Browsing by Author "Islam, Ms. Ishrat"

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Analysis of the trend and inter-regional variation of urbanization in Bangladesh
(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, 2007-08) Anisha Noori Kakon; Islam, Ms. Ishrat
Rangladesh is charaderi~ed hy rapid urbanization, backed by a huge base populalion. It is al.,o ~haraclerized by heavy concenlration of population in a few large cities. The national and regional trends of urbanization in Bangladesh for the la,t three con,ecutive census year, 1981, 1991 and 2001 were studied ill this re,ea,..;h. It revealed that there is con,iderable spatial and temp,-,ral imbalance ,-,f urbani7.ation in I",lh divisional and regi()nal (Iormer di,triel) leveL For example the twenty regi()ns of Bangladesh held the varying levels of urbanizalion ranging fmm about 10% to 60%. AI()ng with thi" regi()nal inequality in the di,tnbution ()f urban population was analyzed using Location Quotient (L.Q.) of different regions and Gini Index. The values of Gini-coefficient, were found 0.314. 0,354 and 0.340 in the year 1981, 1991 and 2001 respectively. It indicates that the urban population distribution is unequal in the twenty regions. The aspects which are closely associaled with le\'el of urbani/ation ,ueh as percenlage of urban land, urban population den,ity, share 01' nalionalurban population and share of national urban land were also studied here. Again the distl'ibution of urban centers according to population size is not uniform. At presel1t Dhaka, the capital and largest city \vith over 9,7 million people, has about 33';', of the total urban population, This study also anal}'zed the trend and nature of urbanization at different hierarchies of urban centers in Bangladesh viz, mega city, statistical metropolitan area, municipality etc Il ,,'as fO\lnd that the rale of gro",th of population is several times higher L11 those urban centers compare to the expansion of urban area, lhu, increa.,ing density of population in these areas. For example during 1991 to 200 I in mega clly Dhaka the decadal variation of population and area were 49.1 percent and 1.34 pereent respectively re",tiling increased den,ity "fpopulation from 4795 perSClllsl8q.km to 7054 persons/sq. km in the ,ame interval of time . .1hi, study was not only limited to the ,tudy of regional variation of urbanization. II explicitly analyzed Mlme ,()ci,,-~conomic ami infra,lruclural factors affectillg this variation With their relative and changing imporlanee in thi, regard. For this purp"se Ri~ariate Correlation Coefficients of the dependent variable i,e. level of urbanization Wilh independenl vanable, were measured lor the lhree consecutive cen.,use,>, It was found that nOll-agricultural activities, level of indu,trialization. percentage of urban land, walcr supply coverage. sanitalion coverage and el~ctricity coverage are strongly positively cOl'related with level of urbanization all along. Morcover, it wa, found that all the faclors ar~ not equally significant ",ilh level of urbanintion all the time. For example thc variables rural-urban migration and literacy rale Were f()und significant in the year 1991 hut in ]981 and 2001 these wcrc found insignilicant. In this study secondary data was used and the main source of data was the various census and annual reporl~ conducted by Bangladesh Burea\l of Statistics (BBS).
Aspects of social interaction in the neighbourhoods of Dhaka city
(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, 2006-06) Marshia Tashmim Akbar; Islam, Ms. Ishrat
Lick of ,>ociallie, among the peopk of re"dcnllai areas i, identified ilSan overwhelming drawb~ck or contemporary urbaniz~lion_ In Dhaka Clly it is observed that new nClghbolll'hoods are being created, older areas are being redeveloped and housing [donn rroccs~cs Ims brought abo",! major changes in patterns of uwner:shlp and mobility. Therefore, hoth new arrivals ,md more e~lahlishcd residents of Dhaka Clly have been e~pencncmg significant disruption and transfonnallon in their daily live~. In the context of phy~ical and social trJnsilion 10 rCSldcnlml areas in contemporary Dhaka, the lradltional neighbourhood tie~ lha! existed in the old Ohaku 8e~m to be dcchnmg d~y by tks of the re~ident~ sueh as income, family Slructure, housing characteristics etc. and physical charactenstlcs of the neighbourhoods such a" buildmg paucrn, street layout, 10~iltion of puhlic places ctc. Some factors work a, p()~lllvc foree and some are as negalive force. The intluenee of Ihese factors also varie> from one nClghbourhood to another becau,e of Lhedi,tinct SOClOphysi~ ahulturill ~ritena of thc ~llld,ed nClghbOUl.hoods, •• Soci~l inler~cl",n fncndly physical environment are need to be created in lhe neighbourhoods of Dhuka City by lncorporating pllbli~ "'puce, und pedestrian friendly environment. throllgh ,Ir<:hiteetural dcslgn of buildings thill promote eye contact and en~lluruge people to talk and e:l.~hange greetings. SOClalmitiatives i>lIchu~, fonnallon of neighbOllrhood based 3ssoeiation ~nd anangmg social and eultllf~l evenls for re~idents especially for children ,s necessary to enhance "xial interactlOn. As soci31 connectednes,> at the neighborhood level plays a vllal role in promotmg wellbeing and strengthening eommunitie" u nelghhourhood should constilule a mhesive unit both 111terms of lhe phy"kal layout and the resIdents. social "ell heing. Both professIOnals and civil sociely can play ,ignilicant role III buiJdlllg strong communities where indlVlduals. families. and children arc valued and supported in the neighhollrllOOds of Dhaka City.
Study of home based industry in selected slum area of Dhaka
(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, 2005-11) Selim Reza, Md.; Islam, Ms. Ishrat
For abstracts please see full text
Study of urban forestry through road side tree plantation in Dhaka city
(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, 2006-09) Sabequn Nahar Mukti; Islam, Ms. Ishrat
Urban forestry is an economic asset, when they arC increasingly regardcd as a vital component of the urban infrastructure, essential in mamtaming a livable and sustainahle environment. This re,earch focuses on the overall planning and management of the roadside tree plantation in Dhaka eity thl'Ough its different tree plantation programs and projects including the existing "Dhaka City BeautifkatlOn ProJcct", Thi, .,tndy encompasses Dhaka C1ty Corporation (DCC) area where plantallon programs havc bcen undertaken hy DeC and the Fore,t Dcpaltment (FD) during the years. Primal)' and secondary materials have been u,ed to analyze the ~vailable information and to examine the existing plantation SituatIOnin practice. Tr~~s are very important parr for impwving p~ople's livelihood 3' well a, balancing ecologicul, social and econolllic~l environment in an urban area 'fhe "COp~and importance of urban fo' estry through roadside tyeepl~ntation of Dhaka eily h~vc b~en highlighted in this paper. The ~speets of lllanugemcnt to maintain the health and strength of roadside tree plantation have been narrated. The main finding is llmt thc practice of roadside plantation is mcreasing, In 2004 "nd 2006, two field surveys have been conducted by (he author to lind out the growing trend of plantation in urban fore,try through road side plantation. The study found that th~ u&Cof oroalllelllJI rr~e, for mati .,ide tree plantation ha, lwen inc
Study on urban signs in Dhaka
(Department of Urban and Regional Planning, 2005-09) Rafiqul Islam, Md.; Islam, Ms. Ishrat
Dbaka, witb 10,7 million population. p05se,ses llLh p'1silJon among tb~ 19 mega cities of th~ world. According to thc projcction, it will be 4th m~ga city of the world WIth 21.1 million population in 2015 (UNFPA Report. 20(3). Dhaka City can be called a city of signs. The nllmbcr of pellplc, commerCIal activities and physical extent of the ~ily arc inel'ea,ing day by day, Along with these, the number of signs i" als'1 increasing. Signs are being used in Bangladesh since 50~-60s of nineteenth century and were being considered as important v)sual elements. Since tlle boom in jute trade at Dbaka in 1854 to till today, approach and strategy of advel1isement is changing continuously, Not '1nly the number of signs ha~ been increased in this city 50 far, but also the design, style, color. technology of sign has been tremend'1usly changed. ln devel'1ped countries, there is a Sign ordinance or eomprehen,ive sign p'1llcy for each of their big cities like Dhaka [0 have overall C'1ntrol on sign. Atthc same time, up to 201l5, in Bangladesh, there is no individual SIb'll ordillance '1r comprehensive sign policy for any of her cities. Even, no research has been conducted to find out a way to control the gl'Owth of sign. In January 2003, only a _"gn policy has been fonnulated by Dhnka City Corporation, which i, rclnted to business signs only, The research was conducted to study urban ~igns of Dhaka and existing rules and regulatIOns regarding urban sign and to study the visual impact of sign on the city and city people from peoples perspective. This shldy was also done to provide some gUIdelines for a comprt:hensive model sign ordinance. The research was conducted on five typical area, of Dhaka City e.g. Mirpur road- Elephant road, University area; Mohakhali-TeJgaon; Gulshan; Old Dhaka and Utlara. This study Jound out the existmg ,;ituation of different issues on sign,; e,g. taxation, challenges of dealing,; in/wIth signs, a snapshot on the physical sccnario of ,;igns, sporadic rules - I'Cb'Uiation" current practice,; regarding sign, Dhaka City Corporation policy on signs, ~iolal1ons of the pohey. people', pcrccption regarding benet,! and adverse C[fect of sign" perccption regarding locaticll1 of SIgnS, means to increase the efficiency 0[' signs etc. The study reveals that the existing rules and regulations regarding Slb'l1Sarc insufficient and spOl'adic; there is no guidelines in any where of the existing p'1lieies and laws '1f Bangladcsh for political sign, banner, festoon, wall "'fiting, content relevancy etc, The ,tudy also reveals that 7% of total signs are poorly nwinlained among the surveyed sign,; total 389 signs (13.71\%) out of 282\ has violated nominal yenkal clearance; Dhaka City CorpOl'ation nuthority keeps only the records of thosc signs from which they eilm rcvcnue; signs nrc placed in the restricted places violating the cXlsting policy; the participant, of the Focus Group DiscUSSlOilShave a number of altemall ve ldeas for increa~mg cfliciency and reducing the l1umber of signs in the city and also for rcuueing visual blight. It is evident from this stuuy that gcneral city dwellers as th~ larget beneficiaries of the signs can play an important role for formulating policies I ordinances through propel' participatIOn. The general people have some consttuctiyc comments and ideas rcgarding desired images of signs for Dhaka Mega City.