Browsing by Author "Islam, Md. Nazmul"

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A bibliometric analysis of research on academic libraries in Africa (2002–2024)
(Elsevier, 2026-05) Islam, Md. Nazmul; Rahman, Md. Ashiqur; Haque, Md. Shahajada Masud Anowarul; Chigwada, Josiline
The main objective of this study is to examine how research on academic libraries in African higher education has evolved over time by analyzing publication trends, citation impact, influential sources, author productivity, and emerging themes between 2002 and 2024. A total of 529 publications have been analyzed based on the data retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection database. It dives into the publication trend, citation impact, source impact, and thematic trend of the literature in the field. The findings of the paper show that the subject has witnessed consistent growth in terms of publications, with a surge after 2015 and a peak in 2023. The average citations per year per article increased to 0.90 in 2014, and this trend continued to reach its peak of 1.37 in 2020. The three-field diagram shows the major contributors including Onyancha, Ngulube, Tella, and Ocholla, who often research on academic libraries, information literacy, and Africa, showing how these themes continue to lead research in the area. The Journal of Academic Librarianship has the highest number of citations count (402), while the Electronic Library has the highest h-index (14). Author productivity follows a similar pattern to Lotka's Law, implying that most authors contributed only once, while a few were prolific. Bradford's Law is also applied in identifying the core journals in the field. The use of keyword co-occurrence and thematic mapping shows a shift in the field from traditional library work to digital literacy, open access, and institutional repositories. Conceptual structure analysis identifies clusters of interconnected topics in information services, scholarly communication, and user engagement.
A case report on diagnosis and surgical management of sebaceous gland tumor in Dalmatian dog
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2022-11) Islam, Md. Nazmul
A unique case of sebaceous gland tumor in 8 years aged Dalmatian dog with 27.8 Kg body weight was presented to Teaching & Training Pet Hospital and Research Center, Sector – 18, Road no – 5B, Purbachal New Town, Dhaka. The dog had a round shaped tumor mass of 5 cm diameter on the toe of right hind limb. The dog was quite dull with decreased food intake.The dog went through physical examination by the duty doctor. Then the doctor checked the inner content of mass through paracentesis and confirmed that it was neoplastic growth. So he decided to remove the mass surgically. The dog was generally anesthetized through chemical agent in a properly aseptic environment. Then the mass was excised by skilled surgeon with minimum blood loss. The surgery was performed with minimum traumatic process to surrounding tissues to prevent tumor seeding. After resection, the surgical wound was stitched with proper knot security. Finally a week long medicine was prescribed as post-operative management including broad spectrum antibiotic, anti-histaminic and pain killer drug. According to the opinion of the surgeon, the prognosis of this surgery was good. On the other hand, impression smear was taken on clean slide from the tumor mass for histopathological study so that confirmatory diagnosis could be aided. Under microscope it was visualized after Giemsa staining that the nuclei were hyperchromatic and the cytoplasm was more basophilic with vacuolation formation. In this report, histopathological findings and related factors were also compared with other previous reports.
A Study on milk consumption pattern among the rural farmers in Noakhali, Bangladesh
(Chattogram Veterinary and Animal Sciences University Khulshi, Chattogram-4225, Bangladesh, 2022-08) Islam, Md. Nazmul
Milk serves as an essential source of protein for people of all ages. Bangladeshi farmers in the rural areas are less likely to know the advantages of drinking milk. The current cross-sectional study set out to determine how much knowledge there was about milk consumption practices among rural farming families in the Noakhali Sadar Upazila. All told, thirty farmers were interrogated in order to learn more about their awareness of the dangers of consuming raw milk as well as their perception of its significance. Approximately 73% of agricultural families drink milk daily and 73% of the families who drink milk daily consume the milk produced in their own farm. It is observed that there is variation in the time of having milk, 52% families prefer to have milk at night. However, it is concerning that 63% of respondents were unaware of this fact regarding the recommended daily intake of milk. There is lacking of knowledge regarding the raw milk consumption. Even though drinking raw milk can lead to a variety of health issues, including abdominal pain (32%), coughing (24%), vomiting (24%) and diarrhea (19%), still 13 families continue to do so. The results of this study indicate that rural farmers' ignorance may have prevented them from developing the practice of consuming boiled hygienic milk. It is advised that veterinarians, extension agents, and all other stakeholders play their respective parts to increase the rural farmer's understanding.
Community search from multi-attributed large social graph
(BRAC University, 2021-01) Khan, Riasat Islam; Khan, Sayed Mahmud; Debnath, Tanmoy; Islam, Md. Nazmul; Kayes, Muhtasim Ibne; Akhond, Mostafijur Rahman
With the constant evolvement of social network structure, complex data, as well as graph structure, has been growing with increasing importance to model the interconnection of various entities. Community spot is a method of detecting densely connected sub-graph within a large network, for the given set of query vertex in the graph. It has many uses in social networking for instance when a certain user wants to get connected with other people or groups that go with the personality the user possesses. The main purpose of this method is to plot a well-organized mechanism to track the most dominant nodes as well as the corresponding meaningful communities that the vertex belongs to in an online manner. The multi attributed graph contains the data and statistics as the properties of the nodes as well as the probable relationship among the nodes. These details are used to ensure accuracy and to figure out the target community. The present-day methods of working do not have enough features to allow the attributes or keyword information associated with a given edge for searching for the desired community. We have worked on developing a new multi attributed community search algorithm that takes all the attributes of the edge into account and uses modern weighted search algorithms to find communities for given nodes. These explored nodes are densely connected and share a lot of common features. Our study was conducted in two phases. In the first place, a weight was assigned to each of the attributes matching up their significance. Then an algorithm was applied to the weighted decision matrix to form a single-attributed graph from the initial multi-attributed graph. A sub-graph with the least required weight assigned as the community weight was used to get a strongly connected community that the query vertex belongs to. Our system was built using the tools and built-in libraries of Python programming language. Thus our experimental procedure was used in searching for communities from given data that resembles the real world more closely.
Consumer behavior assessment price variation of available fishes and market infrastructure in different fish markets of dhaka city
(© University of Dhaka, 2025-05-04) Islam, Md. Nazmul
Demystify the blackbox model of automated detection of lung and kidney diseases from X-ray and CT radiographs
(BRAC University, 2021-12) Islam, Md. Nazmul; Alam, Md. Golam Rabiul
Radiology imaging, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT-scan), X-ray imaging (X-ray), and ultrasound imaging (US), is used to diagnose a variety of disorders, including brain disease, whole-body difficulties, kidney disease, COVID 19, dental status and many more. Out of those diseases, one of the lung diseases, the coronavirus epidemic has spread to virtually every country on the globe, inflicting enormous health, financial, and emotional devastation, as well as the collapse of healthcare systems in some countries. Any automated COVID detection system that allows for fast detection of the COVID-19 infection might be highly beneficial to the healthcare system and people around the world. Molecular or antigen testing along with radiology X-ray imaging and CT scan radiographs are now utilized in clinics to diagnose COVID-19. Nonetheless, due to a spike in coronavirus and the overwhelming workload of doctors, developing an AI-based auto-COVID detection system with high accuracy has become imperative. Given the enigmatic nature of COVID-19 visual markers, lung opacity, and viral pneumonia, diagnosis can be challenging as the three diseases look quite similar in nature on x-ray images. Past studies related to lung disease auto detection were mostly performed on small datasets and the majority of the studies did not reveal the blackbox of models. Furthermore, despite the fact that there are a large number of infected people around the world, the amount of COVID data sets needed to build an AI system is limited and dispersed. Moreover, renal failure, a public health concern, and the scarcity of nephrologists around the globe have necessitated the development of an AI-based system to auto-diagnose kidney diseases. For this thesis, we chose two imaging modalities to study: x-ray and CT scan images. We automated and assessed our established models for lung illnesses (COVID 19, lung opacity, and viral pneumonia). Furthermore, utilizing CT images, we constructed models to automate kidney disease (kidney tumor, cyst, and stone). This research utilized artificial intelligence (AI) to deliver high-accuracy automated COVID-19 detection from normal chest X-ray images. Further, this study was extended to differentiate COVID-19 from normal, lung opacity, and viral pneumonia x-ray pictures. We constructed six models and trained them with x-ray images. Out of those six models, three can be used to categorize normal and COVID diseases (i.e., binary class classification). The other three can be used to categorize normal, COVID- 19, lung opacity, and viral pneumonia images (i.e., four-class classification). All models were trained and validated using the transfer learning approach and then tested with unseen x-ray pictures. Each of the binary class models was trained with different input picture resolutions, and it was found that greater input image resolution training contributed to the model’s better performance and accuracy. With the employed two-class classification model, the best accuracy, precision, and recall are found to be 97.5%, 99.5% and 99.5%, respectively. The high accuracy of this test can significantly assist in reducing global suffering from COVID-19. Moreover, three models’ decisions are verified and compared by visualizing all internal layers, including the final layer’s heatmap utilizing GradCam. The best accuracy found for the multiclass model is 93% while testing the model with unseen data. Each of the three multiclass models is explained using explainable AI to uncover the blackbox of the models.In this letter, we also presented a chest CT scan data set for COVID and healthy patients considering a varying range of severity of COVID, which we published on kaggle and that can assist other researchers to contribute to healthcare AI. We also developed three deep learning approaches for detecting COVID quickly and cheaply from chest CT radiographs. Our three transfer learning-based approaches, Inception v3, Resnet 50, and VGG16, achieve accuracy of 99.8%, 91.3%, and 99.3%, respectively, on unseen data. We delve deeper into the black boxes of those models to demonstrate how our model comes to a certain conclusion, and we found that, despite the low accuracy of the model based on VGG16, it detects the COVID spot in images well, which we believe may further assist doctors in visualizing which regions are affected.This research also deals with the three major renal diseases categories: kidney stones, cysts, and tumors, and gathered and annotated a total of 12,446 CT whole abdomen and urogram images in order to construct an AI-based kidney diseases diagnostic system and contribute to the AI community’s research scope. The collected images were exposed to exploratory data analysis, which revealed that the images from all of the classes had the same type of mean color distribution. Furthermore, six machine learning models were built, three of which are based on the state-of-the-art variants of the Vision transformers EANet, CCT, and Swin transformers, while the other three are based on well-known deep learning models Resnet, VGG16, and Inception v3, which were adjusted in the last layers. While the VGG16 and CCT models performed admirably, the swin transformer outperformed all of them in terms of accuracy, with an accuracy of 99.30 percent. The F1 score and precision and recall comparison reveal that the Swin transformer outperforms all other models and that it is the quickest to train. The study also revealed the blackbox of the VGG16, Resnet50, and Inception models, demonstrating that VGG16 is superior than Resnet50 and Inceptionv3 in terms of monitoring the necessary anatomy abnormalities. We believe that the superior accuracy of our Swin transformer-based model and the VGG16-based model can both be useful in diagnosing kidney tumors, cysts, and stones.
Enhancing Exam Security AI-Powered Safe Exam System with Secure Browser Control
(Daffodil International University, 2024-07-24) Islam, Md. Nazmul
The modern world is evolving and connecting to computers on a daily basis. In recent years, e-learning has grown significantly. Maintaining the integrity of exams in the context of online learning is a major challenge that calls for creative ways to prevent cheating and protect academic justice. This problem is addressed by three different methods: First, a Smart computer vision-based system proposes automatic video summarization of abnormal behavior during online exams, aiding remote proctors in post-exam reviews. By modeling normal and abnormal student behavior patterns, this method offers promising results, potentially expanding to real-time alert generation. Second, a survey-based study examines the impact of online webcam exam proctoring on student anxiety and performance, particularly among non-white and socioeconomically diverse populations. While anxiety over being wrongly flagged exists, it doesn't directly impede exam performance, highlighting the need for nuanced support for students and faculty navigating unfamiliar technologies. Lastly, a continuous authentication system for online exams is proposed, leveraging machine learning algorithms to detect and prevent fraud through modules like registration, identity verification, live video streams, and session recording. These approaches collectively underscore the critical importance of maintaining integrity, reliability, and security in online examinations, especially amidst the unprecedented challenges posed by events like the COVID-19 pandemic..
GeoAI Research in the Global South: MappingProductivity and Trends Through Bibliometric Analysis
(Taylor & Francis, 2025-09-19) Islam, Md. Nazmul; Rahman, Md. Ashiqur; Haque, Md. Shahajada Masud Anowarul; Alam, Mohammed Khalid; Chigwada, Josiline
This study conducts a bibliometric analysis of the developmentand evolution of research on Geospatial Artificial Intelligence(GeoAI) literature in the Global South region, examining growthpatterns, collaboration, and thematic priorities. The data for thisbibliometric analysis were specifically compiled from Web ofScience and include publications on context-specific themesthat include ‘challenges, barriers, opportunities, as well as appli-cations’ related to GeoAI authored by 1,316 authors and pub-lished through 110 sources from 2011 to 2025. The data revealsa high average annual growth rate of 29.67%, which marks anincrease in publications since 2016. This could be attributed toadvancements in technology and satellite imagery. The collab-oration pattern was also exhibited, with an average of 8.97authors per publication, with over half of all publicationsauthored by international collaborations. The topics with iden-tifiable major hotspots include South Africa, China, and theUSA, with many citations per publication in Qatar and Egypt.Thematic analysis revealed that remote sensing, machine learn-ing, and deep learning emerged as dominant themes, predom-inantly in the context of environmental, disaster, and agriculturalapplications. Although research articles on GeoAI are graduallygrowing in the Global South, there are still infrastructure, qual-ity, and capacity development challenges.
Health trauma and well-being assistant for Bengali seniors in household: a multimodal approach
(BRAC University, 2024-01) Islam, Md. Nazmul; Al-Amin, Md.; Hassan, Md. Zaed; Islam, Tamzid; Rhaman, Md. Khalilur
The increasing number of elderly individuals living alone has emerged as a pressing global concern. Our research aims to address this issue by developing advanced modules that can be integrated into a system that enhances the quality of life for older adults. The modules focus on medicine detection, fall detection, reminders for important tasks and events and providing companionship through friendly verbal interactions. Through the integration of cutting-edge deep learning techniques, diverse models and natural language processing (NLP), we have successfully designed an effective medication and well-being assistant. These modules use computer vision technology along with reinforced learning from human feedback and convolutional neural networks (CNNs) to reach our goal. The modules can be integrated into systems to empower elderly individuals to lead more active and fulfilling lives. Finally, this research contributes to the well-being and happiness of the elderly, highlighting the significance of comprehensive support systems in promoting their overall well-being.
How television commercials are made
(BRAC University, 2013-08) Islam, Md. Nazmul; Habib, Mushira
I always wanted to work with creative people who deal with innovative ideas and new systems. The perfect place for it is the advertising world, because here new people and new ideas are entering every day. The Department of English and Humanities of BRAC University gave me this opportunity to work in such an environment with such people. According to my degree requirement, when I was asked to do my internship, I chose to work for an advertisement firm as I could meet my curiosity working there and I could also relate my major courses like Copywriting, Editing, Globalization and the Media, and Cultural Studies with this experience. So, I got the chance to do my internship with CG World (Computer Graphics World), which is one of the leading advertising agencies in Bangladesh. Working there, I have come to know the steps in making advertisements and how much effort the whole agency needs to give to make the ads successful. In the three months of my internship, in CG World I could observe only the making of Television Commercials, so in this report I will concentrate only on the making of TVCs.
In Vitro Dissoluion Study to Determine Drug – Drug Interaction of Atorvastatin Calcium
(East West University, 12/15/2014) Islam, Md. Nazmul
Atorvastatin calcium is a selective and competitive inhibitor of HMG – CoA reductase which is responsible for converting HMG – CoA to mevalonate, a precursor of cholesterol synthesis. Thus Atorvastatin is extensively used to lower cholesterol and triglycerides in patients with hypercholesterolemia, mixed dyslipidemia Drug – Drug and Drug – Food Interaction of Atorvastatin is well established. Thus, the objective of the present research was to study and compare the dissolution profile of Atorvastatin Calcium alone and with Pantoprazole and Calcium Carbonate For the present study, Dissolution Apparatus II, USP XIII was used to conduct the experiment. Six tablet of atorvastatin alone was subjected to dissolution study followed by another six tablets of atorvastatin with six of Pantoprazole and Calcium carbonate each. Same media of phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 was used in conduction of both experiments. Then in both cases, 5 ml samples were withdrawn at time intervals of 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes. The samples were then subjected to UV-Vis Spectroscopy and the UV absorbances were recorded.From the UV absorbances percentage dissolutions were calculated by the designated formulas. And the data of Atorvastatin alone and in combination were compared in orderto assess the changes in the dissolution profile. The changes in percentage dissolution in both cases were considerably different indicating the effect of Pantoprazole & Calcium carbonate on the dissolution profile of Atorvastatin.Bioavailability of atorvastatin is 12%. Initial Increases in dissolution profile of atorvastatin with Pantoprazole and calcium carbonate followed by a substantial decrease can lead to variable dissolution & bioavailability of atorvastatin in presence of other drugs while, also increases the risk of side – effects and toxicity of atorvastatin. Thus, further studies are needed to confirm whether, such effect on dissolution profile is beneficial or harmful
Internship report On Analyzing Service Quality of Standard Chartered Bank: A Case Study of Motijheel Branch
(Daffodil International University, 2025-11-25) Islam, Md. Nazmul
In the research work, the service quality of Standard Chartered Bank has been analyzed, focusing on the Motijheel branch of Bangladesh. Using a mixed-methods approach in research, it combines quantitative and qualitative analysis in assessing customer perceptions and quality experiences of service. Surveys were carried out about those customers who visited the branch, including various aspects of the service quality such as support by the employees, digital services, service fees, and overall satisfaction. In order to provide context and background information, this research reviews the available literature and the bank-specific secondary data. Obtaining informed consent using ethical considerations is important to those who take part in this survey to ensure their privacy and confidentiality. The result of this research offers valuable insights into the service quality of customers to the Motijheel branch and areas of strength and areas for improvement that will be needed. The scope of this research is limited to this branch, and therefore, the results cannot be generalized to other branches and institutions. They can suggest improving the service delivery and increasing customer satisfaction at the Motijheel branch. This study adds to the provision of comprehensive service quality data in the banking industry, and this study also focuses on customer-centric service to gain a competitive edge in the financial services industry. It is a practical guide for Standard Chartered Bank and banks of the same sort, and aims to concentrate on how customer service can be improved to excellence.
IoT Based Smart Home Automation
(Daffodil International University, 2018-05) Islam, Md. Nazmul; Chandro, Shee Sushanto
This report aims to describe the process and procedure to build a very effective home automation system titled as “Smart Home Control”. The main objective of this system is to give a user the control of the power of his home appliances from the internet. The Smart Home project is a combination of Hardware and Software. Arduino has been used as the CPU of the Smart Home system which is configured to stay connected to the internet Arduino synchronizes the device statuses with the web server. There is a relay device for switching control. After the successful setup of both the hardware and software of the system, users will get access to their web interface. The software part consists a web server based on PHP. There is a responsive web interface that users have to use to setup and configure their devices which are connected to the Easy Home hardware interface. In the app GUI users will be able to manipulate their added devices. The app GUI is designed and developed to show the statuses of the connected devices in real time. There are Turn On and Turn Off buttons for each devices that users can use to control the power of their devices.
IoT Based Smart Home Automation
(Daffodil International University, 2018-05) Islam, Md. Nazmul; Chandro, Sree Sushanto
This report aims to describe the process and procedure to build a very effective home automation system titled as “Smart Home Control”. The main objective of this system is to give a user the control of the power of his home appliances from the internet. The Smart Home project is a combination of Hardware and Software. Arduino has been used as the CPU of the Smart Home system which is configured to stay connected to the internet Arduino synchronizes the device statuses with the web server. There is a relay device for switching control. After the successful setup of both the hardware and software of the system, users will get access to their web interface. The software part consists a web server based on PHP. There is a responsive web interface that users have to use to setup and configure their devices which are connected to the Easy Home hardware interface. In the app GUI users will be able to manipulate their added devices. The app GUI is designed and developed to show the statuses of the connected devices in real time. There are Turn On and Turn Off buttons for each devices that users can use to control the power of their devices.
Management Information Systems Support and Practices in Shabab Fabrics Ltd.
(Daffodil International University, 2019-12) Islam, Md. Nazmul
The point of my temporary position is to give equipment and programming upkeep. This report is about jobs and duty and what I have realized in my entry level position period. I had a temporary position on “Management Information Systems Support and Practices in Shabab Fabrics Ltd. There I had many responsibilities like Device Setups; install all versions of Microsoft office, operating system, application software and troubleshooting, networking and overall internet fundamentals. Especially I work there for hardware maintenance. In my entry level position report fundamentally, I attempted to show that how I had dealt with those things and how effective I was there in the hour of temporary position. In addition, I attempted to introduce whether my temporary job was an effective or not. Tackling genuine issues was another key issue. This report takes me through every one of the subtleties of each information and experience assembled during this temporary position period.
Merchandising Activities of Interstoff Apparel Limited: An Evaluation
(Daffodil International University, 22-12-29) Islam, Md. Nazmul
RMG sector is the largest section of our country which earn maximum revenue. Since the late 1970s, this industry started developing in Bangladesh primarily as an export-oriented industry now its became 2nd largest exporting county in world. We are now making any types of woven, knitted and sweater product and exporting to UK, Middle East, USA and EU market. To source the buyer from outside market, merchandising plays a vital part, and the people to do this job called merchandiser. Merchandising is a process of satisfying buyer need and requirement, securing company maximum profit and by delivering product timely. This report will explain details merchandising procedure, drawbacks and try to identify the best possible solution.
Parameter Optimization of Optical Materials and Investigation of Surface Plasmon Polariton (SPP) Propagation in Plasmonic Waveguide
(Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Islamic University of Technology (IUT), Board Bazar, Gazipur-1704, Bangladesh, 2014-11-15) Islam, Mehedi; Islam, Md. Nazmul; Islam, Monzurul
When free electrons inside the metal get affected, they start to oscillate. The movement of this oscillation inside the metal is called plasmon. The excitation can be done by exposing metal to a photon. Surface Plasmon-Polarition is formed when coupling between a plasmon inside the metal and photon outside the metal happens, and they travel at the same speed. SPPs can be used as an alternative medium for transmitting signals as it can overcome the light diffraction limit. But the main limitation of SPP is higher propagation loss in metal and short propagation distance not exceeding micrometers. The main goal of this thesis is to optimize the modeling parameters for several optically valued materials and analyze their performance in FDTD. Lorentz model and modified Lorentz model parameter of several optically valued material has been optimized using large scale nonlinear algorithm. SPP propagation characteristics through dielectric-metal-dielectric waveguide have been investigated to analyze the performance of one of the optimized dielectric material.
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Analgesic, Antidiarrheal Activity and GC-MS Analysis of the Leaves of Stachyphrynium Placentarium
(TIS, 2024-09-30) Das, Ananta Kumar; Islam, Md. Nazmul; Islam, Md. Mahmudul; Paul, Prosenjit; Das, Utpaul Chandra; Banik, Ratry; Shuchi, Afifa Tasneem; Mahmud, Md. Hasan
The goal of the present study is to analyze the phytochemicals, antioxidants, cytotoxic, analgesic and anti-diarrheal properties of the leaves of Stachyphrynium placentarium methanol extract as well as its dichloromethane soluble fraction using GC-MS technique. The leaves of the S. placentarium were extracted with methanol and designated as SPM. Phytochemicals investigation exhibited the presence of several important secondary metabolites. Antioxidants such as total phenolic content, flavonoids content, total antioxidant, reducing power capacity and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay SPM revealed non-significant antioxidant properties. The cytotoxicity study of the extract showed significant cytotoxicity (LC50 35.1093 µg/mL) compared to standard vincristine sulfate (LC50 0.482 µg/mL). Analgesic study of S. placentarium by hot plate model indicates both the doses exhibited significant central analgesic activity compared with the control. The maximum analgesic activity was observed at 90 min. SPM (500 mg/kg) is 60.21 %. SPM250 also showed a significant percentage of elongation or latency from 30 to 150 min 57.00, 59.64, 59.88, 58.07 and 53.71 %, respectively 30 min time interval. In the acetic acid writhing test, S. placentarium significantly outperformed the control and standard (SPM250 - 52.27 %, SPM500 - 34.09 and STD - 27.27 %), showing a significant increase in peripheral analgesic activity (p < 0.001). Antidiarrheal activity of SPM showed that SPM250 and SPM500 substantially decreased the feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea (p < 0.05). According to the study, the incidence and severity of diarrhea are significantly reduced by SPM500. Four chemicals are found in the dichloromethane-soluble portion of the methanol extract of S. placentarium leaves, according to GC-MS studies such as Octadecane, 6-methyl- (1.326 %), Dodecane (1.02 %), 1-Iodo-2-methylundecane (0.47 %), tetradecanoic acid 12-methyl, methyl ester (72.64 %). Tetradecanoic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory, anticancer, 5-reductase inhibitory, antioxidant, hemolytic and antifibrinolytic properties. HIGHLIGHTS The phytochemicals, antioxidants, cytotoxic, analgesic and anti-diarrheal properties of Stachyphrynium placentarium methanol extract (SPM) leaves. The dichloromethane soluble fraction is examined using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and identified Octadecane, 6-methyl-, Dodecane, 1-Iodo-2-methylundecane, tetradecanoic acid 12-methyl, methyl ester. The brine shrimp lethality test exhibited that SPM has significant cytotoxicity (LC50 35.1093 µg/mL) compared to vincristine sulphate (LC50 0.482µg/mL), the extract showed significant cytotoxicity (LC50 35.1093 µg/mL). S. placentarium at both dosages (250 and 500 mg) provided significant central analgesia compared to the control in a hot plate model. In the acetic acid writhing test, S. placentarium showed significantly higher peripheral analgesic action (SPM250 - 52.27, SPM500 - 34.09 and STD - 27.27 %) compared to control and standard. In castor oil-induced diarrhoea, SPM250 and SPM500 (250 and 500 mg) showed significantly reduced faeces production (p < 0.05).
Phytochemical Screening, Antioxidant, Cytotoxic, Analgesic, Antidiarrheal Activity and GC-MS Analysis of the Leaves of Stachyphrynium Placentarium
(TIS, 2024-09-30) Das, Ananta Kumar; Islam, Md. Nazmul; Islam, Md. Mahmudul; Paul, Prosenjit; Das, Utpaul Chandra; Banik, Ratry; Shuchi, Afifa Tasneem; Mahmud, Md. Hasan
The goal of the present study is to analyze the phytochemicals, antioxidants, cytotoxic, analgesic and anti-diarrheal properties of the leaves of Stachyphrynium placentarium methanol extract as well as its dichloromethane soluble fraction using GC-MS technique. The leaves of the S. placentarium were extracted with methanol and designated as SPM. Phytochemicals investigation exhibited the presence of several important secondary metabolites. Antioxidants such as total phenolic content, flavonoids content, total antioxidant, reducing power capacity and DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging assay SPM revealed non-significant antioxidant properties. The cytotoxicity study of the extract showed significant cytotoxicity (LC50 35.1093 µg/mL) compared to standard vincristine sulfate (LC50 0.482 µg/mL). Analgesic study of S. placentarium by hot plate model indicates both the doses exhibited significant central analgesic activity compared with the control. The maximum analgesic activity was observed at 90 min. SPM (500 mg/kg) is 60.21 %. SPM250 also showed a significant percentage of elongation or latency from 30 to 150 min 57.00, 59.64, 59.88, 58.07 and 53.71 %, respectively 30 min time interval. In the acetic acid writhing test, S. placentarium significantly outperformed the control and standard (SPM250 - 52.27 %, SPM500 - 34.09 and STD - 27.27 %), showing a significant increase in peripheral analgesic activity (p < 0.001). Antidiarrheal activity of SPM showed that SPM250 and SPM500 substantially decreased the feces in castor oil-induced diarrhea (p < 0.05). According to the study, the incidence and severity of diarrhea are significantly reduced by SPM500. Four chemicals are found in the dichloromethane-soluble portion of the methanol extract of S. placentarium leaves, according to GC-MS studies such as Octadecane, 6-methyl- (1.326 %), Dodecane (1.02 %), 1-Iodo-2-methylundecane (0.47 %), tetradecanoic acid 12-methyl, methyl ester (72.64 %). Tetradecanoic acid exhibits anti-inflammatory, anticancer, 5-reductase inhibitory, antioxidant, hemolytic and antifibrinolytic properties. HIGHLIGHTS The phytochemicals, antioxidants, cytotoxic, analgesic and anti-diarrheal properties of Stachyphrynium placentarium methanol extract (SPM) leaves. The dichloromethane soluble fraction is examined using Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and identified Octadecane, 6-methyl-, Dodecane, 1-Iodo-2-methylundecane, tetradecanoic acid 12-methyl, methyl ester. The brine shrimp lethality test exhibited that SPM has significant cytotoxicity (LC50 35.1093 µg/mL) compared to vincristine sulphate (LC50 0.482µg/mL), the extract showed significant cytotoxicity (LC50 35.1093 µg/mL). S. placentarium at both dosages (250 and 500 mg) provided significant central analgesia compared to the control in a hot plate model. In the acetic acid writhing test, S. placentarium showed significantly higher peripheral analgesic action (SPM250 - 52.27, SPM500 - 34.09 and STD - 27.27 %) compared to control and standard. In castor oil-induced diarrhoea, SPM250 and SPM500 (250 and 500 mg) showed significantly reduced faeces production (p < 0.05).
Rabies Control in Bangladesh and Prediction of Human Rabies Cases by 2030: A One Health Approach
(Wolters Kluwer Health, 2024-08-27) Ghosh, Sumon; Hasan, Mohammad Nayeem; Nath, Nirmalendu Deb; Haider, Najmul; Jones, Daleniece Higgins; Islam, Md. Kamrul; Rahaman, M. Mujibur; Mursalin, Hasan Sayedul; Mahmud, Nadim; Kamruzzaman, Md.; Rabby, Md. Fazlay; Kar, Shotabdi; Ullah, Sayed Mohammed; Shah, Md. Rashed Ali; Jahan, Afsana Akter; Rana, Sohel; Chowdhury, Sukanta; Uddin, Md. Jamal; Sunil, Thankam S.; Ahmed, Be-Nazir; Siddiqui, Umme Ruman; Kaisar, S. M. Golam; Islam, Md. Nazmul
Background Bangladesh is making progress toward achieving zero dog-mediated rabies deaths by 2030, a global goal set in 2015. Methods Drawing from multiple datasets, including patient immunisation record books and mass dog vaccination (MDV) databases, we conducted a comprehensive analysis between 2011 and 2023 to understand the effectiveness of rabies control programmes and predict human rabies cases in Bangladesh by 2030 using time-series forecasting models. We also compared rabies virus sequences from GenBank in Bangladesh and other South Asian countries. Findings The estimated dog population in Bangladesh was determined to be 1,668,140, with an average dog population density of 12.83 dogs/km2 (95% CI 11.14–14.53) and a human-to-dog ratio of 86.70 (95% CI 76.60–96.80). The MDV campaign has led to the vaccination of an average of 21,295 dogs (95% CI 18,654–23,935) per district annually out of an estimated 26,065 dogs (95% CI 22,898–29,230). A declining trend in predicted and observed human rabies cases has been identified, suggesting that Bangladesh is poised to make substantial progress towards achieving the ‘Zero by 30’ goal, provided the current trajectory continues. The phylogenetic analysis shows that rabies viruses in Bangladesh belong to the Arctic-like-1 group, which differs from those in Bhutan despite sharing a common ancestor. Interpretation Bangladesh's One Health approach demonstrated that an increase in MDV and anti-rabies vaccine (ARV) resulted in a decline in the relative risk of human rabies cases, indicating that eliminating dog-mediated human rabies could be achievable. Funding The study was supported by the Communicable Disease Control (CDC) Division of the Directorate General of Health Services (DGHS) of the People's Republic of Bangladesh.