Browsing by Author "KHATUN, AMINA"

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PROFITABILITY AND RESOURCE USE EFFICIENCY OF TOMATO PRODUCTION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF NARSINGDI DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2018) KHATUN, AMINA
In the agrarian and poor densely populated country like Bangladesh which is situated in South Asia, vegetable plays a crucial role in supplying nutrition and generating income and employment opportunities. The study was conducted to analyse the profitability, contribution of factors in yield and socioeconomic status of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) producing farmers at Narsingdi Sadar & Raipura thana under Narsingdi district to assess the profitability, contribution of factors to production and changes in socio-economic status of the farmers. The study was based on primary data, collected from 90 farmers, selected using a simple random sampling technique. The main factors of production like, seeds, human labour, tillage, fertilizer, manure, irrigation, hormone and pestticides were considered to estimate the impacts on tomato production. Amongst 2 thanas, farmers from Raipura earned highest profit. Gross returns for per hectare were Tk. 933160 corresponding net returns was Tk. 545637. Moreover, the undiscounted benefit cost ratio of was in total (2.4). The coefficient of determinations (R 2 ) was about 0.876, which indicates that about 87 percent of variations of tomato production are explained by the independent variables. The result showed that human labour, tillage, fertilizer and manures of the variables were significantly positive, which implies independent inputs had effective contribution to increase tomato production. The ratio of MVP and MFC of seed, land preparation, Fertilizer, Manure, Hired labour and Irrigation was found 5.18, 2.42, 12.62, 7.86, 0.877 and 30.88 respectively. About 35 % of total variable cost was incurred for using human labour, respectively. Timely non availability of labour, insect and diseases attack was reportedly the major problems for tomato production. Effective policy and proper extension services have therefore, to be ensured to increase income and employment opportunities of the tomato farmers.
SEED BORNE MYCOFLORA OF DIFFERENT VARIETIES OF COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) AND THEIR MANAGEMENT
(©University of Dhaka, 2023-02-23) KHATUN, AMINA
Cotton “The king of Fibers” is one of the most renowned, reliable fiber yielding cash crops around the world including Bangladesh. It is the most important cash crop next to jute in Bangladesh. The present research work was undertaken to detect, identify the seed borne mycoflora of 14 varieties (CB1-CB14) of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) in Bangladesh and to screen out the efficacy of selected antagonistic fungi, plant parts extracts and fungicides against the fungal pathogens associated with cotton seeds. Seed samples were collected from Cotton Research, Training and Seed multiplication Farm, Sreepur under the district of Gazipur. Quality analysis showed that the percentage of pure seeds varied from 97.08-99.92%, the germination percentage of different varieties of cotton seeds were ranged from 80-93%, the mortality percentage were in the range of 16.05-50.30% and the moisture level was varied from 10.0-11.3%. The fungi associated with the different varieties of cotton seeds were isolated following Tissue planting method, Blotter method and Paper towel method. A total of twenty nine species of fungi namely Aspergillus aculeatus, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. nidulans, A. subramanianii, A. tamarii, A. toxicarius, A. wentii, Curvularia lunata, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, C. gossypii, Chaetomium globosum, Fusarium moniliforme, F. nivale, F. oxysporum, F. fujikuroi, F. solani, Lasiodiplodia theobromae, Meyerozyma guilliermondii, Mucor sp., Penicillium aculeatum, P. citrinum, Rhizoctonia solani, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. oryzae, Rhizomucor sp., Syncephalastrum racemosum and Trichoderma viride were found to be associated with the seeds of cotton. Isolated fungi were characterized and identified following standard literatures. Molecular identification of 19 fungi were conducted by using ITS sequence based analysis. Among the isolated fungi Aspergillus subramanianii, A. toxicarius, A. wentii, Penicillium aculeatum, P. citrinum, Rhizomucor sp. and Meyerozyma guilliermondii are the new records for Bangladesh. In Tissue planting method, the association of fungi varied with duration of storage periods. Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, Chaetomium globosum, Penicillium citrinum and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most predominant fungi in terms of prevalence and their frequency were also gradually increased with the increase of storage period. Chaetomium globosum was the most predominant fungi noticed in Blotter and Paper Towel method. Maximum number of fungi were found to be externally seed borne i.e. isolated from seed coat. Interrelationships among seed germination, purity percentage, seed moisture, fungi frequency and seedling mortality of cotton seeds were measured through correlation and regression analysis. Five positive correlations and 2 negative correlations were found among these 5 quality factors. Out of these 29 fungal species, nine were found to be pathogenic to cotton. They were Aspergillus flavus Link, A. niger Van Tiegh, A. tamarii Kita G., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz & Sacc., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Sorauer, F. moniliforme J. Shelden, Mucor sp. P. Micheli ex L. and Rhizoctonia solani Khun. These pathogenic fungi had remarkable effect on seed germination, vigor index, root-shoot length and mortality of cotton seedlings. All the pathogenic fungi showed transmission nature i.e. fungi transferred from seeds to seedlings in both earthen pot and water agar culture. In pot experiment, percentage of seed to seedling transmission of fungi varied from 17.85 (A. niger) to 46.56% (F. moniliforme) and in water agar test, Rhizoctonia solani showed highest percentage of seed to seedling transmission (35.27%). The antagonistic potentials of four soil fungi against pathogenic fungi were evaluated by "dual culture colony interaction”, volatile and non-volatile metabolites. In "dual culture colony interaction", out of four soil fungi, the highest growth inhibition (84.0%) was observed by A. fumigatus against C. gloeosporioides. Volatile substances from soil fungi inhibited radial growth of the test pathogens varied from 33.3-72.4%. The highest inhibition (72.4%) was found in A. fumigatus against R. solani. Non-volatile substances showed inhibition of mycelial growth of cotton pathogens range from 47.06 to 81.82% at 20% concentration. The highest inhibition was observed owing to A. niger against F. nivale. Ten fungicides with different active ingredients viz., Capvit 50 WP, Contaf 5 EC, Dithane M- 45, Knowin 50 WP, Nativo 75 WP, Ridomil MZ Gold, Score 250 EC, Secure, Silica 80 WG and Tilt 250 EC were selected to evaluate their in vitro efficacy at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations against the nine pathogenic test fungi. Contaf and Tilt were found most efficient inhibitor which completely inhibited the radial growth of the test pathogens which was followed by Nativo, Knowin, Score, Dithane, Capvit, Secure, Ridomil and Silica. Antifungal properties of ethanol extracts of ten higher plants namely Adhatoda vasica L., Aegle mermelos L., Azadirachta indica A. Juss., Citrus lemon L., Datura metel L., Mangifera indica L., Moringa oleifera Lam., Ocimum sanctum L., Psidium guajava L. and Tagetes patula L. at 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations were evaluated against the test pathogens. As regards the plant extracts, the P. guajava and A. indica were found most efficient inhibitor of the test pathogens followed by C. lemon, A. vasica, D. metel, A. mermelos, T. patula, M. oleifera, O. sanctum and M. indica at 20% concentration. In field experiment out of 19 treatments, T1 (Tilt) and T11 (Tilt + A. indica + T. viride) showed highest seed germination, seedling vigor index against A. flavus, A. niger, C. lunata, F. nivale, Mucor sp. and A. tamarii, C. gloeosporioides, F. moniliforme and R. solani, respectively. On the other hand, T5 (T. viride), T10 (Tilt + P. guajava + T. viride) and T14 (Tilt + A. indica ) showed promising germination percentage and seedling vigor index against A. flavus, R. solani and A. tamarii, F. nivale and A. niger, C. gloeosporioides, C. lunata, F. moniliforme, Mucor sp., respectively.