Browsing by Author "Mathew, Bijo"

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Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease
(Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2019) Kabir, Md Tanvir; Uddin, Md Sahab; Begum, Mst Marium; Thangapandiyan, Shanmugam; Rahman, Md Sohanur; Aleya, Lotfi; Mathew, Bijo; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Barreto, George E; Ashraf, Ghulam Md
In the brain, acetylcholine (ACh) is regarded as one of the major neurotransmitters. During the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cholinergic deficits occur and this can lead to extensive cognitive dysfunction and decline. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly feasible target for the symptomatic improvement of AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly viable target for the symptomatic improvement in AD because cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD. The treatment approach of inhibiting peripheral AChE for myasthenia gravis had effectively proven that AChE inhibition was a reachable therapeutic target. Subsequently tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine were developed and approved for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Since then, multiple cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have been continued to be developed. These include newer ChEIs, naturally derived ChEIs, hybrids, and synthetic analogues. In this paper, we summarize the different types of ChEIs which are under development and their respective mechanisms of actions.
Estrogen Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease
(Molecular Neurobiology, Springer, 2020-04-15) Uddin, Md. Sahab; Rahman, Md. Motiar; Jakaria, Md.; Rahman, Md. Sohanur; Hossain, Md. Sarwar; Islam, Ariful; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Mathew, Bijo; Omar, Ulfat Mohammed; Barreto, George E.; Ashraf, Ghulam Md
Estrogens play a crucial physiological function in the brain; however, debates exist concerning the role of estrogens in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Women during pre-, peri-, or menopause periods are more susceptible for developing AD, suggesting the connection of sex factors and a decreased estrogen signaling in AD pathogenesis. Yet, the underlying mechanism of estrogen-mediated neuroprotection is unclarified and is complicated by the existence of estrogen-related factors. Consequently, a deeper analysis of estrogen receptor (ER) expression and estrogen-metabolizing enzymes could interpret the importance of estrogen in age-linked cognitive alterations. Previous studies propose that hormone replacement therapy may attenuate AD onset in postmenopausal women, demonstrating that estrogen signaling is important for the development and progression of AD. For example, ERα exerts neuroprotection against AD by maintaining intracellular signaling cascades and study reported reduced expression of ERα in hippocampal neurons of AD patients. Similarly, reduced expression of ERβ in female AD patients has been associated with abnormal function in mitochondria and improved markers of oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the critical interaction between estrogen signaling and AD. Moreover, we highlight the potential of targeting estrogen-related signaling for therapeutic intervention in AD.
Exploring the Promise of Targeting Ubiquitin-proteasome System to Combat Alzheimer’s Disease
(Neurotoxicity Research, Springer, 2020-03-19) Al Mamun, Abdullah; Uddin, Md. Sahab; Kabir, Md. Tanvir; Khanum, Sayema; Sarwar, Md. Shahid; Mathew, Bijo; Rauf, Abdur; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Md Ashraf, Ghulam
The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) is considered as a central protein degradation system in all eukaryotes. The UPS comprises of several factors such as Ub and Ub-like molecules, Ub hydrolases, E3 Ub ligases, and the proteasome itself. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the dysfunction of UPS plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, current evidence has suggested that the UPS components can be connected with the initial stage of AD that is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, and to the late phases of AD, marked by neurodegeneration. In AD patients, the accumulations of insoluble protein in the brain can be caused by overload or dysfunction of the UPS, or by conformational alterations in the protein substrates that prevent their degradation and recognition by the UPS. Synaptic dysfunction is also caused by defective proteolysis that has found in the initial stage in AD as the UPS is widely recognized to play a pivotal role in the regular activities of synapses. Conversely, its precise cause and pathogenesis are unclear. Presently accepted medicines for AD give symptomatic relief, though they are unable to stop the progression of the disease. Besides, the components of the cellular quality control system demonstrate a significant emphasis on the advancement of targeted and effective treatments for AD. In this review, we focus on the role of UPS in the pathogenesis of AD and highlight how the UPS-linked treatments influence in the management of AD.
Nanotechnology-based Approaches and Investigational Therapeutics Against COVID-19
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-02) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Islam, Mohammad Touhidul; Khan, Md. Robin; Sultana, Sharifa; Maeesa, Saila Kabir; Hasan, Sakib; Hossain, Md. Abid; Ferdous, Kazi Sayma; Mathew, Bijo; Rauf, Abdur; Uddin, Md. Sahab
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the current global pandemic, which first emerged in December 2019. This coronavirus has affected 217 countries worldwide, most of which have enacted non-remedial preventive measures, such as nationwide lockdowns, work from home, travel bans, and social isolation. Pharmacists, doctors, nurses, technologists, and other healthcare professionals have played pivotal roles during this pandemic. Unfortunately, confirmed drugs have not been identified for the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV2; however, favipiravir and remdesivir have been reported as promising antiviral drugs. Some vaccines have already been developed, and vaccination is ongoing globally. Various nanotechnologies are currently being developed in many countries for preventing SARS-CoV-2 spread and treating COVID-19 infections. In this article, we present an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic situation and discuss nanotechnology-based approaches and investigational therapeutics for COVID-19.