disease risk factors among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh: Evidence from a National survey
(Osong public health and research perspectives, 12/11/2020) Urmy, Nushrat Jahan; Hossain, Md. Mokbul; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Khan, Md. Showkat Ali; Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Hasan, Mehedi; Akter, Fahmida; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, SM Mustafizur; Bulbul, Md. Mofijul Islam; Mridha, Malay Kanti
Objectives: To assess the prevalence of noncommunicable disease (NCD) risk factors and the factors associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors (≥ 2 risk factors) among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. Methods: Data on selected NCD risk factors collected from face to face interviews of 4,907 boys and 4,865 girls in the national Nutrition Surveillance round 2018-2019, was used. Descriptive analysis and multivariable logistic regression were performed. Results: The prevalence of insufficient fruit and vegetable intake, inadequate physical activity, tobacco use, and being overweight/obese was 90.72%, 29.03%, 4.57%, and 6.04%, respectively among boys; and 94.32%, 50.33%, 0.43%, and 8.03%, respectively among girls. Multiple risk factors were present among 34.87% of boys and 51.74% of girls. Younger age (p < 0.001), non-slum urban (p < 0.001) and slum residence (p < 0.001), higher paternal education (p = 0.001), and depression (p < 0.001) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in both boys and girls. Additionally, higher maternal education (p < 0.001) and richest wealth quintile (p = 0.023) were associated with the coexistence of multiple risk factors in girls. Conclusion: The government should integrate specific services into the existing health and non-health programs which are aimed at reducing the burden of NCD risk factors.
Prevalence of and Factors Associated with Insufficient Physical Activity Among Adolescents: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance Study
(Oxford Academic, 5/29/2020) Hossain, Md Mokbul; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Hasan, Mehedi; Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, S M Mustafizur; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Haque, Md Emdadul; Mridha, Malay
Objectives: The World Health Organization (WHO) set a target of 15% relative reduction of the prevalence of insufficient physical activity (IPA) by 2025 among adolescents and adults globally. In Bangladesh, there is no national estimates of the prevalence of IPA among adolescents. In the recently completed round of the national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we aimed to estimate the prevalence and risk factors associated with IPA among adolescent girls and boys. Methods: NNS was conducted in 57 rural, 15 urban and 10 slum clusters selected using multistage cluster sampling. In these clusters, we collected data from 4732 adolescent girls and 4761 adolescent boys. We used Global Physical Activity Questionnaire to collect physical activity (PA) data. The WHO recommended cut off points for IPA (5–17 years: <300 minutes of moderate to vigorous-intensity PA weekly; 18–19 years: <150 minutes of moderate intensity PA weekly or <75 minutes of vigorous-intensity PA weekly) were used to estimate the prevalence of IPA. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression were performed to identify factors associated with IPA. Results: Prevalence of IPA among girls and boys were 50.6% and 29.4%, respectively and the prevalence was significantly higher among early adolescents (10–14 years) than late adolescents in both boys and girls. The IPA prevalence was the highest among the adolescents living in non-slum urban areas (girls: 77.9% and boys: 64.6%). The IPA prevalence in slum areas was 36.6% for girls and 34.0% for boys; and in rural areas was 50.0% for girls and 28.2% for boys. For both girls and boys, age group, occupation and >6 hours of sitting per day were associated with IPA. Place of residence, consumption of fruits and vegetables, education and paternal occupation were associated with IPA only among the boys. On the other hand, maternal and paternal education and overweight/obesity were associated with IPA only among the girls. Conclusions: One in every two adolescent girls and one in every three adolescent boys do not meet the WHO recommended level of PA in Bangladesh. This study identified several modifiable factors associated with IPA among adolescent boys and girls and these factors should be addressed through comprehensive public health interventions in order to improve adolescent health in Bangladesh.
Prevalence of Non-communicable disease risk factors among adolescent girls and boys in Bangladesh: Evidence from the National Nutrition Surveillance Study
(Oxford Academic, 2020-06) Urmy, Nushrat Jahan; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Hossain, Md. Mokbul; Hasan, Mehedi; Hanif, Abu Abdullah Mohammad; Hossaine, Moyazzam; Ullah, Mohammad Aman; Sarker, Samir Kanti; Rahman, S M Mustafizur; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Haque, Md. Emdadul; Mridha, Malay
Objectives: Non-communicable diseases (NCD) and their risk factors have become a major public health problem worldwide. Understanding NCD risk factors among adolescents is important as many risk behaviors start in this period. In the recently completed round of national nutrition surveillance (NNS 2018–2019), we assessed the prevalence of NCD risk factors among adolescents and the factors associated with the co-presence of multiple risk factors. Methods This study was conducted in 82 randomly selected clusters (57 rural, 15 non-slums urban and 10 slums) from Bangladesh. We interviewed 4761 adolescent boys and 4808 adolescent girls for selected NCD risk factors using the World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS questionnaire. We also measured the height and weight of adolescents. Results The prevalence of insufficient fruits and vegetables intake, inadequate physical activity, any tobacco use, overweight and obesity in adolescent boys and girls was 90.8% and 93.6%, 33.4% and 51.9%, 4.5% and 0.9%, and 7.7% and 11.3%, respectively. The prevalence of one, two and three NCD risk factors among adolescent boys and girls was 55.5% and 42.5%, 35.1% and 48.8%, and 3.5% and 5.9%, respectively. Co-presence of two or more risk factors was higher among adolescent girls and early adolescent girls. For adolescent boys, area of residence (non-slum urban: AOR 2.8, P < 0.001; slum: AOR 1.6, P < 0.001), father's occupation (farmer: AOR 0.70, P = 0.005), and household wealth status (middle quintile, AOR 0.8, P = 0.022) were associated with: co-presence of multiple risk factors. In case of adolescent girls, age (15–19 y: AOR 0.8, P = 0.002), area of residence (non-slum urban: AOR 2.2, P < 0.001; slum: AOR 1.4, P < 0.001), occupation (non-student: AOR 0.6, P < 0.001), maternal education (e.g., partial secondary: AOR: 1.6, P < 0.001), father's occupation (e.g., farmer: AOR 0.6, P < 0.001) were associated with co-presence of multiple risk factors. Conclusions We found a high prevalence of NCD risk factors among adolescent boys and girls in Bangladesh. The co-presence of multiple risk factors was higher among girls than the boys and among early adolescent girls than the late-adolescent girls. The government and others should address these risk factors while implementing programs for improving the health of adolescents in Bangladesh.
Status of the WHO recommended timing and frequency of antenatal care visits in Northern Bangladesh
(PLOS ONE, 11/5/2020) Sarker, Bidhan Krishna; Rahman, Musfikur; Rahman, Tanjina; Rahman, Tawhidur; Khalil, Jubaida Jahan; Hasan, Mehedi; Rahman, Fariya; Ahmed, Anisuddin; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Mridha, Malay Kanti; Rahman, Anisur
Objective: There is dearth of information on the timeliness of antenatal care (ANC) uptake. This study aimed to determine the timely ANC uptake by a medically trained provider (MTP) as per the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations and the country guideline. Methods Cross-sectional survey was done with 2,731 women having livebirth outcome in last one year in Dinajpur, Nilphamari and Rajshahi districts, Bangladesh from August-November,2016. Results About 82%(2,232) women received at least one ANC from a MTP. Overall, 78%(2,142) women received 4 or more ANCs by any provider and 43%(1168) from a MTP. Only 14%(378) women received their first ANC at the 1st trimester by a MTP. As per 4 schedule visits by the WHO FANC model and the country guideline 8%(203) and 20%(543) women respectively received the first 2 timely ANC by a MTP; where only 1%(32) and 3%(72) received the first 3 visits timely and 0.6%(17) and 1%(29) received all the four timely visits. Factors significantly associated with the first two timely visits are: 10 or above years of schooling of women [adj. OR 2.13 (CI: 1.05, 4.30)] and their husbands [adj. OR 2.40 (CI: 1.31, 4.38)], women’s employment [adj. OR 2.32 (CI: 1.43, 3.76)], urban residential status [adj. OR 3.49 (CI: 2.46, 4.95)] and exposure to mass media [adj. OR 1.58 (CI: 1.07, 2.34)] at 95% confidence interval. According to the 2016 WHO ANC model, only 1.5%(40) women could comply with the first two ANC contacts timely by a MTP and no one could comply with all the timely 8 contacts. Conclusion Despite high coverage of ANC utilization, timely ANC visit is low as per both the WHO recommendations and the country guideline. For better understanding, further studies on the timeliness of ANC coverage are required to design feasible intervention for improving maternal and child health.
Use of a Sub-district Hospital for Management of Obstetric Complications in Rural Bangladesh
(1999) Ahmed, Shameem; Islam, Ariful; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Khanum, Parveen A.; Khuda, Barkat-e-
Use of a sub-district hospital for management of obstettric complications in rural Bangladesh
(International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research Bangladesh:Dhaka, 1999) Ahmed, Shameem; Islam, Ariful; Mitra, Dipak Kumar; Khanum, Parveen A.; Barkat-e-Khuda