Browsing by Author "Islam, Md. Shahidul"

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A Machine Learning Approach to Recognize Junk Food
(Scopus, 2020) Khan, Tanjed Ahmed; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Ullah, S.M Aman; Rabby, AKM Shahariar Azad
People are naturally food grains. So they are always looking for appetizing food and junk foods are the largest source of it. Recent time the most observable point is that peoples are attracted to outdoor foods than homemade foods. As a result our dietary is changing and we are leaning to junk food day by day which causes a bad effect on our health and increases the risk of health disorders. Machine learning facts are being used in every inch of our life and recognizing object through image processing is one of those. Although, the reason of foods being different in nature make this process critical where traditional approaches will be the cause of a poor accuracy rate. Deep Neural Network has outperformed all of these problems. In this study, we tried to recognize local junk foods based on a new dataset consist of 2000 data belonging 5 junk food classes. All the data in the data set were collected using Smart-phone camera and believed to be unique in every sense. Convolution Neural Network (CNN) technology was used to reach the goal which is renowned for image processing. Throughout the study we achieve an accuracy of 90.47% which turned out to be satisfying. Furthermore we did test based on real-life scenario and the result was out of the mark. Our ambition is to take this study to the next level which will be implemented on another study later on. Designing such system that will prevent the society not to take junk food and be conscious about health is our final goal.
A Study of Comparing Total Population of Bangladesh with Age- Structured Linear Sharpe-Lotka Model and Malthusian Model.
(City University, 2020) Rahman, Sumaiya Bintea; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Noman, Md.Talal Bin
We consider an age-structured linear continuous population model named Sharpe-Lotka model, incorporating an factor contributes to limiting effect which may be occur due to lack of resources. This factor depends on the whole population rather than on any specific age group. In our paper, we investigate the total population size of Malthusian model and Sharpe-Lotka model for some specific age group & compare our investigated solutions with the total population of Bangladesh by using numerical method “Newton’s backward interpolation formula”.
An Algorithm For Multilingual Text Compression
(Bangladesh Electronics Society: Rajshahi, Bangladesh, 27-Jun-2008) Salam, Md. Rezwan; Islam, Md. Shahidul
Multilingual means use of multiple languages. A multilingual text contains text from multiple languages. Multilingual text is essential if we have to show some text to users of multiple languages. Multilingual text use Unicode base character set. Unicode provide unique bit pattern for every character of all languages. In Unicode the bit length of each character is 16 bit. So the text size of a multilingual text increases very much. As a result when a user wants to send a multilingual text through some paid channel he has to pay more than usual. So compression of multilingual text is essential. This paper proposes an efficient algorithm for multilingual text compression, so that any multilingual text can be transferred through any paid channel reducing the communication cost.
An Assessment of Vulnerability to HIV Infection of Female Smugglers in Hilli Port, Bangladesh
(University of Rajshahi, 2013) Islam, Md. Shahidul; Islam, Md. Rafiqul; Mondal, Md. Nazrul Islam
Female smugglers in Hilli port of Bangladesh are more vulnerable of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) and HIV/AIDS because of their high mobility. Therefore, the assessment of vulnerability to HIV infection among female smugglers has long been an interesting topic to population and health researchers in Bangladesh. This study is an effort to assess the determinants of knowledge and awareness about HIV/AIDS, HIV/AIDS contamination risks, sexually abused through smuggling, perpetrators of sexually abused and perpetrators of drug affection among female smugglers based on the data of 300 female smugglers in Hilli port, Bangladesh collected by purposive sampling technique, which are the key elements of the assessment of vulnerability to HIV infection. To carry out the objectives, univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques like descriptive statistics, chi-square test, binary logistic regression analysis and multinomial logistic regression analysis have been employed in accordance with their importance. In this study, it is observed that most of the female smugglers are belonged to <30 years of ages (82%) in which a remarkable numbers (22.3%) are teenagers, i.e., 10-20 years aged. The majorities have primary (30%) and under secondary (31.7%) level of education. Similar pattern of parent’s educational qualification has been observed where mother’s education has downgraded relative to father’s education in every level of education. Again, the majorities (63%) have earned 500-1000 Tk per month and all of female smugglers have improved their living conditions through this profession. Poverty (95%), pressure of family (56.3%) and absence of husband (38%) have been found as main cause of involvement in this profession. However, only 50% have details knowledge, 51.3% have knowledge about the way to protect from HIV/AIDS and 45% have awareness about HIV/AIDS. Although 70% female smugglers know that condom can protect this epidemic but only 30% use condom at the time of sex. The majorities (69.3%) think that they have the risks of HIV/AIDS contamination because 74% have been sexually abused by male colleagues (53.5%), Indian track drivers (30.9%), BSF (13.4%) and BGB (2.3%) through this profession, in which 55% exercise unsafe sex. Furthermore, most of the female smugglers (92.3%) have been influenced to take drug by male colleagues (39.7%), Indian track drivers (45.5%), BSF (11.2%) and BGB (3.6%) through the profession of smuggling. However, it has been identified that educated respondents, those have awareness by person, doctor and NGO workers, those have knowledge about the bad impact of HIV/AIDS from media, those are participated in HIV/AIDS seminar and in religious seminar are more likely to have knowledge about HIV/AIDS as compared with their counterparts respectively; and respondents who are belonged to >20 years of age group, those have awareness by person, doctor and NGO workers and who have any understanding with HIV affected persons are more likely to have awareness about HIV/AIDS as against their counterparts respectively. Again, there have been found the statistical significant association of HIV/AIDS contamination risks with knowledge about the way to protect from HIV/AIDS, exercise unsafe sex, participation on HIV/AIDS seminar, sexually abused passing through smuggling, using condom in sexual relation and influence to taking drugs in this profession respectively. In addition, respondents who exercise unsafe sex, those are sexually abused and influenced to take drugs passing through smuggling have found to be having more risks of HIV/AIDS contamination as against their counterparts respectively. In this study, smuggler’s age, father’s education, marital status, reasons of coming to smuggling, monthly income through smuggling and unsafe sex have statistical significant association; and smuggler’s age, reasons of coming to this profession, monthly income through smuggling, unsafe sex and drug affecting have statistical significant effect on sexually abused through smuggling respectively. It is also mentionable that female smugglers are more vulnerable of sexually abused after 25 years of their ages and poverty is one of the main reasons to coming this profession which is also significant reason of sexually abused. Nevertheless, the chance of sexually abused has been decreased with increasing the monthly income through smuggling. It has been determined through multinomial logistic regression analysis that father’s education, marital status, unsafe sex and types of drug affecting have significant effect on Indian track driver; and respondent’s educational status, marital status, reasons of coming to smuggling and monthly income through smuggling have significant effect on BSF/BGB by whom female smugglers are sexually abused. It is clear that the vulnerability of sexually abused by BSF/BGB decreases with increasing the smuggler’s educational level and monthly income through this profession; and unmarried female smugglers and those have the habit of unsafe sex and injection or other types of drug using have been sexually abused more by Indian track driver respectively. There have also been found the significant associations of perpetrators of drug affecting with smuggler’s age, educational status, father’s education, mother’s education, marital status, reasons of coming to smuggling, monthly income through smuggling, unsafe sex and types of drug affecting respectively. The tendency of drug affecting through male colleague of smuggling and Indian track driver is increasing with increasing smuggler’s age, and unmarried female smugglers have more chance of drug affecting by them. Moreover, the smugglers whose reasons of coming to this profession is poverty have more chance of drug affecting by male colleague of smuggling and the smugglers who exercise unsafe sex have more chance of drug affecting by Indian track driver as against their counterparts. In the light of the present study, it is strongly recommended that enhancing education with community based health related educational program through mass media, avoiding unsafe sex with increasing the effective use of condom, stopping the sexual harassment or sexually abused through smuggling and the influence to take drugs by their male colleagues, Indian track drivers or others in the profession, empowering the female smugglers and poverty reduction strategy are essential for reducing the vulnerability to HIV infection as well as for stopping smuggling among female smugglers in Hilli port, Bangladesh. Hopefully, this study would be very helpful for policy makers, program designers/planners to design or redesign program(s) or existing program(s) considering the identified risk factors.
ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF A MULTI-BAND MICROSTRIP PATCH ANTENNA
(Daffodil International University, 2018-12-01) Babu, Sujun; Islam, Md. Shahidul
Wireless communication has been developed widely and rapidly in the modern world specifically during the last two decades. The future development of the particular communication devices will aim to afford image, speech and data communications at any time, and anywhere around the world. Communication between humans was main by sound through tone of voice. With the desire for a bit more distance communication came, devices for example drums, then visual methods for example signal flags and smoke cigarettes signals were used. These types of optical communication devices, obviously, utilized the light part of the electromagnetic spectrum, outdoors visible region, has been useful for communication, through the utilization of radio. The thesis provides a detailed study of how to design and fabricate a Probe-fed Rectangular Microstrip Patch antenna using CST software and study the effect of antenna dimensions length (L), and substrate parameters comparative Dielectric constant (𝜖𝑟), substrate thickness (t) on the Radiation parameters of Bandwidth and Beam-width.
Analysis Of Marketing Mix Of Daffodil International Professional Training Institute (Dipti)
(Daffodil International University, 2022-01-17) Islam, Md. Shahidul
In that report I have tried to focus on both my theoretical and practical knowledge, related to marketing. The subject of my project is "Analysis of the marketing mix of Daffodil International Professional Training Institute (DIPTI)". I have tried to identify the marketing mix of this company and find out how it is working on the progress of the company. Training institute serves both the students and training course/program, as well as local restaurants & Bars in Bangladesh. Through the uses of two competitive qualities, advantages, and flexibility we will succeed in developing a business with profitable manners. The highest-quality education provided is our main mission. We exist to attract and maintain customers. Everything else will be fine when we adhere to this maximum. Our services exceed the expectations of our customers. We have shown the current market situation and business description as required. I have provided these details on the basis of information gathered from various sources and from my own knowledge. Then I made some strategic planning, market trends, market summary, market growth, competition analysis, SWOT analysis and our competitive advantage. I also made a plan to provide pricing & marketing strategy and also a distribution channel. I mentioned local advertising and promotional activities.
Apply Machine learning approach to predict the Breast Cancer Tumor Type
(Daffodil International University, 2019-11) khan, Tanjed Ahmed; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Ullah, S.M Aman
Maximum people around the world use mobile phones as well as those in under resourced communities. This availability of the mobile phone creates a huge field of mobile health education technology which can gift a promising mechanism for rising cancer hindrance. Recent years, breast cancer has become one of the leading causes of female death in the over populated countries and not only over populated countries but also around the world. Moreover, the occurrence of breast cancer is increasing in the early age groups in this Asian area compared with the western countries. Hence, it’s high time to raise awareness to prevent this cancer or detect it in the early stage to decrease the female death rate. At present, machine learning is delivering exciting outcomes in the health care sector. If it can be applied to breast cancer detection and if it is possible to publish it via web application and mobile application then the health care sector will go a step further. In order to do so we propose a Web application and Mobile application which will help to predict breast cancer tumor type by using algorithmic result and will also provide suggestion regarding precautions and to enrich awareness.
Assessing information needs and user satisfaction of private university libraries in Dhaka city
(University of Dhaka, 2015-03-01) Islam, Md. Shahidul
Information is a vital resource of every sphere of human life. The role of information in education sector is very important and also essential in the modern age. Information is necessary for information seekers, e.g. researchers, faculty members, students and others. Library provides information and other resources to its users in the private university. Information needs and satisfaction of the users are fully depended on the performance of the library. Users’ satisfaction of the private university library depends on the library services, library systems, library facilities and infrastructural development. User satisfaction lies in the quality services provided by the library, responsiveness and competence of the library staff and available physical facilities of the library. The goal of the library depends on the satisfaction level of the users. This study has been attempted to assess information needs and satisfaction level of the private university library users in Dhaka city. For conducting this study two sets of questionnaires were designed. One set of questionnaire was prepared for the survey of the library resources and another set of questionnaire was for the library users. This study has been conducted for identifying present status of resources and services of private university libraries; to measure information needs and level of users’ satisfaction and also identify the problems faced by the users. The users of private university libraries in Dhaka city use the library for their required information and services regarding general books and reference books, research purpose, searching periodicals articles, using IT facilities and audio visual materials, teaching, recreation, current information, conference/seminar proceedings, periodicals, CAS & SDI services, reference and referral services, bibliographic services, indexing & abstracting services, reprographic services. In this situation the users are not fully satisfied regarding reference and text books materials, provided IT facilities, subscription rate of foreign journals, using computer in the daily operational activities, library systems and partially satisfied regarding provided services. To fulfil information needs and to bring up satisfaction of the users, this study has proposed two model plans. One model plan has proposed for information needs and the other model plan is proposed for users’ satisfaction. After conducting this study it is expected that if the authority of private university libraries follow the proposed model plan the libraries shall be success to identify information needs and fully satisfaction of their respective users. Appointment of an experienced librarian at opening of the library, to ensure adequate professional staff, to be available sufficient text and reference books according to needs and demands of the users, to subscribed national and international journal, to be ensure adequate training program for library personnel, to establish an effective library networking program for resources sharing, library orientation program for users and widely use of information technology are mainly suggested in this study for improving the satisfaction level of the users of private university libraries.
Brand acceptance of Quadque Technologies Limited
(BRAC University, 2023-06) Islam, Md. Shahidul; Adrita, Ummul Wara
The Internship report explains the key findings on the brand acceptance of a newly established IT and marketing firm. Also, I have given detailed information and the activities I have gone through during my internship period at the company. Moreover, what are the learnings, challenges I have faced and some recommendations I have for the company, are given in detail in this report. The name of the company where I have done my internship is Quadque Technologies Limited, it provides IT, computing and digital marketing services to different clients around the world. Through this report, I have also explained the key offerings, mission and vision, management procedures, team overview, details about the clients, SWOT, Porter’s Five Forces and the work culture of this company. To complete this report, both primary and secondary data sources have been used. Data are mostly taken from primary sources while conducting the report. However, the secondary data are accurately given in the reference part.
Cascade Classification of Face Liveliness Detection Using Heart Beat Measurement
(Proceedings of International Conference on Trends in Computational and Cognitive Engineering , Springer, 2020-12-17) Rahman, Md. Mahfujur; Al Mamun, Shamim; Kaiser, M. Shamim; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Rahman, Md. Arifur
Face detection and recognition is a prevalent concept in security and access control area which is commonly used in surveillance cameras at public places, attendance etc. But often this type of system can be circumvented by holding a photo or running a video of authorized person to the camera. Therefore, liveliness concept comes up with a solution to detect the person is real or spoofed. In this paper, We proposed a cascade classifier based model for detecting liveliness using deep-learning and Heart-beat measurement. Moreover, we have evaluated our model accuracy with our own dataset of real and fake videos and photos. By using our proposed model of face liveliness detection model, FPR and FNR have declined 16% and 5.22% respectively. In addition, we have also compared proposed system with other state-of-art methods. And here proposed study has achieved an accuracy of 99.46%.
Cascade Classification of Face Liveliness Detection Using Heart Beat Measurement
(Scopus, 2021) Rahman, Md. Mahfujur; Mamun, Shamim Al; Kaiser, M. Shamim; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Rahman, Md. Arifur
Face detection and recognition is a prevalent concept in security and access control area which is commonly used in surveillance cameras at public places, attendance etc. But often this type of system can be circumvented by holding a photo or running a video of authorized person to the camera. Therefore, liveliness concept comes up with a solution to detect the person is real or spoofed. In this paper, we proposed a cascade classifier based model for detecting liveliness using deep-learning and Heart-beat measurement. Moreover, we have evaluated our model accuracy with our own dataset of real and fake videos and photos. By using our proposed model of face liveliness detection model, FPR and FNR have declined 16% and 5.22% respectively. In addition, we have also compared proposed system with other state-of-art methods. And here proposed study has achieved an accuracy of 99.46%.
Evaluating suppliers/consultants and procuring entities in the landscape of public procurement in Bangladesh
(BRAC University, 2015-04) Islam, Md. Shahidul; Ahmed, Helaluzzaman
Promoting good corporate governance to the business community (suppliers/ consultants) and procuring entities in order to build professionalism about procurement issues is a latest challenge in the field of Public Procurement in Bangladesh. This paper discusses on application of Public Procurement Rules to develop a transparent, accountable and efficient procurement for better overall value for money and sustainable development of all sectors of the Government of Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to identify various implementation bottlenecks to the Public Procurement in Bangladesh.
Impact of climate change on crop agriculture southern region of Bangladesh: a Case Study of Banaripara Upazila ,Barisal.
(BRAC University, 2018-03) Islam, Md. Shahidul; Khan, Niaz Ahmad
The study was conducted on disaster prone area of Banaripara upazila Barisal, Bangladesh. The objective of the study was to find out the existing agricultural production system and how climate change is affecting agricultural cropping pattern. Primary data were collected using multiple approaches, e.g. key informant interviews, 40 interviews of each village of two. According to the resource map, there have very small amount of forest cover and forest reserve areas in the study areas. The stratification of the surveyed villages indicated that there were three wealth groups in both villages. On the context of the status of the three wealthy groups, it implies that vulnerabilities and adaptive capacities among groups vary accordingly in the two villages studied. From the field survey, it was clear that that the local responses on climate changes were more significant on their perceptions. It has been reported that the area becomes extremely hot during the day but during the night it remains very cold. This study also showed variation on rainfall patterns in different seasons. The average minimum temperature is decreasing but the average maximum temperature is increasing. The Rabi crops are less vulnerable to change rainfall rate in winter as the production rate of potato, vegetables and banana are increasing trends or constant. In Kharif season, paddy, mustard and wheat production varied with the rise and fall of rainfall intensity. In Kharif-II season, transplanted aman production showed the constant trends of production but the vegetables production fluctuated with the fluctuation of rainfall and temperature.
Impact of short duration and high yielding aman rice varieties in Manga areas of Bangladesh
(Journal by Innovative Scientific Information & Services Network, 2018) Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque; Islam, Md. Monjurul; Ali, Mohammad; Mazumder, Mohammad Nurun- Nabi; Nain, Julkar; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Islam, Md. Rashidul; OH, Taek-Keun; Park, Kee Woong
„Manga‟, a near-famine situation which hits the northern region of Bangladesh every year, has forced poor people either to borrow money from usurers at an excessively high interest rate or to sell their labor in advance at an unusually low rate to keep their families from starvation. Many people sell their meager produce of aman crops well before harvesting to tide them over during the acute shortage of employment and food. The five districts of the northern region of Bangladesh that are most affected by manga are Kurigram, Gaibandha, Lalmonirhat, Nilphamari, and Rangpur. Other locations significantly affected are the areas cultivated with rice variety Binadhan-7, which is grown for its low crop duration of 110-120 days and for its average yield of 4.07 t/ha. These characteristics are similar to those of local rice varieties Sarna (4.29 t/ha) and BR-11 (4.29 t/ha). Early maturing rice varieties, which are harvested during aman, facilitate rabi crop cultivation (winter crops). These crops include potato, mustard, and wheat among others. The cultivation of early maturing varieties also allows for the engagement of farm laborers in harvesting and processing activities during the manga period of October and November.
Implementation of dynamic vehicular rerouting, vehicular safety and pollution reduction techniques using VANET
(BRAC University, 2018-04) Arnab, Sandipan Paul; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Oshim, Mr. Md. Farhan Tasnim
Vehicular Ad hoc NETwork (VANET) is based on V2V communications between vehicles and V2I communications between vehicles and V2I communications between vehicles and access points located at the road-side infrastructures. This network would enable accessing real-time traffic conditions, emergencies, routing information and facilitate traffic safety, driver assistance, traffic police assistance and infotainment for passengers. Our research challenge is to ensure communication between incoming vehicles in a certain routes with emergency situations and compare different scenarios in order to give the best alternate route to the user. The choice of routing software along with the mapping and traffic enabling tools were crucial for carrying out the research. This thesis aims at implementation of dynamic re-routing techniques in VANET networks, addresses the challenges and improves by enhancing network capacity and then analyses on challenges and future trends of VANETs. The primary goal is to establish mathematical models to enhance the underlying traffic conditions, driver and vehicle safety applications and the current state of pollution gradient. The secondary goal is to base on the models to devise networking functions and protocols to exploit mobility and radio conditions to optimize VANETs. This re-routing can also be used to investigate and optimize the internetworking between vehicles and vehicles to infrastructure for different types of roads including urban, rural and highways as well as different traffic conditions.
Interaction Effect of Irrigation Frequency and Weed Control Methods on Growth and Yield of Sesame Crop
(International Journal of Plant & Soil Science, 2024-09) Islam, Zohirul; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Syfullah, Khalid
A field experiment was conducted at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University Farm, Dhaka during Kharif-1 season (March – June), 2014 to study the effect of irrigation frequency and weed control methods on growth and yield of sesame (Sesamum indicum). The experiment was consisted of two treatment factors, viz., factor- A: four levels of irrigation frequency and factor- B: four levels of weed control methods. The experiment was laid out in a split design. The highest plant height (104.4 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (104.6), number of branches plant-1 (6.44), number of capsules plant-1(54.97), number of seeds capsule-1 (58.53), 1000 seeds weight (3.213 g), seed yield (1.413 t ha-1) and harvest index (29.26%) were obtained with the interaction effect of I3W2 (three times irrigation + two hand weeding). But the shortest plant height (78.18), lowest dry weight plant 1 (15.36 g), number of leaves plant-1 (65.11), number of branches plant-1 (4.789), number of capsules plant-1 (44.77), number of seeds capsule-1 (49.60), 1000 seeds weight (2.910 g), and seed yield (0.944 t ha-1) were obtained with the interaction effect of I0W0 (no irrigation + no weeding). Significant variations were found due to irrigation frequency, weed contr
International Conference on Electronics, Computer and Communication (ICECC 2008)
(Bangladesh Electronics Society: Rajshahi, Bangladesh, 27-Jun-2008) Bangladesh, University of Rajshahi,; Shamsul Arefin, Mohammad; Karim, Rezaul; Aziz, Galib Bin; Zakaria, Sheikh Md.; Khastagir, Shaibal; Ullah, M. Ahsan; Shikder, Md. Abu Al Syeed; Hoque, Mohammed Moshiul; Azad, Samina; Sarifunnahar; Ahmed, Md. Raju; Rizwan, Mustofa; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Kumar Sen Gupta, Ashoke; -Ul-Karim, Meher; Abdul Mohit, Kazi; Hossain, Md. Akbar
Current Mobile Message Editing Analysis and Adopting Customizing Facility in SMS Abstract: Modern days of mobile communication acquainted us with a technology of Short Messaging Service or shortly SMS. It helps the users to interact with other mobile subscriber using short message. This built in technology is not so efficient and offers limited options. The research area in this regard is to make it more efficient and flexible. In case of sending SMS, we do not have the opportunity to customize our message using different font styles. In this paper, the customizing facility has been introduced in case of SMS. The objective is to provide the user a freedom to select different types of font style. This application is very simple to install in every Java supported mobile handsets. The application takes about 200-250 KB storage, which is small enough to store in any java enabled mobile or other hand held devices. It can be regarded that this project work will create a new dimension in SMS service.
Investigation of Different Herbicides on Weed Infestation and Yield Performance of Transplant Binadhan-14 (Oryza sativa L.) in Bangladesh
(The Korean Society of Weed Science and The Turfgrass Society of Korea, 2020) Islam, Md. Shahidul; Islam, Md. Monjurul; Rahman, Md. Habibur; Khanam, Sakina; Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque; Hien, Le Thi; Park, Kee Woong
This study was carried out at the agronomy farm of Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA), Mymensingh, Bangladesh, between November 2015 and May 2016, to investigate the weed control on rice growth and yield performance of transplant Binadhan-14 (boro rice). Six selected herbicides (H1: bensulfuron methyl 4% + acetachlor 14% 18 wettable powder [WP] 500 g·ha-1, H2: pyrazosulfuron-ethyl 10 WP 125 g·ha-1, H3: metsulfuron-methyl 20 water dispersible granule [WDG] 50 g·ha-1, H4: pretilachlor 500 emulsifiable concentrate [EC] 1 L·ha-1, H5: 2, 4 D amine 480 soluble liquid [SL] 1.8 L·ha-1, H6: butachlor 5 granule [G] 25 kg·ha-1) were tested along with two hand weedings. Weed density, fresh and dry weight of weeds were taken from eight weed species (Echinochloa colonum, Paspalums crobiculatum, Monochoria vaginalis, Leersia hexandra, Scirpus mucronatus, Digitaria sanguinalis, Cyperus rotundus and Eclipta alba Hassk) belonging to five families were found to grow in the experimental plots. Among the weed control treatments highest grain yield (5.00 T·ha-1) was obtained with the treatment pretilachlor 500 EC 1 L·ha-1 followed by two hand weedings (4.97 T·ha-1). It was observed that yield was increased due to application of herbicide contributed mainly from increasing the yield contributing characteristics of rice like, number of total tillers and effective tillers per plant, filled grains per panicle and 1000-seed weight (g). Maximum benefit- cost ratio with pretilachlor 500 EC 1 L·ha-1 suggested that this herbicidal treatment can be used for effective in controlling weeds as an alternative when labor was crisis in producing for better yield of transplant Binadhan-14 (Oryza sativa) rice cultivar
Landuse Change and Environmental Degradation in Dhaka City
(University of Rajshahi, 2011) Islam, Md. Shahidul; Ahmed, Raquib
The present research documents the extent and impact of land use change since 1960 to 2008. Topographical maps of 1960 and two images of different years (Landsat TM image, 1991 and Google image, 2008) were used and analyzed to accomplish the expected research outcomes. The study reveals that a large portion of land has been changed, and the rate of decrease of vegetation and wet/lowlands has appeared to be quite alarming. During 1960-2008, the Dhaka city lost 39.94% (5354 ha) of cultivated land, 66% (5026 ha) of vegetation, 44.48% (1657 ha) of water-bodies and 47.32% (42.50 ha) of wet/lowlands. During the period 1960-1991, the cultivated areas decreased to about 22.45% (97 ha/year), vegetation cover decreased to about 28.85% (71 ha/year), waterbodies to about 14.20% (17 ha/year) and wet/lowlands to about 35.10% (102 ha/year). During 1991 to 2008 Dhaka lost 22.56% (138 ha/year) of cultivated land, 52.21 % (166 ha/year) of vegetation, 35.29% (66 ha/year) of water-bodies and 18.82% (65 ha/year) of wet/lowlands. Maximum changes were found to be concentrated on certain land uses such as in cultivated land (about 112 hectares were under change per year) and vegetation (105 hectares were under change per year) during the study period 1960-2008. Rate of decrease in case of wet/lowlands 89 hectares per year during the same period. It has been observed that wet/lowlands were converted predominantly into built-up areas. The transformation of cultivated land, vegetated lands and wet/lowlands were strongly related with the high rate of growth of urban settlement. Three areas to represent the research were selected viz. Ashulia, Uttara and Amin Bazar. These areas grew and developed mostly during 1960 to 2008. It is important to observe that the increase for Ashulia was 218 .2% during 1960 to 1991. It was true also in case other two areas during 1960-2008. Growth of Uttara region was about 540.4% continuously almost steadily during the same period. It means, the rate of urbanization is much faster in Uttara than in Ashulia. It has been observed that a cultivated lands has been reduced due to urbanization in Uttara. It has also been observed that in Uttara vegetated lands increased for about (159.2%) during 1960-1991. But it has decreased in Ashulia and in Amin Bazar This research presents a dynamic change of land use in Dhaka city, based on selected physical and social factors. Land Change Modeler (LCM) was used to analyze the land use changes between various land use classes during the period 1960-1991 and 1991-2008. The land use change was assessed through evaluation of gains and losses by those classes. It was noted that most of the land use categories experienced loss and gain to some extent. But the pattern was different. During 1960-1991, cultivated/agricultural land lost 76.51 % and gained 68.45%, with a net loss of 8.06%. And in 1991-2008 it lost 78.31 % and gained 63. 72%, with a net loss of 14.59%. Vegetation lost 67.53% and gained 25.34 % in 1960-1991 with a net loss of 42.19 %. In 1991-2008 the loss was 36.28% and the gain was 19.36% with a net loss of 16.92%. Wet/lowlands lost 57.45% and gained 12.53 % in 1960-1991 with a net loss of 44.92 %. In 1991-2008 the loss was 23.57 % and the gain was 24.85% with a net gain of 1.28% and water-bodies neither gained nor lost and land (the loss of water bodies was already completed before that period). Built-up area lost to about 27.61 % and gained 93.58%, with a net gain of 65.97 % during 1960-1991. During 1991-2008 the loss was 56.42% and gain was 71.26% with a net gain of 14.84%. Net gain for bare soil/landfill was 10.58 % and in transport and communication it was 18.24% in 1960-1991. During 1991-2008 similar trends have been noticed for the rest of the classes, with the exception of bare soil/landfill, which seems to be stable. Transport, communication and others categories have gained to some extent. But however, there are always some scopes of checking the result in GIS environment. The location accuracy in land use change model using Landsat TM image of 1991 and Google Earth image of 2008 was done using the clear and visible roads. In case of classifying bare soil/landfill, cultivated/agricultural land and vegetation, the user accuracy were 59%, 49% and 61 % respectively. The prediction of land use change was done on Neural Network, a built-in module in the Andes version of ID RISI. Iterations considered were 5000, considered sufficient for running the data. The lowest accuracy obtained was 57 .30 for all the conversion types. The transition probability matrix records the probability of future changes in which each land use category indicates in relation to other category. This matrix was produced by the multiplication of each column in the transition probability matrix where the numbers of cells of corresponding land use showed the later scenario. Though this matrix can be used to predict future land use in any period, it was specially designed for the predictions for the years 2020 (short term) and 2050 (long term). This research attempted to bring light to the perception of local people regarding change of land use through questionnaire survey. It is evident from the views and opinions of the local people that real estate companies, unplanned urbanization, industrializai10n an