Browsing by Author "Kaur, Rupinder"

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    AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine: Hurdles and Visions
    (Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, 2023-03-02) Ahmad, Md. Altamash; Kaur, Harleen; Kumari, Pratima; Singh, Ravinder; Kaur, Rupinder; Chopra, Hitesh; Sardana, Ojus; Emran, Talha Bin; Dhama, Kuldeep
    ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine developed by Oxford and AstraZeneca for a disease we all know as Coronavirus, or COVID-19. Ongoing clinical studies reveal that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has a tolerable safety profile and is effective against symptomatic COVID-19. This vaccine may prove crucial in boosting herd immunity, averting life threatening illness, and relieving the current pandemic. In this mini review, we performed a thorough literature search through PubMed and Google Scholar and reported various case reports associated with complications of the adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. Various adverse effects of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were reported around the globe, which were often serious but rare and developed into life-threatening pathologies such as GBS, thrombocytopenia, demyelinating neuropathies, progressive dementia, cerebral infarction, IgA vasculitis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, herpes zoster, cutaneous reactions, and vein thrombosis. These worldwide reported complications, which are usually rare and severe, will aid clinicians in understanding and managing unforeseen situations. There is a need for more research to find out more about these complications and their etiopathogenesis. However, the benefits of these vaccinations for stopping the spread of the outbreak and lowering the fatality rate outweigh the potential risk of the uncommon complications.
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    Novel Insights on the Role of Vcam-1 and Icam-1 Potential Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Diseases
    (Scopus, 22-12-12) Kaur, Rupinder; Singh, Varinder; Kumari, Pratima; Chopra, Hitesh; Emran, Talha Bin
    Cell adhesion molecules (CAM) including the intracellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 (VCAM-1) are from the immunoglobulin family which regulates leukocyte adherence to endothelial muscles in acute or chronic inflammatory states [1]. TNF-α, a proinflammatory cytokine, triggers cell adhesion molecules, inflammatory molecules, and other cytokines [2]. The appearance level of these CAMs on the membrane of endothelial cells is a key factor in determining the comparable impact of VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 on the attraction of leukocytes in a particular disease state [1,2]. Leukocytes and endothelial cells are two cell types that express ICAM-1 an Ig-like cell adhesion molecule. Transcriptional regulation is primarily responsible for regulating ICAM-1 expression. The ICAM-1 is critically important in inflammation and the T-cell-mediated immune response. Antigen-presenting cells use it to stimulate T cells that recognize only MHC class II antigens, whereas other cells use it to stimulate cytotoxic T cells by associating with MHC class I. Leukocyte migration to the inflammatory site is done by ICAM-1 [3]. It has a significant role in inflammation-related processes and the defense system mediated by T-cells [1]. VCAM-1 is the other inflammatory cell adhesion molecule that may be therapeutically useful in immunological disorders and cancerous conditions. VCAM-1 controls the inflammatory vascular adhesion and leukocyte trans-endothelial migration [2].