Browsing by Author "Mannan, M.A.,"

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    Evaluate All The Order of Every Element in The Higher Even, Odd, and Prime Order of Group for Composition
    (Research Center of Inorganic Materials and Coordination Complexes, FMIPA Universitas Sriwijaya, 2022) Mannan, M.A.,; Akter, H.,; Ullah, M.A.
    This paper aims to treat a study on the order of every element in the higher even, odd and prime order of group for composition. In fact, express order of a group and order of an element of a group in real numbers. Here we discuss the higher order of groups in different types of order, which will give us practical knowledge to see the applications of the composition. In order to find out the order of an element am ∈G in which an = e= identity element, then find the least common multiple (i.e.(LCM))= λ) of m and n. The least common multiple of two numbers is the "smallest non-zero common number," which is a multiple of both the numbers. So O(am)= λ /m. Also, if G is a finite group, n is a positive integer, and a∈G then the order of the products na. When G is a finite group, every element must have finite order, but the converse is false. There are infinite groups where each element has finite order. Finally, find out the order of every element of a group in different types of the higher even, odd and prime order of group for composition.
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    Pyrolysis and co-composting of municipal organic waste in Bangladesh: A quantitative estimate of recyclable nutrients, greenhouse gas emissions, and economic benefits
    (Elsevier Ltd, 2018-05) Mia, S.,; Uddin, M.E.,; Kader, M.A.,; Ahsan, A.,; Mannan, M.A.,; Hossain, M.M.,; Solaiman, Z.M.
    Waste causes environmental pollution and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions when it is not managed sustainably. In Bangladesh, municipal organic waste (MOW) is partially collected and landfilled. Thus, it causes deterioration of the environment urging a recycle-oriented waste management system. In this study, we propose a waste management system through pyrolysis of selective MOW for biochar production and composting of the remainder with biochar as an additive. We estimated the carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) recycling potentials in the new techniques of waste management. Waste generation of a city was calculated using population density and per capita waste generation rate (PWGR). Two indicators of economic development, i.e., gross domestic product (GDP) and per capita gross national income (GNI) were used to adopt PWGR with a projected contribution of 5–20% to waste generation. The projected PWGR was then validated with a survey. The waste generation from urban areas of Bangladesh in 2016 was estimated between 15,507 and 15,888 t day−1 with a large share (∼75%) of organic waste. Adoption of the proposed system could produce 3936 t day−1 biochar blended compost with an annual return of US $210 million in 2016 while it could reduce GHG emission substantially (−503 CO2 e t−1 municipal waste). Moreover, the proposed system would able to recover ∼46%, 54%, 54% and 61% of total C, N, P and K content in the initial waste, respectively. We also provide a projection of waste generation and nutrient recycling potentials for the year 2035. The proposed method could be a self-sustaining policy option for waste management as it would generate ∼US$51 from each tonne of waste. Moreover, a significant amount of nutrients can be recycled to agriculture while contributing to the reduction in environmental pollution and GHG emission.