Browsing by Author "Mallik, Biva Arani"

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    Exclusion and poverty: An analytical approach for understanding exclusion and assessing programmes targeting the very poor in Bangladesh
    (BRAC Research and Evaluation Division, 2008-04) Zohir, Sajjad; Rabbani, Mehnaz; Mallik, Biva Arani; Huq, Iftekharul; Afsana, Raisa
    Exclusion is a term that comes up often in association with poverty, social welfare and social injustice. Development interventions are designed with some notion of benefiting or including the excluded. This paper analyses the concept of exclusion using simple demand-supply tools. A simple framework is proposed, that separates the attributes and spaces of exclusion to help in assessing development interventions. Success of programmes may be scaled in terms of their achievements in making poor included in the mainstream (i.e. main product/service space), or in a segmented space (from either complete exclusion or from previous inclusion in lower quality space), or not being able to include the poor in relevant spaces in any meaningful way. The case of hardcore poverty is investigated to understand the different approaches used to address the exclusion, and the underlying assumptions made regarding the attribute-space links of exclusion. The case studies undertaken are meant to propose a simple framework of evaluating programmes targeting poor and/or hardcore poor, which is consistent with the analytical framework proposed.
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    Understanding Exclusion - An Analytical Approach
    (East West University, 1/1/2007) Mallik, Biva Arani; Huq, Iftekharul; Rabbani, Mehnaz
    The concept of exclusion although not termed c such, is not new in development practices in Bangladesh.Existence of government and non -government programs such as free education for women, the upsurge of micro-finance etc arc all evidence of the fact that certain groups in society are excluded' from the regular delivery network. As such special programs or new modes of delivery have to be deigned to include the excluded'. This paper aims at explaining the process of exclusion through an economic perspective using the typical demand- supply abstract. We have shown that excluded individuals face additional costs in order to gain access to particular spaces which leads them to reduce consumption in there fronts. Using the concept of consumer surplus w have identified certain economic motives that encourage the persistence of exclusion by non-excluded groups