Browsing by Author "Islam, Mohammad Ariful"

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A comparative analysis between STD (Goods) of PPR 2008 and SPD (Goods) of WB procurement guideline and lessons from WB procurement guideline
(BRAC University, 2024-01) Islam, Mohammad Ariful; Khan, Masud Akhter
Bangladesh is a country that has already graduated as a developing country. The Country requires robust and sustained economic growth to maintain that economic position. To this end, to bring discipline to the Public Procurement of Bangladesh, Public Procurement Regulation 2003 has been promulgated. Later on PPA- 2006 and PPR-2008 have been promulgated and the Public Procurement Regulation was abolished. The public procurement of Bangladesh has been regulated by PG-2006, PPR-08, STDs, and SRFPs. The provisions of these instruments keep changing based on reality. All the procuring entities in the public sector come under the same umbrella of those above-mentioned acts and rules. These acts and rules are very comprehensive and cover almost every aspect of national and international procurement for all nature of procurement. In Public Procurement PPR will not be applied fully when development partners are involved and their guidelines will prevail. This can be said that the maximum guidance in the two guidelines is almost the same and there are some minor differences in some specific cases. There are some differences between PPR and the World Bank Procurement guideline. The Standard Tender Document of the Bangladesh government is Prepared by following PPR and the Standard Procurement Document of WB is Prepared by following WB Procurement Guideline. Both two Regulations are Regularly updated by the relevant authority. After analysis of both tender documents of PPR and WB, this can be suggested that some issues can be included in PPR from WB guidelines for betterment of Public Procurement like Stans Still Period before NOA, Negotiation and BAFO for goods procurement, Cost of Ownership, Procurement Related Complain, abnormally low bid and proposal, Guideline for Value for money.
Covert data transmission using secret-sharing and network steganography
(BRAC University, 2024-01) Islam, Mohammad Ariful; Simran, Shahrin Shafiq; Aseef, Mahir; Rahman, Labiba; Shakil, Arif; Hossain, Muhammad Iqbal
The present has made us more dependent on technology than ever before. As technology develops and new fields emerge, it has become more complicated to maintain a safe, secure, and covert environment for transmitting valuable information. Although cryptographic techniques are pretty strong in communication systems, they cannot be used as a standalone tool to communicate covertly. Covert transmission is vital for those who require extreme privacy and security, such as national defense organizations. Over the years, much research has been done based on covert data sent over a network. Our research has produced a new model to provide secure and hidden data transmission in a LAN. Our system model will be divided into secret sharing, network steganography, and hashing for integrity checks. The model will split the secret message into shares using Shamir’s secret sharing scheme to add redundancy to our model so that even if some shares are lost during transmission, the message can still be reconstructed. Each share is hashed, and selected bits from the hash are appended to the corresponding share to provide integrity. Finally, we have used an ARP steganography technique and an IP steganography algorithm to send the shares, where each share is sent through one of the covert channels but not both. The steganographic algorithms provide a covert transmission channel and confidentiality for the transmission. A comprehensive security analysis of the overall model has been provided, highlighting how it provides security and covertness, potential vulnerabilities and weaknesses, and possible solutions.
Effects of Nitrogen and Potassium on Yield and Quality Of Potato (Solanum Tuberosum L.) Cultivars
(Bangladesh J.ournal of Botany, 2023-06) Nahid, Meher; Razzaque, Md Abdur; Bhuiyan, Mohammad Nazrul Islam; Islam, Mohammad Ariful; Begum, Rokeya; Roy, Tuhin Suvra
Effects of nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) fertilization rates on the yield and quality of two potato cultivars, Asterix and Courage were conducted. The treatment combination of N2K2 (N2: 140 kg ha−1 and K2: 152 kg ha−1) had the highest total yield (31.38 and 22.51 t ha-1), marketable tuber yield (29.08 and 20.49 t ha-1) and chips potato yield (36.63 and 36.96%) of the 18 treatment combinations for Asterix and Courage cultivar, respectively. The treatment combination of N2K2 had also the highest specific gravity (1.07 and 1.17 gcm-3), dry matter (22.65 and 22.77%), firmness (45.13 and 42.92 N), and lowest total soluble solid (4.30 and 4.23 oBrix) in both the cultivars, whereas the colour of the chips revealed the least crispness (0.15 and 0.17 N). In order to enhance potato processing quality without reducing production, a lower N and higher K treatment combination may be employed.
Molecular and bioinformatic strategies in reducing the burden of influenza infections in slum areas of Dhaka
(University of Dhaka, 2018-04-17) Islam, Mohammad Ariful
Influenza epidemics are caused by rapid evolution of the viral genotypes and play a significant role in the annual mortality and morbidity due to respiratory tract infections in tropical countries like Bangladesh. In low-income countries, influenza associated hospitalization is more prevalent in impoverished population such as slums. In Bangladesh, data on influenza infections in slums of densely populated Dhaka city is limited. Aims of this study were to detect circulatory influenza strains in slums, genetic characterization by molecular and serological methods, assessment of antiviral drug susceptibility of the virus and prediction of putative candidate epitope by in silico approach for alternate vaccine design. In this study course, 993 nasal and throat swabs were collected from patients presented influenza-like illness (ILI) from Rayerbazar, Hazaraibagh, Mohammadpur slums in Southeast Dhaka, Bangladesh between June 2012 and August 2013. Influenza viruses were detected using real time RT-PCR. One hundred one (10%) samples were identified as influenza positive, 47 influenza A (19 A/H1N1pdm09 and 26 A/H3N2) and 54 influenza B viruses including both B/Yamagata and B/Victoria lineages. Influenza positive samples were antigenically characterized by Hemagglutination Inhibition Assay (HAI) which revealed that Bangladeshi strains were antigenically similar to the WHO recommended vaccine strain for the Northern Hemisphere. Complete genome sequencing of two representative influenza A strains were conducted by sanger method and analyzed by BLAST, BioEdit, and Mega tools. Based on complete genome sequence, A/H1N1pdm and A/H3N2 strains were almost identical to other contemporary Bangladeshi strains as well as the globally circulating strains. In the phylogenetic analysis, HA gene of A/H1N1pdm and A/H3N2 were clustered in clade 6B and 3C.3, respectively. Compared to the vaccine strain, A/H1N1pdm showed at least three mutations, K163Q, S185T, and S203T, respectively in the HA antigenic sites (Sa, Sb, and Ca) while receptor binding sites remained conserved. Mutations were also observed at residue E374K of HA which is essential for membrane fusion. N-linked glycosylation sites were conserved in HA gene but one alteration at position 42 in NA gene was identified. The A/H3N2 showed two mutations at the antigenic site A with substitutions T144A and B, R158G in HA while receptor binding sites remained conserved. No strains had mutations that have been reported as responsible for enhanced virulence. Antiviral assay was performed in confluent monolayer of MDCK cells in 96-well plate in duplicate by MTT assay. Both strains were susceptible to the antiviral drugs routinely Abstract xvi | P a g e prescribed. Candidate epitope prediction was performed through in silico approach and putative peptide vaccine was determined. This study demonstrates several intriguing findings towards the understanding of genetic diversity of influenza viruses in Bangladesh and prediction of alternate vaccine approaches to reduce the burden of the disease. First, at least four types of influenza viruses were circulating during the study period which justifies that a quadrivalent influenza vaccine formulation that includes influenza A, influenza B, and both lineages of influenza B viruses could be more effective to reduce influenza disease burden in the country. Second, although Bangladeshi strains and WHO recommended vaccine strains are antigenically similar, several mutations were identified. It is interesting to see whether these mutations have any impact on vaccine efficacy. Third, all slum strains were found to be sensitive to the drugs routinely used for influenza treatment. The strains were analyzed based on known molecular markers for the drug resistance which could be useful for the clinical management of the patients particularly during pandemic situation. Fourth, prediction of HA and NA based candidate epitopes on the study strains could facilitate alternate vaccine approach. Notably, in Bangladesh the influenza vaccination has not been implemented in the national vaccination schedule and the vaccine effectiveness among Bangladeshi population is remained unknown. Therefore, assessment of current vaccine effectiveness as well as efforts to assess alternate vaccine approaches are required. In summary, the findings of this study contribute to understanding the characterization of slum influenza viruses that will be useful for routine surveillance, potential drug recommendation. Moreover, candidate epitope prediction will guide for alternate and improved vaccine for the control of influenza in future.