Browsing by Author "Karim, Md. Rezaul"

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A Critical study of the coins of the independent sultans of Bengal (from 1205 A. D.-1538 A.D.)
(©University of Dhaka, 2022-10-12) Karim, Md. Rezaul
Activity Management System Using Image Processing
(Daffodil International University, 2018-12) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Hossain, Md. Pias
The main agenda of this project is the formation of the automatic attendance system by using image processing that can save the valuable time of teachers and students. It is used the computer algorithms to perform the image processing to detect and recognize faces for attendance. In case of attendance, image processing allows a large amount of algorithms and libraries that have the various advantage such as it can ignore noise and distortion during processing an image. The main reason for the quality of face recognition is that here Python and OpenCV are used as programming language and library, capturing more images on real time for comparing with trained image data. Moreover, the mobile application is designed to help students to know their activities such as total attendance, the number of absence in the class and application will give notification to students either they attend to class or not. We have designed a desktop software and mobile application which will use local storage and online server. There will be data related to the database in the online server and related to the image in the local.
An Internship Report On “CUSTOMER SATISFACTION OF SOUTHEAST BANK LIMITED, DINAJPUR BRANCH
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2016-07) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Dr. Shaikh Mostak Ahammad
This Master’s thesis sought to assess and analyse customer satisfaction with service delivery of mobile telecommunication networks (MTNs) within Ghana. The main problem of this study was whether customers are satisfied with service delivery of MTNs in Ghana. The study was basically a survey that used both qualitative and quantitative approaches. A structured questionnaire was developed, pre-tested and personally administered to the target population of individual mobile subscribers. One thousand (1000) respondents were sampled from the target population of seven million, six hundred and four thousand and fifty-three (7, 604053) mobile telecom subscribers through a stratified random sampling. Out of this, nine hundred and thirty-seven (937) questionnaire constituting 93.7% response rate was got for analysis. The findings indicate that irrespective of mobile telecom network in Ghana, customer satisfaction is low; neither equal to nor better than desire and expectation of the customers. With respect to mobile network, customers are not satisfied with the service delivery of Mobile Network A. Customer satisfaction for company B is better than expected and at least equal to the desire of customers. For Mobile Network C and D, customer satisfaction is at least equal to customer expectation and desire. Again, this study concludes that overall customer satisfaction is significantly different among MTNs in Ghana, with customers of Company B, C and D rating their satisfaction with service quality higher than customers of Company A. Furthermore, customer satisfaction is better than expected for thirteen (13) dimensionitems of service quality, equal to expectation for fifteen (15) items and worse than expected for eight (8) dimensions of service quality. The findings also indicate that “Technical quality” is the most important dimension, followed by “empathy”, “reliability”, “economy”, “responsiveness”, “image”, and “assurance”, while “tangibles” is found not significantly important to the customers in Ghana’s MTNs. Most of the customer-satisfied dimensions were rated less important, while most of the customer-dissatisfied dimensions were rated more important. Moreover, the study found that Desire and Expectation Disconfirmations collectively and individually explain overall customer satisfaction significantly in Ghana’s MTNs. Customers’ switching intention is different among the networks, with the customers of Company A more willing to switch than those of Mobile Networks B, C and D. Generally the study implies that the National Communication Authority and other policy makers should take workable measures to propel MTNs in Ghana to improve upon their service quality in specific areas. A major limitation of this study is that a relatively smaller sample of the target population was used and limited to literates. It is recommended that further research should assess and analyse customer satisfaction with specific services across mobile telecom networks in Ghana
Anthropometric Study of the Shantal Community in Rajshahi District
(University of Rajshahi, 2006) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Islam, Md. Nurul; Ali, Md. Ayub
The aim of the thesis was to study Anthropometric variables sta􀀊ure, body weight, body mass index (BMI), sitting height and chest circumference, to find their relationships with some of the demographic and Socio-economic variables of Shantal community in Rajshshi District, Bangladesh. The_demographic and socioeconomic variables were collected through a questionnaire (in Appendix-I). Anthropometric measurements were taken by the· author himself. The cluster sampling technique was applied. The sample size were 396 for male and 438 for female. The present study demonstrated that the average stature, body weight, sitting height and chest circumference of young Shantals were increasing comparatively with those of oldest Shantals. Almost every Shantals were very lean and thin and stature, body weight, sitting height, and chest circumference of Shantals were positively and significantly related to each other. The present study indicated that the female onset of menarche of Shantals community reached earlier who were heavier and became late menarche who were both taller and thinner. Also lower BMI of female Shantals were reached age at menarche earlier than those of larger BMI. Also, age at menarche was earlier for those whose family income were higher and was late for those whose family income were lower and the onset of menarche reached earlier than those who have fewer number of sibling. Through the logistic regression, the present study suggest that the stature of literate male Shantals were shorter than the stature of illiterate Shantals and their differences were signHicant (p<0.05). The body weight and occupation were negatively associated but their differences were insignificant. The stature of literate female Shantals were higher than the stature of illiterate female Shantals and the body weight of female labors were lower than the body weight of non-labor female Shantals with significant differences. Sexual differences among stature, body weight and BMI of Shantals were found and the male Shantals were taller in stature and heavier in body weight than female Shantals and female Shantals were lean and thin. Government should take favorable view and necessary co-operations for their better health, social and economic management.
Assessing the Impact of Environmental Sustainability Initiatives on Consumer Buying Behavior of PRAN-RFL Group
(Comilla University, 29-Jun-2025) Karim, Md. Rezaul
The objective of this study is to assessing the impact of environmental sustainability initiatives on consumer buying behavior in the context of the PRAN-RFL Group in Bangladesh. This report will help the company to measure the current level of Consumers buying behavior after they take environmental sustainability initiatives. The main objective aims to identify the factors that may
Bangla Numeral Recognition Engine (BNRE)
(IEEE, 20-Dec-2008) Hoque, Mohammed Moshiul; Karim, Md. Rezaul; Hossain, Md. Gahangir; Arefin, Md. Shamsul; Hasan, Md. Monjur-Ul-
Numeral recognition is the process to classify the given character according to the predefined character class. This paper proposed a methodology for recognizing Bangla handwritten numerals which are based on fuzzy logic theory due to its low computational requirement. Every numeral is segmented and several features are extracted for each segment. In this paper, we use unique fuzzy rule base for each numeral. We have tested our engine for Bangla numerals considering various writing style and got more than 80% recognition accuracy.
Breast Cancer Detection Using Classifiers
(Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Habib, M. Musab; Zaman, Rahat
Detection of breast cancer is the major phase in Cancer Diagnosis. So, classifiers with higher accuracy are always superior. A classifier already carrying high accuracy and then leading it to higher accuracy offers very less chance to a patient to be wrongly classified. This book involves this kind of classifiers i.e. Naïve Bayes, J48 algorithms along with their performance evaluating criteria. To check up, java based WEKA classification is done with similar dataset & similar feature selection. Modification in typical Naïve Bayes introducing Multivariate Gaussian distribution results in higher accuracy in the thesis work. Fusion in predicted results of the Naïve Bayes & J48 introduces a new algorithm to detect both classifiers’ wrong predictions. So, counting a patient cancerous only in the case of two classifiers saying a patient cancerous leads to poor accuracy overall but more precise prediction. Our thesis work proposed for the last two algorithms while leaving a good overview of breast cancer detection through the Machine Learning Classifiers.
Design Of A Two-Story Primary School Building
(Daffodil International University, 2025-11-24) Siddik, Md Abu Bokor; Faraje, Abdullah; Karim, Md. Rezaul
This capstone project focuses on the structural design and cost analysis of a two-story reinforced concrete (RC) primary school building situated in Seismic Zone 3 of Bangladesh. The proposed land area 50,055 square feet & building with an approximate floor area of 9,151 square feet, accommodates eight classrooms, a teacher`s room, library, computer lab, head teacher’s office, waiting room, storeroom, and separate sanitation facilities for both male-female students and teachers. The design is done in accordance with the Bangladesh National Building Code (BNBC 2020) that governs structural safety, stability, and serviceability when the structure has gravity and seismic loads. ETABS 2020 was used to conduct the structural analysis in which the building was modelled as an Intermediate Moment Resisting Frame (IMRF) system. Reinforced concrete components such as slabs, beams, columns, and isolated footings were designed considering load combinations, material strength, and deflection limits. For example, 20mm diameter reinforcing bars were used in columns, while isolated footings were provided to safely transmit loads to the soil with a bearing capacity of 2,500 psf. Detailed structural drawings were produced in AutoCAD, and the Bill of Quantities (BOQ), material estimates, cost calculations were managed using Microsoft Excel and ASDIP Foundation was used to measure the footing dimension. The total estimated project cost is BDT 24,356,465with a projected construction period of 241 days.
Dual Axis Solar Trackers
(Daffodil International University, 2018-10) Rahman, Esanur; Karim, Md. Rezaul
Today’s solar energy is one of the most popular renewable energy.The fact is, generally the solar panel power system is stationary, means that the solar panel will not always grab to the direction of sun, this make the light intensity falling on the solar panel is not in maximum level so the solar panel will not always work in its maximum performance.This project demonstrates a novel method which will automatically track the sun’s position and accordingly change the direction of the solar panel to get the maximum output from the solar cell with the help with PIC16F72, sensor and servo motor. This method enables the solar panel work in maximum performance because of the light intensity falling on the panel will be in maximum intensity level in all long day. A solar tracker is designed and experimentally tested. The information and design detail are shown in this report.
Effect of antioxidant on pesticide induced cytomorphological consequences in hexaploid wheat (triticum aestivum l.)
(University Of Rajshahi, 2024-02) Akter, Afroja; Karim, Md. Rezaul
To meet up the growing demand of huge number of population, high production of crop plants playing a major role in ensuring food security and food availability. But different kind of pests and diseases is affecting the production of crop plants adversely. Now-a-days pesticides have got a remarkable popularity in terms of pest management, plant protection and to increase the yield of the crop plants. Thus, crop plants are being directly affected with different sorts of adverse consequences. Mutagenic and carcinogenic effect of pesticides is managed by the use of antioxidant as it is used in case of mammals. The present study was designed to investigate the protective role of antioxidants against pesticide toxicity in wheat seeds. Wheat seeds treated with pesticides were used as control in this experiment and then pre- and post-treatment were operated using antioxidants. The seeds of pre- and post- treatment were designated as M1 generation. Treated seeds were allowed to germinate in laboratory as well as in the field following three factors randomized complete block design and data were collected on cytological as well as growth and yield related characters. The M2 seeds collected from M1 plants (raised from the seeds treated previously) were left untreated and were sown in next year. Again data were collected on morphological and cytological characters from M2 generation to investigate the residual effect. Result obtained from M1 generation indicates that pesticides induced adverse morphological and cytological characters. At the same time pre- and post-treatment of antioxidants showed positive effect on reducing pesticide toxicity enhancing growth and yield related characters. The overall findings indicated that antioxidants have an antagonistic effect against pesticide induced cytomorphological consequences. Result, also revealed that pre-treatment showed more efficiency than that of post-treatment. Result of M2 generation showed that both pesticide and antioxidant had same sort of residual effect.
Exploring cost reduction approaches and associated challenges towards value for money for the Bangladesh Railway
(BARC University, 2016-09) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Khan, Niaz Ahmed
Bangladesh Railway is the state-owned rail transport agency of Bangladesh. It operates and maintains the entire railway network of the country. BR is controlled by the Directorate General of Bangladesh Railway under the Ministry of Railway. The vision of BR is to provide safe, reliable, cost-effective, and time-efficient rail transport service in the country through modernizing, expanding, & maintaining rail system in a manner which supports government strategies for economic, social, & environmental development. Transportation sector in general and Bangladesh Railway (BR) in particular, has always played a vital role in the economic growth and development of Bangladesh by hauling both goods and passengers. However, BR has been facing formidable challenges from alternative modes of transport during the past decades. BR is losing its share, both in absolute and relative terms, to a fast growing road sector. This loss of share can largely be attributed to a well planned and well developed road network that began expanding since the eighties. The road transportation is mostly privately managed and is more efficiently operated relative to BR. The latter has been a publicly funded and managed organization. Railway is known to have competitive advantage in bulk goods and long haul due to cost effectiveness and safety issues. However, BR has failed to meet the standards due to institutional shortcomings and physical bottlenecks. Today BR is in frail health with obvious symptoms of further decline in its performance. An in-depth academic investigation to identify some weaknesses of can help formulate appropriate policy measures for improvement of the sector. Besides providing transportation services, railway is also a major employer of civilian labor force. The current level of employment in this sector exceeds 40,000 employees. BR should be capable of providing optimal services and help economic growth by ensuring a smooth flow of goods, e.g., food, raw material, industrial and agricultural inputs, exports etc. With its net operating income in the red, the problems seem to demand a higher degree of attention, as the sector continues to claim a larger share on the limited resources. The Railway receives a sizeable subsidy from the public exchequer, despite the well-documented evidence that subsidy promotes inefficiency. The onus must be on the railway to play a socially desirable role. From policy considerations, it is important that the sector runs efficiently, remains economically viable, and makes significant contribution to growth of the economy. From that perspective, research on the performance of this sector, is long overdue. One way of iv improving efficiency and ensuring value of public money is to reduce the operating cost. This research is an effort to explore the cost reduction approaches and opportunities in Bangladesh Railway, in the light of procurement and supply chain management.
Factors Associated with Target Fertility in Bangladesh
(University of Rajshahi, 2012) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Islam, Md. Nurul
In this study, an attempt has been made to assess the factors associated with target fertility in Bangladesh using nationally representative data from Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey (BOHS), 2007. Simple linear regression as well as multivariate techniques named logistic regression analysis have been used to find out the direct, indirect and combined (interaction) effects of the selected socio-demographic factors on fertility. To quantify the proximate variables, we apply Bonga arts' model as well as proposed Bogart’s' model. The results of the study show that several socio-economic (socio-economic, demographic) variables effect on fertility behavior. These are age at marriage, place of residence, religion, region, education of women and men (partner's/husband's), working status of women, occupation of women and men (husband's), women's participation at NGO's, age at first birth of women, length of breastfeeding practice, contraceptive use, number of dead children (boys and girls) etc. Fertility is still high in Bangladesh, though it has been declining over time. A major cause of declining fertility has been the steady increase in contraceptive use over the last 32 years; another major cause of declining fertility has been the steady increase the age at marriage. Current contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) is 56% in 2007 BOHS (Mitra et, al., May 2009). The effect of marriage pattern and marital fertility, on the overall fertility of Bangladesh examined by Coal’s indices show higher influences of marriage pattern than that of marital fertility. The effect of change of marriage pattern in reducing fertility level perhaps has increased over time. Again, the age pattern of marriage and the contraceptive use have changed in a positive direction, the negative impact of which has fallen on fertility. Examination of the changes of the indicated indices at various time segments that the changed could be a recent phenomenon. To identify the change of fertility in terms of proximate variables, Bonga art’s model has been used. Among the variables in the analysis of proximate determinants of fertility happened to be in response of the effect of increase in proportion married and contraceptive use. These determinant shows that 5.69% decline due to change in the proportion of women married, 12.36% decline due to contraceptive use, 0.596% decline due to increase the index of fetal wastages and approximately 20.38% increase due to decrease of the duration of lactational in fecundability. Application of Bonga arts · model indicates that there is a downward trend in all the proximate indices. Between 1997 and 2007 the amount of decrement of total fertility rate is about 17.51 % and it is about 10.139% between 2004 and 2007. This is primarily caused by an increase in the use and effectiveness of contraceptives. The divorce and widowhood have also a major contribution on reduction of the fertility in Bangladesh. Observed TFR found to be 2.7 in 2007 and Bonga arts' model estimate the TFR is 3.21 which is far away from observed TFR but our proposed model estimates the TFR is 2. 76 which is closer to the observed TFR. Again, for consideration only abortion index in Bonga arts · model the estimated TF is 12.83 which is far away from assumed TF and our proposed model gives the value of TF is 14.99 which is very close to observed TF (15.3). So, comparing the estimated values we conclude that proposed model is better than Bonga arts· model. The study of differential fertility indicates the inverse relationship between age at marriage and fertility; education of women, men (husbands) and fertility; occupation of women, men (husbands) and fertility. We observed that fertility is higher in rural areas. There are several reasons, these include may be the rural women are less educated than urban women; rural women have poor media connection etc. Regional difference reveals that fertility is higher in Chittagong, Sylhet and Barisal than from Khulna, Rajshahi and Dhaka division. Dhaka and Rajshahi division have intermediate levels of fertility. Religion has effect on fertility behavior through Muslims and Non-Muslims. The analysis shows that fertility among Muslims is higher as compared with non-Muslims in each age group. Several variables, such as, work status of women, women's participation at NGO's suggests that labor force participation may be consequence of lower fertility than non-working counterpart. Women who are involved, with any service are not dependent on men (husbands), both socially and mentally have their own rights and absence of dependence, men cannot forcibly use women to increase their fertility. This has resulted in lower fertility. Results of logistic regression analysis indicates that place of residence, religion, age at marriage of women, age of first birth of women, women's education, contraceptive use, women's currently working status, pregnancy status, number of living children, access of mass media and involvement in NGO's are ttie most important significant variables that influence fertility in Bangladesh. According to the regression, the TFR equals, on average 7.742 births per women in the absences of contraception (CPR=0), and fertility declines at a rate of approximately 1.0 birth per women for each 9% increment in the contraceptive prevalence rate. The regression equation of TFR on CPR suggests that a TFR of 2.4 births per women can be achieved if the level of CPR will be raised to 61 % and if the level of CPR will be raised to 65% it is possible to achieve a target TFR level of 2.1 births per women. The prevalence rates are computed at the effectiveness levels of 0.85 and 0.90 such effectiveness of contraception has already reached 0.85 in the year 2007. The results indicate that if target fertility 2.6 is to be achieved then the CPR will be raised to 58% and 57% with 0.85 and 0.90 effectiveness respectively. Similarly, if target fertility 2.1 can be achieved the CPR is to be approximately 68% and 66% with 0.85 and 0.90 effectiveness respectively. The result also found that to reach the desired level of target fertility it must increase the use of contraception, duration of breastfeeding, singulate mean age at marriage and amenorrhea period. To achieve replacement level of fertility at 2.1 births per women we should increase the CPR, SMAM, duration of breastfeeding and amenorrhea period by 68%, 20.80 years, 15.5 months and 22.56 months respectively.
Fine roots for uptake and translocation of zinc into young leaves as important traits for zinc efficiency of maize genotypes
(Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2018-07-23) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Tian, Di; Zhang, Yueqiang; Chen, Fan-Jun
Suitable germplasm and breeding for zinc (Zn)-efficient genotypes has been prioritized to combat Zn deficiency problem. Six maize genotypes were grown in a nutrient solution with or without Zn to identify genotype tolerance to low Zn and its mechanism. Zhongnong 99 was found to be about 2-fold more Zn-efficient than L69 × 178. Young shoot Zn concentration and content was significantly correlated with Zn efficiency (ZE). Furthermore, Zn-efficient genotype as Zhongnong 99 distributed more Zn into young parts of shoot and also developed longer and thinner roots (≤ 0.2 mm) under -Zn conditions than inefficient genotypes. The close relationship (0.82***, 0.88***, 0.90***) between Zn content of young shoots and fine roots indicated that fine roots (≤ 0.2 mm) contributed more efficient Zn uptake into old parts which distributed to young parts. In conclusion, the analysis of young shoots and fine roots (≤ 0.2 mm) represent a suitable screening technique for ZE evaluation of under -Zn conditions.
Improved Sleep and Behavior after Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing
(University of Rajshahi, 2020-06) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Alam, M. Firoz
Background and objective: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common problem in preschool and school going children and is generally perceived as a neurodevelopmental condition leading to maltreatment resulting in abnormal behavioural complications and reduced cognition. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether adenotonsillectomy done in children with SDB improves their behavior, cognition and quality of life. Methods: This prospective interventional study of pre-test post-test design was conducted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi over a period of 3-years from July 2012 to June 2015 on 50 children (selected based on predefined eligibility criteria) aged 3-8 years who underwent adenotonsillectomy for sleep disordered breathing (SDB) with or without behavioural problem. The outcome variables were sleep disordered breathing, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), cognitive function and quality of life. Result: About three-quarters (74%) of the study children were 6 or > 6 years old with mean age being 6.6 years. Female-to-male ratio was 3:2. Half of the children was rural residents (50%) and 40% belonged to lower middle class. Snoring (86%), upper airway resistance syndrome (90%), obstructive hypoventilation (86%) and obstructive sleep-apnoea syndrome (OSAS) (80%) all demonstrated their dominance before adenotonsillectomy. After intervention major proportions of these symptoms reduced indicating that adenotonsilitis was the main reason of these symptoms. The major behavioral problems in children before intervention were ADHD (82%), problemetic behaviours on awakening (86%), night-to-night sleep duration variability (78%) and headache (80%). All the major problems responded well following adenotosillectomy (p < 0.001). Of the minor problems incidence of enuresis reduced to less than half (p = 0.027). Cognitive function like learning disabilities and poor academic performance showed commendable improvement following adenotonsillectomy (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that children diagnosed with SDB experience significant improvement in both sleep and behavior after adenotonsillectomy.
Nature of Physics Teaching at Secondary Level in Bangladesh
(2018) Haque, Md. Aminul; Karim, Md. Rezaul
This study investigates and describes the nature of secondary physics teaching and learning in Bangladesh. Here the body of literature on nature of physics teaching has been studied, and it has been discussed how classroom situations in secondary physics classes can be turned into a friendly environment for learning physics. The situations under discussion have been proposed by secondary teachers, during in-service teachers training, as situations from day to day physics teaching could highlight the nature of physics teaching. Secondary schools of all Upazila of Rajshahi district have been purposively selected for the study. Quantitative and qualitative methods were used for gathering research data. Primary and secondary sources have been used for the study. Quantitative data were obtained from the surveys of 81secondary schools, 81 Head teachers, 93 physics teachers and 500 students of class IX-X from secondary schools of Rajshahi District in Bangladesh. Qualitative data, on the other hand, were gathered from the analysis of questionnaire and interviews from Head teachers, physics teachers and students of class IX-X from Rajshahi District in Bangladesh. Quantitative data were coded and analyzed using the SPSS 16.0 statistical package to produce descriptive statistics. Qualitative data also were transcribed and categorized into emerging themes. Some selected variables and their relationship with 2test are shown in the table for head teachers, physics teachers and students. This study investigated 81 schools and evaluated the statement on the basis of using a five points rating scale indicating 1= Poor, 2= Weak, 3= Fair, 4= Good, 5= Very good. The percentages of the occurrences of these points are tabulated and explained. The tabular form of categorical data is graphically represented by correspondence analysis. Graphical display permits more rapid interpretation and understanding of the data. The rows and columns of a table interpreted the similarities and differences between rows, the similarities and differences between columns and the association between rows and columns. Correspondence analysis uses χ2/n, which is termed as inertia or total inertia, rather than χ2 value of contingency table. This graph can be used to investigate the graphical relationship among different categories.
Nutritional status among the children of age group 5-14 years in selected arsenic exposed and non-exposed areas of Bangladesh
(©University of Dhaka, 2023-12-14) Karim, Md. Rezaul
Nutritional, Phytochemical & Antidiabetic Properties of Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)
(University of Rajshahi, 2013) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Hossain, Md. Tofazzal
Plants are often condemned as non-scientific and inactive. But various phytochemical and biological investigations have proved its therapeutic utility and functional properties. Now-a-days, the use of plant constituents as remedy for diseases is very promising. According to folk medicine the mushrooms Pleurotus ostreatus (Family: Tricholomataceae) is used in protein deficiency diseases, diabetes, anemia, cardiac diseases, typhoid fever, and diseases of blood. Pleurotus ostreatus is locally known as Oyster mushroom and consumed by the local people as foods and vegetables. In many countries various types of foods are produced from mushrooms like burger, bread, sandwich, curry etc. In our country too, people started preparation of such types of foods. The present study included nutritional analysis, insecticidal and repellent activity against Tribolium castaneum adult, cytotoxicity against Brine shrimp nauplii, larvicidal activity against mosquito larvae, antimicrobial activity of some gram (+) and gram (-) pathogenic bacteria, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective activity in long evan rats of Pleurotus ostreatus. The physico-chemical and nutritional parameters changes in the three different (immature, mature and over mature) stages of Oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) were studied to obtain a comparable data on their nutritional qualities. The physico-chemical parameters such as pH and moisture, contents are increased and ash and crude fiber contents are decreased with its maturity. The amount of total sugar, reducing sugar and sucrose was higher at over mature stage than immature and mature stage. Protein content was higher at mature stage than immature and over mature stage. The mentionable case is that the protein content was higher than the other nutrients. So, Oyster mushroom can be considered as good source of protein. In this study, phytochemical investigation of fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus was performed. The extracts of fruiting body of the Oyster mushroom were obtained from its powder using methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, pet-ether and hot water. In the insecticidal activity of the crude extracts dose mortality results against T. castaneum were found promising. Methanol extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus showed high mortality of the beetles and the results have been presented in table 4.5. The LD50 values for methanol extract were 0.480, 0.142, and 0.106, 8.49E-02 mg/cm2 for 12, 24, 36 and 48 hrs. of exposure respectively. The LD50 values for Chloroform extract were 0.992, 0.944, 0.719, 0.452 mg/cm2 for 12, 24, 36 and 48 hrs. Of exposure respectively. In the same way LD50 values for Ethyl acetate, pet-ether and hot water were 5.614, 3.322, 2.495, 2.199 mg/cm2; 3.681, 3.225, 3.322, 2.722 mg/cm2; and 3.77, 3.41, 2.981, 2.785 mg/cm2 respectively. All the extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus showed promising repellent activity against the adults beetles of T. castaneum. The P values of methanol, ethyl acetate, chloroform, pet-ether and hot water were 0.017, 0.01, 0.009, 9.38E-05 and 0.013 respectively. The extracts ethyl acetate and pet-ether showed repellent activity against T. castaneum adults at (p<0.01) level, while other extracts showed at (p<0.05) level. The larvicidal activity of the crude extracts dose mortality results against clues mosquito larvae were found promising. The chloroform extract showed highest larvicidal activity and the results have been shown in table 4.7. The LC50 of the extract were 1224.768, 902.232, 617.195, 434.093ppm for 12, 18, 24 and 30 hrs. Of exposure respectively………………………………………………….
Prediction of surface roughness in turning alkaline treated banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite under compressed cooling air condition
(Department of Industrial and Production Engineering, 2020-01-04) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Dhar, Dr. Nikhil Ranjan
In modern days, material engineers are constantly striving to develop new composite materials due to its lightweight, high specific strength and high specific modulus are being considered as some remarkable properties that can be facilitated with their applications in various automobile and engineering sectors. Alkaline treated banana fiber is gaining popularity due to its comparison to conventional glass fiber. In this study machinability of alkaline treated banana fiber, reinforced polymer has been compared with traditional glass fiber. Among various machining environments, which have been evolved to cut fiber-reinforced polymer, compressed air cooling environment has been found very effective in machining FRPs when surface roughness and cutting force are taken into consideration. In this research work, turning operation of alkaline treated banana fiber reinforced epoxy was performed under both dry and compressed air cooling condition. Experimental Investigation was carried upon to compare the performances of two machining environments. Cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut have been considered as input cutting parameters whereas resultant outputs are surface roughness and cutting force. A predictive model of surface roughness was developed using artificial neural network (ANN) which has been validated against the experimentally found results.Furthermore, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was used to develop a quadratic equation to compare it with the experimental value. Using desirability function analysis, optimum cutting condition has been found while machining BFRP composite under compressed air cooling condition, the optimum cutting parameters which yielded the desired output responses (surface roughness and cutting force) ; Ra =2.511 µm, Pz = 15.457 N are follows: 0.403 mm of t, 55 m/min of Vc and 0.116 mm/rev. For ANN developed model, regression value is found to be 0.99518 for banana fiber reinforced epoxy composite under compressed air cooling condition which is very close to 1, thus justifying the efficacy of the developed model.
Problems of Working Mothers in Socializing Children: A Study on Rajshahi Metropolitan City
(University of Rajshahi, 2010) Mamun, Syeda Afreena; Ashrafuzzaman, Md.; Karim, Md. Rezaul
Traditionally, responsibility of housekeeping and child raring solely remain with the women in Bangladesh society. Nowadays, as increasing number of women are involving in earning activities outside home; this has become extremely difficult for them. This is mainly because of the fact that men in Bangladesh society hardly involve in responsibilities of housekeeping and child raring. In fact, engagement in activities outside home is an additional new role for the Bangladeshi women as the responsibilities of housekeeping and child raring still remain solely with them. Proper child raring is extremely crucial as children are the future citizen of any country. Socialization is an important aspect of child development through which a child turns as a social being. The integrity of the society much depends on the proper socialization of children. Although there are agents of socialization family, exclusively mother, is the key among ail. Hence, if mother fails to perform her duty, proper socialization may be hampered. This is not expected at all. As already mentioned women in Bangladesh society increasingly taking part in work outside home and men are hardly look after house and children how far the working women are able to play their role in the socialization process of children has become a prime issue. Particularly important is what are the problems faced by the working mothers in socializing their children. The present study focuses on this issue of problems working mother in socialization of their children. For the purpose, data were collected through face to face interview from the working mothers (both upper class and lower class) of a metropolitan city named Rajshahi of Bangladesh. It is evident from the study findings that the working mothers have faced problems in their household activities like feeding, cooking, cleaning, bedding and shopping. It is also evident that the working mothers have greatly faced problems in socialization of their children. The problems are more prevalent among the upper class working mothers compared to lower class working mothers. In the absence of institutionalized socialization provisions, such as day care centers, upper class working mothers mostly depend on maid servant to look after their children while they are in work outside home. So the children of the upper class working mother become accustomed with the habits of maid servant. Especially the language skills, appreciation of the other's role, loyalty to the senior are being severely influenced by the maid servant in the absence of mother. Based on the findings it may be recommended that child care facilities like day care center, child home, nursery etc. should be established and leave of the working mothers such maternity leave, casual leave, children's rearing leave should be increased to ensure proper socialization of the working mothers to fulfill and minimize their needs.
Quality Seed Production, Nutritionally Enriched Variety Development and Potato Germplasm Conservation Through in Vitro and Ex Vitro Techniques
(University of Rajshahi, 2013) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Hossain, M. Monzur
Potato is the 2nd most important crop after rice in Bangladesh where 147.9 million people live in a small 147570 square kilometer space. The cultivable land scarcity is the major limitation for the horizontal increase of food production for the future food security of the country in terms of yield and nutritional values. The potato is the most energy efficient crop in the world that can contribute to vertical increase in food production for insuring food security in Bangladesh. Keeping this notion in mind the present research work was undertaken with a view to improve potatoes for both quantitative and qualitative attributes. In the present study the following research issues were addressed: I) The improvement of tissue culture technology for the production of high quality seed potato; ii) The development of nutritionally enriched potato cultivars through selective biochemical property profiling; iii) The improvement of pro-vitamin A and iron (Fe) content in selected potato cultivar through the induction and evaluation of soma clonal variation and iv) the improvement of the in vitro conservation method for potato germplasm conservation. For the production of high-quality seed potato using tissue culture, apical meristems of 25-35 days old field grown plants were cultured onto filter paper bridge in liquid MS medium supplemented with different formulation of GA3 and Kin. Among the various growth regulator formulations 0.5 mg/l GA3 + 0.4 mg/l Kin was found the most effective medium formulation for the primary establishment of meristem culture. The cultured meristem tips were found to grew into healthy shoots. The meristem grown plants were found free of the presence of PVX, PVY and PLRV as reveled by ELISA test. In order to improve the micropropagation method for virus free planting materials the meristem grown plantlets were cut into individual nodes and cultured separately onto MS0 medium. This experiment reveals that healthy shoot growth along with the highest numbers of culturable nodes was found when 3rd node was used as explant. In order to optimize the requirement of organic components in MS medium the individual node cuttings of six potato cultivars was sub cultured onto different MS media formulations viz. M1 (Thiamine HCl free MS medium), M2 (Nicotinic acid free MS medium), M3 (Pyridoxine HCl free MS medium), M4 (Myo-inositol free MS medium), M5 (Glycine free MS medium) and MS0. It is noticed that M2 and M3 media had no significant effect on micropropagation of six potato cultivars. Among the different cultivars, Asterix was found to be the most responsive cultivar followed by Diamant to micropropagation. Single nodal cuttings of in vitro grown plantlets of six potato cultivars were cultured onto agar solidified MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of sucrose and different BA or Kin formulations for microtube development. Single nodal cuttings were also cultured onto cotton based and cotton free MS liquid medium. Among the different treatments 8% sucrose with 10 mg/l BA or 3.5 mg/l Kin was found the most effective media formulations for microtuberizaton. The plantlets (PL) and the micro tubers (MT) of six potato cultivars were transplanted in to field in order to study their field performance. The performance of plantlet derived plants was significantly better than that of micro tuber grown plants for various characters used as assessment parameters including tuber yield. Field performance of minituber, breeder and foundation seed tubers of PL and MT groups were also studied. The tuber yield of the tissue culture derived plants was significantly higher than that of source seed propagated crop. Asterix was found to be superior to other cultivars in tuber weight. Nutritional quality of field grown fresh potato tubers of 44 potato cultivars was studied. Among the cultivars, All Red possessed the highest concentration of iron (Fe) and pro-vitamin A (β-carotene); Indurkani was possessed of high concentrations of soluble protein, iron (Fe) and phenolic compounds; Lady Rosetta had highest Zn and Co; JPR was abundant in K and Cd respectively. The cultivars Baraka, Hagri, Jam Alu and Lal Pakri were rich in Ca, starch, vitamin C and Co, respectively. On other hand cultivars Banana, Chipeta, Kenne, Blondy, Martin, Fibula and Call White were abundant in total sugar, reducing sugar, Mn, Cu, Cr, Pb and As, respectively. Callus was induced and plant was regenerated form the Calli for the induction and evaluation of soma clonal variation with a view to increase pro-vitamin A and iron (Fe) content in selected potato cultivar. The higher shoot regeneration rate was found in MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/1 BA + 0.1 mg/I GA3. In the field evaluation of soma clones AR-01 line appeared to show significantly higher content of iron. For in vitro germplasm conservation, single nodal explants of five potato cultivars were sub cultured onto MS medium supplemented with different sorbitol and mannitol formulations. In this experiment MS medium with 20 g/l sucrose + 40 g/l sorbitol was the most effective medium formulation where the survivability of plantlet was the longest.