Browsing by Author "Mistry, Sabuj Kanti"

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A controlled before-and-after perspective on the improving maternal, neonatal, and child survival program in rural Bangladesh: an impact analysis
(© 2016 Public Library of Science, 2016-09) Rahman, Mahfuzar T.; Yunus, Fakir Md; Yunus, Fakir Md; Shah, Rasheduzzaman; Jhohura, Fatema Tuz; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Quayyum, Tasmeen; Aktar, Bachera; Afsana, Kaosar
Objectives We evaluated the impact of the Improving Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Survival (IMNCS) project, which is being implemented by BRAC in rural communities in Bangladesh. Methods Four districts received program intervention i.e. trained community health workers to deliver essential maternal, neonatal, and child healthcare and nutrition services while two districts were treated as comparison group. A quasi-experimental study design (compared beforeand-after) was undertaken. Baseline survey was conducted in 2008 among 7200 women followed by end line in 2012 among 4800 women with similar characteristics in the same villages. We evaluated maternal antenatal and post natal checkup, birth plans and delivery, complication and referred cases during antenatal checkup and post natal period, and child health indicators such as birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, and its management by the medically trained provider. Findings Increased number (four or more) antenatal visits, skill-birth attended delivery and postnatal visits (three or more) in the intervention group preceding four-year intervention period were observed compare to their counterpart. We noted negative difference-in-difference estimator (-5.0%, P = 0.159) regarding to the all major birth plans i.e. delivery place, birth attendant, and saved money in the comparison areas. Significant reduction of ante-partum and intra-partum complications occurred in the intervention group, contrary complications of such event increased in the comparison areas (-6.3%, P<0.05 and-20.5%, P<0.001 respectively). Referral case to the health centers due to these complications boosted significantly in intervention group than comparison group (2.3%, P<0.01 and 6.6%, P<0.001 respectively). Mother's knowledge of breastfeeding initiation and the practice of initiating breastfeeding within an hour of birth amplified significantly (14.6%, P<0.001 and 8.3%, P<0.001 respectively). We did not find any significant difference regards to the management of low birth weight by the medically trained health care provider and complete vaccination between the intervention and comparison arm. Conclusion Medically trained health care provider assisted community based public health intervention could increase number of antenatal and postnatal visit, thereby could decrease pregnancy associated complications. These interventions may be considered for further up scaling when resources are limited.
A controlled before-and-after perspective on the improving maternal, neonatal, and child survival program in rural Bangladesh: an impact analysis
(© 2016 Public Library of Science, 2016-09) Rahman, Mahfuzar T.; Yunus, Fakir Md; Yunus, Fakir Md; Shah, Rasheduzzaman; Jhohura, Fatema Tuz; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Quayyum, Tasmeen; Aktar, Bachera; Afsana, Kaosar
Objectives We evaluated the impact of the Improving Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Survival (IMNCS) project, which is being implemented by BRAC in rural communities in Bangladesh. Methods Four districts received program intervention i.e. trained community health workers to deliver essential maternal, neonatal, and child healthcare and nutrition services while two districts were treated as comparison group. A quasi-experimental study design (compared beforeand-after) was undertaken. Baseline survey was conducted in 2008 among 7200 women followed by end line in 2012 among 4800 women with similar characteristics in the same villages. We evaluated maternal antenatal and post natal checkup, birth plans and delivery, complication and referred cases during antenatal checkup and post natal period, and child health indicators such as birth asphyxia, neonatal sepsis, and its management by the medically trained provider. Findings Increased number (four or more) antenatal visits, skill-birth attended delivery and postnatal visits (three or more) in the intervention group preceding four-year intervention period were observed compare to their counterpart. We noted negative difference-in-difference estimator (-5.0%, P = 0.159) regarding to the all major birth plans i.e. delivery place, birth attendant, and saved money in the comparison areas. Significant reduction of ante-partum and intra-partum complications occurred in the intervention group, contrary complications of such event increased in the comparison areas (-6.3%, P<0.05 and-20.5%, P<0.001 respectively). Referral case to the health centers due to these complications boosted significantly in intervention group than comparison group (2.3%, P<0.01 and 6.6%, P<0.001 respectively). Mother's knowledge of breastfeeding initiation and the practice of initiating breastfeeding within an hour of birth amplified significantly (14.6%, P<0.001 and 8.3%, P<0.001 respectively). We did not find any significant difference regards to the management of low birth weight by the medically trained health care provider and complete vaccination between the intervention and comparison arm. Conclusion Medically trained health care provider assisted community based public health intervention could increase number of antenatal and postnatal visit, thereby could decrease pregnancy associated complications. These interventions may be considered for further up scaling when resources are limited.
A Rapid Review of Opportunities and Challenges in the Implementation of Social Prescription Interventions for Addressing the Unmet Needs of Individuals Living with Long-term Chronic Conditions
(Springer Nature, 2024-01-02) Yadav, Uday Narayan; Paudel, Grish; Ghimire, Saruna; Khatiwada, Bhushan; Gurung, Ashmita; Parsekar, Shradha S.; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti
People with long-term chronic conditions often struggle to access and navigate complex health and social services. Social prescription (SP) interventions, a patient-centred approach, help individuals identify their holistic needs and increase access to non-clinical resources, thus leading to improved health and well-being. This review explores existing SP interventions for people with long-term chronic conditions and identifies the opportunities and challenges of implementing them in primary healthcare settings.
A Tale of Osteoarthritis Among Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh
(Daffodil International University, 2022-09-20) Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Ali, A. R. M. Mehrab; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Gupta, Rajat Das; Anwar, Afsana; Basu, Saurav; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Mitra, Dipak Kumar
Background Due to restrictions in social gatherings imposed due to the pandemic, physical and other daily activities were limited among the older adults. The present study aimed to estimate the change in osteoarthritis prevalence among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. Methods This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted through telephone interviews among older adults aged 60 years and above on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021) during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The prevalence of osteoarthritis was measured by asking the participants if they had osteoarthritis or joint pain problems. Results A total of 2077 participants (1032 in 2020-survey and 1045 in 2021-survey) participated in the study. The prevalence of self-reported joint pains or osteoarthritis significantly increased from 45.3% in 2020 to 54.7% in 2021 (P = 0.006), with an increasing odd in the adjusted analysis (aOR 1.27, 95% CI 1.04–1.54). We also found that osteoarthritis prevalence significantly increased among the participants from the Chattogram and Mymensingh divisions, aged 60–69 years, males, married, rural residents, and living with a family. A significant increase was also documented among those who received formal schooling, had a family income of 5000–10000 BDT, resided with a large family, were unemployed or retired, and lived away from a health facility. Conclusions Our study reported a significant increased prevalence of osteoarthritis among older adults from 2020 to 2021 during this pandemic in Bangladesh. This study highlights the need for the development and implementation of initiatives for the screening and management of osteoarthritis through a primary health care approach during any public health emergencies.
Anxiety and Stress Related to COVID-19 Among the Community Dwelling Older Adults Residing in the Largest Refugee Camp of the World
(Springer, 2023-03-06) Anwar, Afsana; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Das, Sukanta; Rosenbaum, Simon; Ali, A. R. M. Mehrab; Mondal, Probal Kumar; Rizwan, Abu Ansar Md.; Hossain, Syed Far Abid; Shuvo, Suvasish Das; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti
The current cross-sectional study was conducted among 864 older adults aged ≥ 60 years residing in Rohingya refugee camp through face-to-face interviews during November–December 2021. COVID-19-related anxiety was measured using the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and perceived stress using the 10-point Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). The linear regression model identified the factors associated with COVID-19-related anxiety and perceived stress. The prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and perceived stress was 68% and 93%, respectively. The average COVID-19-related anxiety score expected to be significantly higher among those who were physically inactive, concerned about COVID-19, had a close friend/family member diagnosed with COVID-19, and had some difficulty in getting food and routine medical care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Meanwhile, the average perceived stress score was expected to be significantly higher among those without partners, who were feeling overwhelmed by COVID-19, and who experienced COVID-19-related anxiety during the pandemic. The findings suggest providing immediate psychosocial support to older Rohingya adults.
Assessment of Mental Well-being and Its Socio-economic Determinants Among Older Adults in the Rohingya Refugee Camp of Bangladesh
(Springer Nature, 2024-08-02) Anwar, Afsana; Akter, Nahida; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Ghimire, Saruna; Bhattacharjee, Shovon; Eusufzai, Sumaiya Zabin; Mahumud, Rashidul Alam; Ali, A. R. M. Mehrab; Huda, Md Nazmul; Majumder, Md Saiful Islam; Zahid, Arnob; Mondal, Probal Kumar; Rizwan, Abu Ansar Md; Shuvo, Suvasish Das; Simon Rosenbaum; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti
Older adults residing in refugee settlements with unhealthy living environments, inadequate access to health care services, and limited psychosocial support are vulnerable to experience mental health problems jeopardizing their mental well-being. The present study aims to explore the mental well-being status and its socio-economic determinants among the older adults living in the Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged ≥ 60 residing in five sub-camps within the Rohingya refugee camp of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted between November and December 2021. The 14-item Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale was used to assess mental well-being. A cumulated score was derived using the scale ranging from 14 to 70, with higher scores indicating greater levels of mental well-being. A generalized linear regression model was used to examine the socio-economic factors associated with the mental well-being of older adults. A total of 864 older adults participated in the study having a mean mental well-being score of 45.4. Regression analysis revealed that the difference in the logs of mental well-being score was expected to be significantly lower among participants aged 70–79 years (β: − 1.661; 95% CI: − 2.750 to − 0.572; p = 0.003), aged ≥ 80 years (β: − 3.198; 95% CI: − 5.114 to − 1.282; p = 0.001), and those with any non-communicable chronic conditions (β: − 2.903; 95% CI: − 3.833 to − 1.974; p < 0.001) when compared to their counterparts. Conversely, the difference in the logs of mental well-being score was expected to be significantly higher among individuals with formal schooling (β: 3.370, 95% CI: 1.855 to 4.886, p < 0.001) and those having additional income besides aid (β: 1.629; 95% CI: 0.642 to 2.615; p = 0.001), compared to their respective counterparts. Our findings highlight the need to provide psychosocial assistance to older individuals, particularly those who live in large families, suffer from chronic diseases, and live in socio-economic deprivation.
: Assessment of mental well-being and its socio-economic determinants among older adults in the Rohingya refugee camp of Bangladesh
(Scopus, 2024-08-02) Anwar, Afsana; Akter, Nahida; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Ghimire, Saruna; Bhattacharjee, Shovon; Eusufzai, Sumaiya Zabin; Mahumud, Rashidul Alam; Ali, A. R. M. Mehrab; Huda, Md Nazmul; Rosenbaum, Simon; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti
Older adults residing in refugee settlements with unhealthy living environments, inadequate access to health care services, and limited psychosocial support are vulnerable to experience mental health problems jeopardizing their mental well-being. The present study aims to explore the mental well-being status and its socio-economic determinants among the older adults living in the Rohingya refugee camp in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged ≥ 60 residing in five sub-camps within the Rohingya refugee camp of Cox’s Bazar, Bangladesh. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews conducted between November and December 2021. The 14-item Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale was used to assess mental well-being. A cumulated score was derived using the scale ranging from 14 to 70, with higher scores indicating greater levels of mental well-being. A generalized linear regression model was used to examine the socio-economic factors associated with the mental well-being of older adults. A total of 864 older adults participated in the study having a mean mental well-being score of 45.4. Regression analysis revealed that the difference in the logs of mental well-being score was expected to be significantly lower among participants aged 70–79 years (β: − 1.661; 95% CI: − 2.750 to − 0.572; p = 0.003), aged ≥ 80 years (β: − 3.198; 95% CI: − 5.114 to − 1.282; p = 0.001), and those with any non-communicable chronic conditions (β: − 2.903; 95% CI: − 3.833 to − 1.974; p < 0.001) when compared to their counterparts. Conversely, the difference in the logs of mental well-being score was expected to be significantly higher among individuals with formal schooling (β: 3.370, 95% CI: 1.855 to 4.886, p < 0.001) and those having additional income besides aid (β: 1.629; 95% CI: 0.642 to 2.615; p = 0.001), compared to their respective counterparts. Our findings highlight the need to provide psychosocial assistance to older individuals, particularly those who live in large families, suffer from chronic diseases, and live in socio-economic deprivation.
Challenges and Opportunities for Implementing Digital Health Interventions in Nepal
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-25) Parajuli, Rojina; Bohara, Dipak; KC, Malati; Shanmuganathan, Selvanaayagam; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Yadav, Uday Narayan
Background: In recent times, digital technologies in health care have been well recognized in Nepal. It is crucial to understand what is works well and areas that need improvements in the digital health ecosystem. This rapid review was carried out to provide an overview of Nepal's challenges and opportunities for implementing digital health interventions. Methods: This study is reported according to PRISMA guidelines and used telehealth, telemedicine, e-health, mobile health, digital health, implementation, opportunities, challenges and Nepal as key search terms to identify primary studies published between 1 January 2010 and 30 December 2021 in four databases, namely PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, and CINAHL. Initially, identified studies were screened against predetermined selection criteria, and data were extracted, and the findings were narratively synthesized. Result: The review identified various challenges, opportunities, and benefits of implementing digital health initiatives in Nepal. The most expressed challenge was inadequate technical facilities (lack of electricity and internet) and rugged geographical distribution, which makes transportation difficult in hilly and mountain areas. Shortage of skilled workforce and supportive policies were also notable challenges documented. Meanwhile, major opportunities identified were education and training of the students and health practitioners and increasing awareness among the general population. Conclusion: This review identified various factors associated with the successful implementation of digital health initiatives in Nepal. Our findings may guide the formulation of digital health policy and interventions to improve mass health outcomes using digital health services.
Changes in Loneliness Prevalence and Its Associated Factors Among Bangladeshi Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Scopus, 22-11-04) Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Ali, A. R. M. Mehrab; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Khanam, Fouzia; Huda, Nazmul
Aims Worldwide, loneliness is one of the most common psychological phenomena among older adults, adversely affecting their physical and mental health conditions during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to assess changes in the prevalence of loneliness in the two timeframes (first and second waves of COVID-19 in Bangladesh) and identify its correlates in pooled data. Methods This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021), overlapping with the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The survey was conducted remotely through telephone interviews among 2077 (1032 in the 2020-survey and 1045 in the 2021-survey) older Bangladeshi adults aged 60 years and above. Loneliness was measured using the 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale. The binary logistic regression model was used to identify the factors associated with loneliness in pooled data. Results We found a decline in the loneliness prevalence among the participants in two survey rounds (51.5% in 2021 versus 45.7% in 2020; P = 0.008), corresponding to 33% lower odds in the 2021-survey (AOR 0.67, 95% CI 0.54–0.84). Still, nearly half of the participants were found to be lonely in the latest survey. We also found that, compared to their respective counterparts, the odds of loneliness were significantly higher among the participants without a partner (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.20–2.08), with a monthly family income less than 5000 BDT (AOR 2.34, 95% CI 1.58–3.47), who lived alone (AOR 2.17, 95% CI 1.34–3.51), with poor memory or concentration (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.23–2.03), and suffering from non-communicable chronic conditions (AOR 1.55, 95% CI 1.23–1.95). Various COVID-19-related characteristics, such as concern about COVID-19 (AOR 1.28, 95% CI 0.94–1.73), overwhelm by COVID-19 (AOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.14–2.06), difficulty earning (AOR 2.00, 95% CI 1.54–2.59), and receiving routine medical care during COVID-19 (AOR 2.08, 95% CI 1.61–2.68), and perception that the participants required additional care during the pandemic (AOR 2.93, 95% CI 2.27–3.79) were also associated with significantly higher odds of loneliness. However, the odds of loneliness were significantly lower among the participants with formal schooling (AOR 0.71, 95% CI 0.57–0.89) and with a family of more than four members (AOR 0.76, 95% CI 0.60–0.96). Conclusions The current study found a decreased prevalence of loneliness among Bangladeshi older adults during the ongoing pandemic. However, the prevalence is still very high. The findings suggest the need for mental health interventions that may include improving social interactions increasing opportunities for meaningful social connections with family and community members and providing psychosocial support to the vulnerable population including older adults during the pandemic. It also suggests that policymakers and public health practitioners should emphasis providing mental health services at the peripheral level where the majority of older adults reside.
Changes in Prevalence and Determinants of Self-Reported Hypertension Among Bangladeshi Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Scopus, 22-10-18) Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Ali, ARM Mehrab; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Khanam, Fouzia; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Lim, David; Chowdhury, ABM Alauddin; Sarma, Haribondhu
The present study aimed to assess the changes in the prevalence and determinants of self-reported hypertension among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This repeated cross-sectional study was conducted on two successive occasions (October 2020 and September 2021), overlapping the first and second waves of the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. The survey was conducted through telephone interviews among Bangladeshi older adults aged 60 years and above. The prevalence of hypertension was measured by asking a question about whether a doctor or health professional told the participants that they have hypertension or high blood pressure and/or whether they are currently using medication to control it. We also collected information on the socio-economic characteristics of the participants, their cognitive ability, and their COVID-19-related attributes. A total of 2077 older adults with a mean age of 66.7 ± 6.4 years participated in the study. The samples were randomly selected on two successive occasions from a pre-established registry developed by the ARCED Foundation. Thus, the sample in the 2021-survey (round two; n = 1045) was not the same as that in the 2020-survey (round one; n = 1031) but both were drawn from the same population. The findings revealed that the prevalence of hypertension significantly increased across the two periods (43.7% versus 56.3%; p = 0.006). The odds of hypertension were 1.34 times more likely in round two than in the round one cohort (AOR 1.34, 95% CI 1.06-1.70). We also found that having formal schooling, poorer memory or concentration, and having had received COVID-19 information were all associated with an increased risk of hypertension in both rounds (p < 0.05). The findings of the present study suggest providing immediate support to ensure proper screening, control, and treatment of hypertension among older adults in Bangladesh.
ChatGPT and Global Public Health: Applications, Challenges, Ethical Considerations and Mitigation Strategies
(Elsevier, 2023) Parray, Ateeb Ahmad; Inam, Zuhrat Mahfuza; Ramonfaur, Diego; Haider, Shams Shabab; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Pandya, Apurva Kumar
The advancement of deep learning and artificial intelligence has resulted in the development of state-of-the-art language models, such as ChatGPT. This technology can analyze large amounts of data, identify patterns, and assist in the analysis and understanding of risk factors for diseases. Despite its potential, the applications, challenges, and ethical considerations have not been yet fully explored in global health research. This paper examines the applications of ChatGPT in global health research, assesses the challenges in its use, and proposes mitigation strategies. Additionally, it describes the ethical considerations around the use of ChatGPT in global health research and suggests potential avenues for addressing these issues. This paper summarizes that it is crucial to understand the capabilities and limitations of this technology in order to fully realize its potential and ensure its responsible integration into global health research.
COVID-19 Related Anxiety and Its Associated Factors: a Cross-Sectional Study on Older Adults in Bangladesh
(Scopus, 22-11-28) Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Ali, Arm Mehrab; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Das, Sukanta; Akter, Nahida; Huda, Md Nazmul; Hadisuyatmana, Setho; Rahman, Sajedur; Lim, David; Rahman, Mohammad Mahmudur
Abstract: Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in serious mental health conditions, particularly among older adults. This research explored the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety and its associated factors among older adults residing in Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 1,045 older Bangladeshi adults aged ≥ 60 years through telephone interviews in September 2021. A semi-structured interview schedule was used to collect data on participants' characteristics and COVID-19-related anxiety. The anxiety level was measured using the Bengali version of the five-point Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS). A linear regression model explored the factors associated with COVID-19-related anxiety. Results: Overall, the prevalence of COVID-19-related anxiety was 23.2%. The regression analysis revealed that the average COVID-19-related anxiety score was significantly higher among females (β: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.05 to 0.81), and among those who faced difficulty getting medicine (β: 0.57, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.97), felt isolated (β: 0.60, 95% CI: 0.24 to 0.95), and felt requiring additional care during the pandemic (β: 0.53, 95% CI: 0.16 to 0.91). Alternatively, the average COVID-19-related anxiety score was significantly lower among those who were widowed (β: -0.46, 95% CI: -0.87 to -0.04) and living distant from the health centre (β: -0.48, 95% CI: -0.79 to -0.17). Conclusion: The findings of the present study suggest providing immediate psychosocial support package to the older adults, particularly females and those who are vulnerable to receive health and social care support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh.
COVID-19-Related Stigma Among Older Adults Residing in the Rohingya Refugee Camps in Bangladesh
(American Psychological Association, 2023-07-16) Anwar, Afsana; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Ghimire, Saruna; Rahman, Mahmudur; Ali, A. R. M. Mehrab; Mahumud, Rashidul Alam; Shuvo, Suvasish Das; Nowar, Abira; Mondal, Probal Kumar; Rizwan, Abu Ansar Md.; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti
The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic and its overwhelming physical and mental health burden can stigmatize those affected. This study aimed to assess the prevalence of COVID-19-related stigma and its associated factors among the older people residing in the Rohingya refugee camps of Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 864 older adults aged 60 years and above residing in selected Rohingya refugee camps in Bangladesh. The data were collected using face-to-face interviews conducted between November and December 2021. COVID-19-related stigma was measured using the eight-item Stigma Scale adapted to the Rakhine language. A linear regression model was used to identify the factors associated with COVID-19-related stigma among the participants. Participants, on average, had stigmas on three items and 52.8% had a high COVID-19-related stigma score. The average stigma score was higher among the participants who had formal schooling (β = 0.58, 95% CI [0.21, 0.94]), was dependent on family for a living (β = 0.41, 95% CI [0.12, 0.74]), resided away from health center (β = 0.25, 95% CI [0.01, 0.50]), whose family income decreased during the pandemic (β = 0.27, 95% CI [0.03, 0.51]), had close friends or family members previously diagnosed with COVID-19 (β = 1.64, 95% CI [1.08, 2.20]), and had less communication during the pandemic (β = 1.80, 95% CI [1.24, 2.34]). The study findings suggest raising awareness among the older population on COVID-19 and the mitigating strategies to deal with physical and mental well-being through appropriate health literacy interventions and mass media campaigns in Rohingya camps. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
Determinants of early initiation of breastfeeding in Ethiopia: A population based study using the 2016 demographic and health survey data
(BMC, 9/13/2019) John, James Rufus; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Kebede, Getahun; Manohar, Narendar; Arora, Amit
Background: Timely breastfeeding initiation is a simple but important measure that has protective effects on infants and mothers. This study aims to determine the predictors of early breastfeeding initiation among mothers residing in Ethiopia. Methods: This study employed the 2016 Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total of 5546 children born during the last 24 months at the time of survey were included for analysis from nine regional states and two city administration areas. Socio-demographic and socio-economic factors including individual, household and community-level factors were examined of their significance against the outcome variable of early initiation of breastfeeding using a mixed-effect logistic regression model. Results: The proportion of infants who had timely initiation of breastfeeding was 74.3% (n = 3064). In the multivariate logistic regression analysis, mothers who delivered with assistance of one or more health professionals had 68% (AOR 1.68; 95% CI: 1.23, 2.29) higher odds of initiating timely breastfeeding. In addition, mothers delivering by a caesarean section had 86% reduced odds of early breastfeeding initiation (AOR 0.14; 95% CI: 0.09, 0.22) when compared to mothers who had vaginal delivery. In terms of socio-demographic factors, the odds of early breastfeeding initiation were more than two and half times higher particularly for mothers residing particularly in Oromiya (AOR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.84, 3.63) and Southern Nations Nationalities and Peoples (SNNP) (AOR 2.75; 95% CI: 1.86, 4.05). In addition, timely breastfeeding initiation was also significantly associated with wealth index with wealthier mothers having 43% higher odds compared to mothers of poorest households (AOR 1.43; 95% CI: 1.07, 1.92). Other factors such as age, gender and birth order of the infant also had significant associations with early breastfeeding initiation. Conclusion: Early breastfeeding initiation in Ethiopia is inextricably associated with various socio-demographic, biomedical, and socio-economic factors. The study findings can potentially inform mothers and the wider community on the benefits of timely breastfeeding initiation and policymakers and community leaders to target health promotional interventions and resources where needed.
Exploring Factors Associated With Women’s Willingness To Provide Digital Fingerprints in Accessing Healthcare Services
(MDPI, 2021-12-21) Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Akter, Fahmida; Hossain, Md. Belal; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Irfan, Nafis Md.; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Storisteanu, Daniel M. L.; Arora, Amit
Digital fingerprints are increasingly used for patient care and treatment delivery, health system monitoring and evaluation, and maintaining data integrity during health research. Yet, no evidence exists about the use of fingerprinting technologies in maternal healthcare services in urban slum contexts, globally. The present study aimed to explore the recently delivered women’s willingness to give digital fingerprints to community health workers to access healthcare services in the urban slums of Bangladesh and identify the associated factors. Employing a two-stage cluster random sampling procedure, we chose 458 recently delivered women from eight randomly selected urban slums of Dhaka city, Bangladesh. Chi-square tests were performed for descriptive analyses, and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the factors associated with willingness to provide fingerprints. Overall, 78% of the participants reported that they were willing to provide digital fingerprints if that eased access to healthcare services. After adjusting for potential confounders, the sex of the household head, family type, and household wealth status were significantly associated with the willingness to provide fingerprints to access healthcare services. The study highlighted the potentials of using fingerprints for making healthcare services accessible. Focus is needed for female-headed households, women from poor families, and engaging husbands and in-laws in mobile health programs.
Exploring the pathways between depression, anxiety, stress, and quality of life on life satisfaction: a path analysis approach
(2024-12-21) Yadav, Uday Narayan; Ghimire, Saruna; Mehta, Ranju; Karmacharya, Isha; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Mehrab Ali, Arm; Yadav, Om Prakash; Tamang, Man Kumar
Life satisfaction, one promising health asset, is associated with reduced risk of several chronic diseases and mortality. Mental health conditions and quality of life (QoL) are important aspects of well-being in late life and are significantly associated with life satisfaction. Despite the complex interrelationships between mental health, QoL and life satisfaction, the current literature has evaluated the simple association between them and failed to consider the complex pathways among these variables, especially among the older population. Hence, this study explores the pathways between mental health conditions (depression, anxiety, and stress), QoL and life satisfaction among older adults in eastern Nepal. This cross-sectional study was conducted in eastern Nepal via face-to-face interviews with 847 older adults selected by multi-stage cluster sampling. The 5-item Satisfaction with Life Scale and 13-item Older People's QoL scale assessed life satisfaction and QoL, respectively. The 21-item Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale measured mental health conditions. The relationship between QoL, depression, anxiety, and stress with life satisfaction was first evaluated using linear regression, subsequently by path analysis. The mean (± SD) life satisfaction and QoL score were 19.7 (± 5.3) and 42.9 (± 7.1), respectively. More than one-fifth of the participants had moderate to severe depression (30%), anxiety (34%), and stress (20%). In adjusted regression analysis, QoL was positively associated (β: 0.44; 95% CI: 0.40 to 0.48) with life satisfaction, whereas depression, anxiety, and stress were inversely associated. In the path analysis, the relationship between depression and stress with life satisfaction was mediated by QoL. Depression was indirectly related to life satisfaction (mediated by QoL, β = -0.25), whereas stress was both directly (β = -0.11) and indirectly (mediated by QoL, β = -0.08) related to life satisfaction. Given the high mental health burden among the older Nepali population and its potential impact on life satisfaction and QoL, routine screening for mental health should be encouraged in clinical practice. Additionally, community-based interventions and mental health promotion programs should be launched at regional and local levels.
Household Drinking Water E. coli Contamination and Its Associated Risk with Childhood Diarrhea in Bangladesh
(Daffodil International University, 2022-01-11) Khan, Jahidur Rahman; Hossain, Md. Belal; Chakraborty, Promit Ananyo; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti
Faecal contamination (by Escherichia coli [E. coli]) of household drinking water can have adverse effects on child health, particularly increasing the episodes of childhood diarrhea; however, the evidence is scanty in Bangladesh. This study utilised data from the most recent nationally representative 2019 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey to investigate the relationship between E. coli concentration in household drinking water and diarrheal episodes among children aged under-5 years in Bangladesh. Childhood diarrhea was identified by asking the children’s mothers or caregivers if they had a diarrheal episode in the 2 weeks preceding the survey. E. coli colonies were counted as colony-forming units (CFUs) per 100 ml of water and classified into three risk groups (low: < 1 CFU/100 ml; moderate: 1–10 CFU/100 ml; and high: > 10 CFU/100 ml). The design-adjusted logistic regression was used to estimate the association between drinking water E. coli risk groups and childhood diarrhea, adjusting for potential confounders. We observed a significant association between household drinking water E. coli contamination and diarrheal episodes among under-5 children. Compared to the children from households with a low risk of E. coli contamination in drinking water, children from households with a moderate risk of E. coli contamination were 1.68 times more likely to have diarrhea, which was 2.28 times among children from households with a high risk of E. coli contamination. Findings of the study have significant policy implications and urge to ensure safe water supplies, improve water management practices and modify hygiene behaviours to reduce episodes of childhood diarrhea.
Implications of Updated Protocol for Classification of Childhood Malnutrition and Service Delivery in World’s Largest Refugee Camp Amid This COVID-19 Pandemic
(Daffodil International University, 2022-01-12) Anwar, Afsana; Mondal, Probal Kumar; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Shamim, Abu Ahmed; Rizwan, Abu Ansar Md.; Mistry, Sabuj Kanti
Objectives: During the COVID-19 pandemic, the authorities made a change in the classification of malnutrition and concomitant service delivery protocol among the Rohingya children, residing in world's largest refugee camp, located in Cox's Bazar, Bangladesh. In this paper, we discussed the potential implications of this updated protocol on the malnutrition status among children residing in the Rohingya camps. Design: This paper reviewed relevant literature and authors' own experience to provide a perspective of the updated protocol for the classification of malnutrition among the children in the Rohingya camps and its implication from a broader perspective. Setting: Rohingya refugee camps, Bangladesh. Participants: Children aged less than five years residing in the Rohingya camps. Results: Major adaptation during this COVID-19 was the discontinuation of using weight-for-height z-score (WHZ) and the use of only mid upper arm circumference (MUAC) and presence of oedema for admission, follow-up and discharge of malnourished children in the camps. However, evidence suggests that use of MUAC only can underestimate the prevalence of malnutrition among the children in Rohingya camps. These apparently non-malnourished children are devoid of the rations that they would otherwise receive if classified as malnourished, making them susceptible to more severe malnutrition. Conclusions: Our analysis suggests that policymakers should consider using the original protocol of using both MUAC and WHZ to classify malnutrition and retain the guided ration size. We also believe that it would not take an extra effort to adopt the original guideline as even with MUAC only guideline, certain health measures needed to adopt during this pandemic.
Inequity in Access and Delivery of Virtual Care Interventions
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-01) Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; Shaw, Miranda; Raffan, Freya; Johnson, George; Perren, Katelyn; Shoko, Saito; Harris-Roxas, Ben; Haigh, Fiona
The objectives of this review were to map and summarize the existing evidence from a global perspective about inequity in access and delivery of virtual care interventions and to identify strategies that may be adopted by virtual care services to address these inequities. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL using both medical subject headings (MeSH) and free-text keywords for empirical studies exploring inequity in ambulatory services offered virtually. Forty-one studies were included, most of them cross-sectional in design. Included studies were extracted using a customized extraction tool, and descriptive analysis was performed. The review identified widespread differences in accessing and using virtual care interventions among cultural and ethnic minorities, older people, socioeconomically disadvantaged groups, people with limited digital and/or health literacy, and those with limited access to digital devices and good connectivity. Potential solutions addressing these barriers identified in the review included having digitally literate caregivers present during virtual care appointments, conducting virtual care appointments in culturally sensitive manner, and having a focus on enhancing patients' digital literacy. We identified evidence-based practices for virtual care interventions to ensure equity in access and delivery for their virtual care patients.
Loneliness and Its Correlates Among Bangladeshi Older Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Springer, 22-08-26) Mistry, Sabuj Kanti; MehrabAli, A. R. M.; Yadav, Uday Narayan; Huda, Md. Nazmul; Ghimire, Saruna; Saha, Manika; Sarwar, Sneha; Harris, Mark F.
The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of loneliness and its associated factors among older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic in Bangladesh. This cross-sectional study was conducted in October 2020 among 1032 older Bangladeshi adults aged 60 years and above through telephone interviews. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect information on participants’ characteristics and COVID-19-related information. Meanwhile, the level of loneliness was measured using a 3-item UCLA Loneliness scale. More than half (51.5%) of the older adults experienced loneliness. We found that participants formally schooled [adjusted odds ratio (aOR= 0.62, 95% CI 0.43–0.88)] and received COVID-19-related information from health workers (aOR= 0.33, 95% CI 0.22–0.49) had lower odds of being lonely during the pandemic. However, older adults living alone (aOR: 2.57, 95% CI 1.34–4.94), residing distant from a health facility (aOR= 1.46, 95% CI 1.02–2.08) and in rural areas (aOR= 1.53, 95% CI 1.02–2.23) had higher odds of loneliness than their counterparts. Likewise, odds of loneliness were higher among those overwhelmed by COVID-19 (aOR= 1.93, 95% CI 1.29–2.86), who faced difculty in earning (aOR= 1.77, 95% CI 1.18–2.67) and receiving routine medical care during pandemic (aOR= 2.94, 95% CI 1.78–4.87), and those perceiving requiring additional care during the pandemic (aOR= 6.01, 95% CI 3.80–9.49). The fndings suggest that policies and plans should be directed to reduce loneliness among older adults who require additional care. Loneliness is one of the most common psychological issues encountered by the older population worldwide1 . Loneliness is an emotional and mental state2 that an individual faces in terms of subjective feelings of stress3 , sadness, low self-esteem4 , and hopelessness5 . Globally, around one-third of the older adults reported being lonely6 . A high level of loneliness has negative health consequences, including increased risk for heart disease, stroke, premature death, mental stress, chronic depression, dementia, and even a tendency to suicide7–10. Evidence suggests that the sense of loneliness raises stroke and dementia risk by 30% and 50%, respectively11. Among the older population (aged 60 years and above), loneliness can result in serious public health consequences, including increased hospital visits12, decreased quality of life13, and mortality14. According to a meta-analysis, among older adults, loneliness increases the risk of all-cause mortality by 26%7 . Te older population is at increased risk for COVID-19 and associated physical and mental health consequences and deaths15. More than half of the COVID-19 deaths in China, Italy16, and India17, and almost 39% in Bangladesh18 were reported among the older population. Tey are also disproportionately afected by loneliness during this pandemic19,20. In line with this, recent evidence indicating a drastic increase in the global prevalence of mental health-related issues21–23. A longitudinal study conducted on US adults aged 50–80 years reported that the prevalence of isolation was more than doubled in 2020 compared to 2018 (56% vs. 27% in 2018)24. Te most commonly reported factors associated with loneliness among older people include chronic diseases, retirement OPEN 1 ARCED Foundation, 13/1 Pallabi, Mirpur‑12, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 2 Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. 3 BRAC James P Grant School of Public Health, BRAC University, Medona Tower, Bir Uttam AK Khandakar Road, Dhaka 1213, Bangladesh. 4 National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia. 5 Translational Health Research Institute, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbeltown, NSW 2560, Australia. 6 Department of Sociology and Gerontology and Scripps Gerontology Center, Miami University, Oxford, OH, USA. 7 Department of Human‑Centred Computing, Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3145, Australia. 8 Institute of Nutrition and Food Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh. 9 Department of Public Health, Dafodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh. *email: [email protected] from work, staying alone away from children and family, widowhood, lack of social engagement and entertainment activities, sedentary lifestyle25, and physical disabilities26,27. In Bangladesh, the frst COVID-19 case was reported at the beginning of March 2020, and since then, the cases have constantly been increasing28. As of 13 July 2022, there were more than 1,992,058 confrmed COVID19 cases with 29,217 deaths related to COVID-19 in Bangladesh29. Te government of Bangladesh implemented restrictive measures such as lockdown and shutdowns30 to control the spread of the infection. While important to curb the spread of the infection, such measures also resulted in increased discomfort in getting everyday necessities and health care, in addition to creating an environment not conducive to mental health28. Some recent studies also documented increased mental health conditions such as stress, anxiety, fear, and depression among the older population in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic31–34. However, no study has explored the level of loneliness among the older population in Bangladesh during the COVID-19 pandemic, who are one of the most vulnerable population groups to the ongoing pandemic. Terefore, the present study aimed to investigate the prevalence of loneliness and its associated factors among older Bangladeshi adults amid the COVID-19 pandemic.