Browsing by Author "Kumar, Rakesh"

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    Hepatoprotective and cardioprotective effect of Artemisia nilagirica leaf extract on E. coli challenged broiler chicken
    (2024-02-29) Thakur, Shalini; Kumar, Rakesh; Asrani, R.K.; Thakur, Meenakshi; Kumar Patel, Shailesh; Damu Patil, Rajendra; Obaidullah, Ahmad J.; Bin Emran, Talha
    Artemisia nilagirica is an important medicinal plant found to exhibit several medicinal properties but the use of its leaves for combating E. coli infection has not been scientifically validated in poultry. The present study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of methanol leaf extract of A. nilagirica (ANE) on E. coli challenged broiler chickens. Three hundred and thirty, day-old broiler chickens, were divided into 6 groups of 55 each, with group EX infected intraperitoneally (I/P) with LD50 dose of 1 × 107 cfu/ml of E. coli; group(s) EA1, EA2 and EA3 infected I/P with 1 × 107 cfu/ml of E. coli and supplemented with ANE @ 0.5, 1.0 and 2.0 g/L of drinking water, respectively; group AX were only given ANE @ 2.0 g/L in the drinking water. ANE treatment was started from day 4 and was continuously given in the drinking water up to day 21. E. coli infection was given to the birds on day 7 of their age. The effect of the plant extract was evaluated on the basis of gross, microscopic and ultrastructural alterations in E. coli challenged broiler chickens. The extract of A. nilagirica was found to show antibacterial, cardioprotective and hepatoprotective properties in a dose-dependent manner on the basis of gross and microscopic examination. The methanol extract of A. nilagirica leaves revealed no toxic effect on the hepatocytes on ultrastructural evaluation. This study demonstrates the antimicrobial, hepatoprotective and cardioprotective activities of ANE in broiler chickens infected with E. coli organism.
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    Layer-Wise Physicochemical and Elemental Distribution in an Urban River Water, Bangladesh: Potential Pollution, Sources, and Human Health Risk Assessment
    (The Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023-08-03) Kormoker, Tapos; Islam, Md. Saiful; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Kumar, Sazal; Phoungthong, Khamphe; Kabir, Md Humayun; Iqubal, Kazi Farhed; Kumar, Rakesh; Alij, Mir Mohammad; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul
    Buriganga is an economically important river located around the industrialized urban area of Dhaka City, Bangladesh. In this study, 17 water quality parameters (electrical conductivity, pH, total suspended solids, temperature, F−, Cl−, SO42−, Cr, Ni, As, Cd, Hg, Cu, Pb, Fe, Mn, and Zn) of surface and deep waters of the Buriganga River were measured to assess the water quality, pollution level, elemental sources, and their potential ecological and human health risks. Comparing the concentrations of the analyzed parameters with the permissible standards, it was indicated that the water in Buriganga is unsafe for residential and recreational uses. Principal component and correlation analysis revealed that point and diffuse sources, such as the combustion of lubricant oils, fuel additives, exhaust fumes from vehicles, domestic wastewater, and inorganic fertilizers from agricultural fields, control the water quality. Regardless of depth, a higher degree of contamination and ecological risk was observed during the dry season, indicating a higher content of heavy metals in river water, which might impact the ecological balance in the future. Through ingestion, the hazard quotient (HQ) of As, Cd, Pb, and Hg and the hazard index (HI) values were higher than the risk threshold (HQ > 1). Total HI values for children in both residential and recreational water were higher than those for adults (1.04 × 101 and 1.73 × 100 for surface and deep water, respectively), indicating that children are more sensitive to elemental contamination. Total carcinogenic risks of Cr and As due to exposure to water were higher than the standard limit (>1.0 × 10−4), which indicated possible cancer risks to the inhabitants around the river. Therefore, regular monitoring of river water quality and sustainable management could be implemented to recover the polluted river water and keep it pollution-free in the future. © 2023 RSC.