Browsing by Author "Mamun, Mohammed A."

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A Network Analysis of the Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S)
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-02) Lecuona, Oscar; Lin, Chung-Ying; Rozgonjuk, Dmitri; Norekvål, Tone M.; Iversen, Marjolein M.; Mamun, Mohammed A.; Griffiths, Mark D.; Lin, Ting-I; Pakpour, Amir H.
The rapid spread of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has led to high levels of fear worldwide. Given that fear is an important factor in causing psychological distress and facilitating preventive behaviors, assessing the fear of COVID-19 is important. The seven-item Fear of COVID-19 Scale (FCV-19S) is a widely used psychometric instrument to assess this fear. However, the factor structure of the FCV-19S remains unclear according to the current evidence. Therefore, the present study used a network analysis to provide further empirical evidence for the factor structure of FCV-19S. A total of 24,429 participants from Iran (n = 10,843), Bangladesh (n = 9906), and Norway (n = 3680) completed the FCV-19S in their local language. A network analysis (via regularized partial correlation networks) was applied to investigate the seven FCV-19S items. Moreover, relationships between the FCV-19S items were compared across gender (males vs. females), age groups (18–30 years, 31–50 years, and >50 years), and countries (Iran, Bangladesh, and Norway). A two-factor structure pattern was observed (three items concerning physical factors, including clammy hands, insomnia, and heart palpitations; four items concerning psychosocial factors, including being afraid, uncomfortable, afraid of dying, and anxious about COVID-19 news). Moreover, this pattern was found to be the same among men and women, across age groups and countries. The network analysis used in the present study verified the two-factor structure for the FCV-19S. Future studies may consider using the two-factor structure of FCV-19S to assess the fear of COVID-19 during the COVID-19 era.
A Network Analysis of the Internet Disorder Scale–Short Form (IDS9-SF)
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-09) Mamun, Mohammed A.; Al‑Mamun, Firoj; Ullah, Irfan; Hosen, Ismail; Zia, Syed Ahsan; Poorebrahim, Ali; Pourgholami, Morteza; Lin, Chung‑Ying; Pontes, Halley M.; Griffiths, Mark D.; Pakpour, Amir H.
The Internet Disorder Scale-Short Form (IDS9-SF) is a validated instrument assessing internet disorder which modified the internet gaming disorder criteria proposed in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). However, the relationships between the nine items in the IDS9-SF are rarely investigated. The present study used network analysis to investigate the features of the IDS9-SF among three populations in Bangladesh, Iran, and Pakistan. Data were collected (N = 1901; 957 [50.3%] females; 666 [35.0%] Pakistani, 533 [28.1%] Bangladesh, and 702 [36.9%] Iranians) using an online survey platform (e.g., Google Forms). All the participants completed the IDS9-SF. The central-stability-coefficients of the nine IDS9-SF items were 0.71, 0.89, 0.96, 0.98, 0.98, 1.00, 0.67, 0.79, and 0.91, respectively. The node centrality was stable and interpretable in the network. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) showed that the network structure had no significant differences among Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and Iranian participants (p-values = 0.172 to 0.371). Researchers may also use the IDS9-SF to estimate underlying internet addiction for their target participants and further explore and investigate the phenomenon related to internet addiction.
A Network Analysis of the Internet Disorder Scale–Short Form (IDS9-Sf)
(Springer, 2022-06-09) Mamun, Mohammed A.; Al‑Mamun, Firoj; Ullah, Irfan; Hosen, Ismail; Zia, Syed Ahsan; Poorebrahim, Ali; Pourgholami, Morteza; Lin, Chung‑Ying; Pontes, Halley M.; Griffiths, Mark D.; Pakpour, Amir H.
The Internet Disorder Scale-Short Form (IDS9-SF) is a validated instrument assessing internet disorder which modified the internet gaming disorder criteria proposed in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). However, the relationships between the nine items in the IDS9-SF are rarely investigated. The present study used network analysis to investigate the features of the IDS9-SF among three populations in Bangladesh, Iran, and Pakistan. Data were collected (N = 1901; 957 [50.3%] females; 666 [35.0%] Pakistani, 533 [28.1%] Bangladesh, and 702 [36.9%] Iranians) using an online survey platform (e.g., Google Forms). All the participants completed the IDS9-SF. The central-stability-coefficients of the nine IDS9-SF items were 0.71, 0.89, 0.96, 0.98, 0.98, 1.00, 0.67, 0.79, and 0.91, respectively. The node centrality was stable and interpretable in the network. The Network Comparison Test (NCT) showed that the network structure had no significant differences among Pakistani, Bangladeshi, and Iranian participants (p-values = 0.172 to 0.371). Researchers may also use the IDS9-SF to estimate underlying internet addiction for their target participants and further explore and investigate the phenomenon related to internet addiction.
Antenatal Depression Among Women With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
(Scopus, 22-03-19) Tasnim, Sa’dia; Auny, Farzana Mahzabin; Hassan, Yasseer; Yesmin, Robana; Ara, Ismat; Mohiuddin, Mohammad Sarif; Kaggwa, Mark Mohan; Gozal, David; Mamun, Mohammed A.
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is quite prevalent in low- and middle-income countries, and has been proposed to increase the risk of depression. There is only a prior study assessing antenatal depression among the subjects with GDM in the Bangladesh, which leads this study to be investigated. Objective: To determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms and potential associations among pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out among 105 pregnant women diagnosed with GDM over the period of January to December 2017 in 4- hospitals located in two different cities (Dhaka and Barisal). A semi-structured questionnaire was developed consisting of items related to socio-demographics, reproductive health history, diabetes, anthropometrics, and depression. Results: Mild to severe antenatal depression was present in 36.2% of the subjects (i.e., 14.3%, 19% and 2.9% for mild, moderate and severe depression, respectively). None of the socio-demographic factors were associated with depression, but the history of reproductive health-related issues (i.e., abortion, neonatal death) and uncontrolled glycemic status were associated with the increased risk of depressive disorders. Conclusions: GDM is associated with a high prevalence of depressive symptoms, which is enhanced by poor diabetes control. Thus, in women presenting with GDM, screening for depression should be pursued and treated as needed. Plain English Summary Pregnancy is a highly stressful period in a woman’s life that can also be associated with mental health problems such as depression. Depression is reported in about 16% of pregnant women whereas and such prevalence can double in LMICs (e.g., Bangladesh). In addition, gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has emerged as a common condition afecting approximately 10% of all pregnancies. GDM has also been associated with adverse mental health outcomes, particularly depression. GDM women with antenatal depression are not only at increased risk of poorer quality of life, but are also at increased risk of adverse pregnancy and fetal outcomes, particularly in LMIC. This study investigates the prevalence of depressive symptoms among Bangladeshi pregnant women diagnosed with GDM. It is found that depression was detectable in 36.2% subjects. In addition, a history of reproductive health-related issues (i.e., abortion, neonatal death) and uncontrolled glycemic status were associated with increased risk of depressive disorders.
Correction To: Gambling-Related Suicide in East African Community Countries: Evidence From Press Media Reports
(Scopus, 22-02-08) Munaru, Gideon; Kaggwa, Mark Mohan; Mamun, Mohammed A.; Najjuka, Sarah Maria; Muwanguzi, Moses; Kule, Moses; Nkola, Rahel; Favina, Alain; Kihumuro, Raymond Bernard; Arinaitwe, Innocent; Rukundo, Godfrey Zari; Grifths, Mark D.
Background: Gambling activities and associated mental health problems have become a topic of increased concern globally. Many individuals with a severe gambling disorder have gambling-related suicidality. However, no study has explored gambling-related suicide in East African Community (EAC) countries. The present study investigated the press media reporting of gambling-related suicide cases from EAC countries. Methods: As there is no established suicide database in that region, media reports were utilized to collect gamblingrelated suicide data. Gambling-related suicide case reports were searched for in EAC countries’ press media websites using Google. After removing duplicates, a total of 18 suicides were found. Results: The victims were all males aged 16 to 40 years. The most prevalent reason for the death was university students who had used their university tuition fees for gambling and losing the money (n =4/17). All the suicide deaths were in Kenya (10/18), Uganda (7/18), and Tanzania (1/18). Betting on soccer was the most common type of gambling reported (n =11/15), and hanging was the most used mode of suicide (n =10/16). Conclusions: Based on the press media reports, 18 males were identifed as having carried out gambling-related suicides. The countries with the most widespread opportunities to gamble had more gambling-related suicides, although the number of suicides was very small. Keywords: Gambling, Betting, Uganda, Kenya, East Africa, Suicide, Media reporting suicide, Gambling-related suicide, East African community, Gambling laws
Happiness and Moral Courage Among Iranian Nurses During the COVID-19 Pandemic
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-27) Pirdelkhosh, Maryam; Mohsenipouya, Hossein; Mousavinasab, Nouraddin; Sangani, Alireza; Mamun, Mohammed A.
Background: COVID-19 has become a major global health problem, and healthcare professionals are facing lot of pressure and stress. Accumulated resources and energy obtained via interpersonal relationships is called social capital, which can reduce the negative effects of pressure and stress related to the workplace by impacting happiness and moral courage. This study explored the effect of workplace social capital on moral courage and happiness in nurses working in the COVID-19 wards. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, using a random sampling method, 169 nurses from three hospitals in East Mazandaran province, Iran, participated who worked in COVID-19 wards. The Onyx and Bullen Social Capital Questionnaire, the Sekerka's Moral Courage Scale, and the Oxford Happiness Inventory were used in this study. Descriptive analysis, Pearson correlation analyses, and stepwise multiple regression were performed for data analysis. Results: The mean age of nurses was 31.38 ± 6.82 years. Socio-demographic factors such as age, gender, educational level, and employment status were significant predictors of workplace social capital. Social capital was positively correlated with moral courage (r = 0.29, p < 0.01) and happiness (r = 0.32, p < 0.01). In addition, social capital explained 6.8 and 8.6% variance in predicting moral courage and happiness, respectively. Conclusions: Workplace social capital is a vital organizational phenomenon affecting nurses' moral courage and happiness, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, hospitals should be aware of the importance of social capital; they should ensure that all the practices and policies are in place to develop and increase it.
Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on BMI
(Daffodil International University, 2022-03-24) Akter, Tahmina; Zeba, Zebunnesa; Hosen, Ismail; Al-Mamun, Firoj; Mamun, Mohammed A.
Background The COVID-19 pandemic is undoubtedly a major threat to the world. The preventive strategies designed to minimize the virus transmission by remaining at home, being isolated, and keeping social distance, which would substantially reform people’s lifestyle, physical activity, eating habits, etc. Consequently, those measures might create a disturbance in weight management and overweight. Therefore, how the COVID-19 pandemic has changed the physical activities of individuals and its impacts on the Body Mass Index (BMI) is explored herein. Methods An online-based cross-sectional study collected data from 338 Bangladeshi adults in November 2020. The questionnaire included socio-demographics, health-related variables, physical activity-related variables, and diet measurement. Inferential statistics (i.e., chi-square test, McNemar test) were used to measure the associations between BMI and studied variables with a consideration of two scenarios (‘before’ and ‘during’ the pandemic inception), where p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Results showed that the prevalence of overweight was 30.5% ‘before’ the COVID-19 pandemic, which increased to 34.9% ‘during’ the pandemic; that means 4.4% of the participants significantly gained weight after the pandemic inception. There was no significant role of socio-demographic (e.g., gender, age, current residence, occupation) or physical activity-related factors (e.g., unavailability of outdoor space, not performing regular physical exercise, exercising with a partner) in changing the BMI status after the pandemic inception. However, following a proper diet plan during the COVID-19 pandemic was observed to decrease BMI status significantly. Conclusions The present study suggests that a minor portion of the participants reported increasing their overweight status after the pandemic inception, whereas having a proper diet plan during the pandemic can significantly decrease BMI status. Therefore, the importance of the appropriate diet plan should be considered while implementing any policies.
Sleep Duration During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Bangladesh: A Gis-Based Large Sample Survey Study
(2023-02-27) Al‑Mamun, Firoj; Hussain, Nur; Sakib, Najmuj; Hosen, Ismail; Rayhan, Istihak; Abdullah, Abu Hasnat; Bhuiyan, A. K. M. Israfil; Sarker, Md. Abedin; Hossain, Sahadat; Zou, Liye; Manzar, Md. Dilshad; Lin, Chung‑Ying; Sikder, Md. Tajuddin; Muhit, Mohammad; Pakpour, Amir H.; Goza, David; Griffiths, Mark D.; Mamun, Mohammed A.
Although several studies have been conducted in Bangladesh regarding sleep problems during the COVID-19 pandemic, none have utilized a large nationwide sample or presented their findings based on nationwide geographical distribution. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the total sleep duration, night-time sleep, and daily naptime and their associated factors as well as geographic information system (GIS) distribution. A cross-sectional survey was carried out among 9730 people in April 2020, including questions relating to socio-demographic variables, behavioral and health factors, lockdown, depression, suicidal ideation, night sleep duration, and naptime duration. Descriptive and inferential statistics, both linear and multivariate regression, and spatial distribution were performed using Microsoft Excel, SPSS, Stata, and ArcGIS software. The results indicated that 64.7% reported sleeping 7–9 h a night, while 29.6% slept less than 7 h nightly, and 5.7% slept more than 9 h nightly. 43.7% reported 30–60 min of daily nap duration, whereas 20.9% napped for more than 1 h daily. Significant predictors of total daily sleep duration were being aged 18–25 years, being unemployed, being married, self-isolating 4 days or more, economic hardship, and depression. For nap duration, being aged 18–25 years, retired, a smoker, and a social media user were at relatively higher risk. The GIS distribution showed that regional division areas with high COVID-19 exposure had higher rates of non-normal sleep duration. Sleep duration showed a regional heterogeneity across the regional divisions of the country that exhibited significant associations with a multitude of socioeconomic and health factors.
Substance Use Disorder Among Adolescents Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic in Uganda
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-26) Kaggwa, Mark Mohan; Abaatyo, Joan; Alol, Emmanuel; Muwanguz, Moses; Najjuka, Sarah Maria; Favina, Alain; Rukundo, Godfrey Zari; Ashaba, Scholastic; Mamun, Mohammed A.
It has been reported that the COVID-19 pandemic has predisposed adolescents to risky behaviors such as substance use and subsequent substance use disorder (SUD). However, it is unknown how the pandemic has changed the prevalence of SUD among adolescents in Uganda. We aimed to determine the prevalence of SUD and associated factors among adolescents in southwestern Uganda. Retrospectively, psychiatry ward records from November 2018 to July 2021 were collected from the largest tertiary hospital in southwestern Uganda. A total of 441 adolescent records were included in the analysis, with a mean age was 17±1.88 years, and the majority were males (50.34%). The overall prevalence of SUD was 7.26% (5.90% and 9.80% before and during the pandemic). Despite a little rise in SUD (3.9% increment) during the COVID-19 pandemic, there was no statistical difference compared to before the pandemic. The likelihood of being diagnosed with SUD was more among older adolescents at any period. In addition, having a diagnosis of bipolar mood disorder reduced the likelihood of SUD during the pandemic. This study indicated no statistical change in the diagnosis of SUD among adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. As older-male adolescents (17 to 19 years) were at higher risk of SUD, there is a need for early intervention for this group.
Suicidal Behaviors and Associated Factors Among Medical Students in Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
(Elsevier, 2022-12-09) Kaggwa, Mark Mohan; Najjuka, Sarah Maria; Favina, Alain; Griffiths, Mark D.; Mamun, Mohammed A.
Background Suicide behaviors are common among medical students, and the prevalence rates might vary across various regions. Even though various systematic reviews have been conducted to assess suicidal behaviors among medical students in general, no review has ever assessed or carried out a sub-analysis to show the burden of suicidal behaviors among African medical students which was fulfilled in the present study. Method A systematic review and meta-analysis of prevalence studies among African medical students from PubMed, Scopus, PsycINFO, African Journals Online, and Google Scholar databases. A total of 204 publications were identified. The studies' selection, data extraction, and methodological evaluation were performed, and meta-analysis was performed based on the random effects model. Results Data were obtained from 14 eligible studies, including 8585 medical students in Africa. The pooled prevalence of lifetime suicidal behaviors was 18.7% for suicidal ideation (95% CI: 14.1%-23.3; I 2 = 94.37%; p < 0.001), 3.8% for suicidal plans (95% CI: 2.7%-4.8%; I 2 = 0.03%; p < 0.001), and 5.5% for suicide attempts (95% CI: 3.8%-7.2%; I 2 = 89.47%; p < 0.001). The factors associated with suicidal ideations were female gender, use of alcohol, depression, and use of khat. Only depression was associated with suicide attempts. Limitations The review involved few studies, and not all African regions were represented. Conclusion Suicidal behaviors, particularly suicide attempts, are high among medical students in Africa. However, very few studies are done in the region to clearly quantify the burden and its associated factors.
Suicidal Behaviours Among Ugandan University Students
(Scopus, 22-04-01) Kaggwa, Mark Mohan; Arinaitwe, Innocent; Muwanguzi, Moses; Nduhuura, Elicana; Kajjimu, Jonathan; Kule, Moses; Najjuka, Sarah Maria; Nkola, Rahel; Ajuna, Noble; Wamala, Nicholas Kisaakye; Machacha, Ivan; Mamun, Mohammed A.; Ho, Cyrus Su‑Hui; Grifths, Mark D.; Rukundo, Godfrey Zari
Background: Suicide remains the leading cause of death among university students often resulting from multiple physical and psychological challenges. Moreover, suicidal behaviours among students appear to have increased due to the COVID-19 pandemic according to some studies. Objective: To explore the prevalence and associated factors for suicidal ideation, suicide plans, and suicide attempts among university students in Uganda. Methods: Cross-sectional study data were collected from May to September 2021 from 540 undergraduate univer‑ sity students in south-western Uganda (363 males, mean age 23.3 years). Questions from the General Health Ques‑ tionnaire (GHQ-28) were used to assess suicidal ideation, while other bespoke questions were used to assess suicide plans and attempts. The survey also investigated the suicide attempt/plan method, location of the suicidal activity, and reason for not enacting the suicide plan. Three independent regression analyses were used to determine the fac‑ tors associated with diferent forms of suicidal behaviours. Results: The prevalence of past-year suicidal behaviours was 31.85% for suicidal ideation, 8.15% for suicide plans, and 6.11% for suicide attempts. Having a chronic physical medical condition increased the likelihood of having all forms of suicidal behaviours. Suicidal ideation was associated with having difculty paying university tuition fees. However, being in the ffth year of university education, and feeling satisfed with current academic grades reduced the likeli‑ hood of suicidal ideation. Individuals feeling satisfed with academic performance appeared to be a protective factor against having suicide plans. Suicide attempts were associated with having a history of sexual abuse and having dif‑ fculty paying university tuition fees. The most common method used for attempted suicide was a drug overdose, and the most common location for attempted suicide was their homes. Conclusion: University students have prevalent suicide behaviours especially among students with a chronic physi‑ cal medical condition, a history of sexual abuse, and problems paying university tuition fees. Based on the present study, for students at risk, universities should provide appropriate interventions such as life skills education and suicide prevention techniques. Keywords: Suicide, University students, University tuition fees, COVID-19, Chronic physical medical conditions, Uganda