Browsing by Author "Islam, Fahadul"

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An Overview of Diabetic Foot Ulcers and Associated Problems with Special Emphasis on Treatments with Antimicrobials
(Daffodil International University, 2022-07-14) Baig, Mirza Shahed; Banu, Ahmadi; Zehravi, Mehrukh; Rana, Ritesh; Burle, Sushil S.; Khan, Sharuk L.; Islam, Fahadul; Siddiqui, Falak A.; Massoud, Ehab El Sayed; Rahman, Md. Habibur; Cavalu, Simona
One of the most significant challenges of diabetes health care is diabetic foot ulcers (DFU). DFUs are more challenging to cure, and this is particularly true for people who already have a compromised immune system. Pathogenic bacteria and fungi are becoming more resistant to antibiotics, so they may be unable to fight microbial infections at the wound site with the antibiotics we have now. This article discusses the dressings, topical antibacterial treatment, medications and debridement techniques used for DFU and provides a deep discussion of DFU and its associated problems. English-language publications on DFU were gathered from many different databases, such as Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, Springer Nature, and Google Scholar. For the treatment of DFU, a multidisciplinary approach involving the use of diagnostic equipment, skills, and experience is required. Preventing amputations starts with patient education and the implementation of new categorization systems. The microbiota involved in DFU can be better understood using novel diagnostic techniques, such as the 16S-ribosomal DNA sequence in bacteria. This could be achieved by using new biological and molecular treatments that have been shown to help prevent infections, to control local inflammation, and to improve the healing process.
Antibiotic Susceptibility Patterns of ES β L Producers Isolated from the Mobile Phones
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-27) NG, Manjula; Mayegowda, Shilpa Borehalli; Priyanka, L.; Priyanka, D.; Alghamdi, Saad; Choudary, Shalini; Sanchita, V.; Chishmitha, G.; Atwah, Banan; Alhindi, Zain; Islam, Fahadul
Mobile phones have become an indispensable part of human lives for communication, education, and entertainment activities. This study aims to evaluate the diversity pattern of bacterial contaminants on mobiles and to check antibiotic resistance profiles in 105 samples. The study revealed a contamination of 51% in men and 49% in women, the highest in the 21- to 30-year age group, evidencing the extreme use of mobiles by teenagers. The study observed Gram-negative bacteria (63%) versus Gram-positive bacteria (37%). Overall, Gram-negative bacterial isolates showed the highest sensitivity to antibiotic nitrofurantoin (90%) and the lowest in ampicillin (35%). Gram positive has highest incidence of sensitivity towards tigecycline (100%) and lowest in cefoxitin (20%). ESβL producers were found to be 21.0% and highest being in Klebsiella oxytoca (35%) followed by Klebsiella pneumonia (31%). Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Staphylococcus capitis have been identified on the mobile phones for the very first time. Interestingly, some soil microbes were also isolated and unfortunately found to have some antibiotic resistance like Raoultella ornithinolytica and Sphingomonas paucimobilis. The results revealed that mobiles were contaminated with multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, and this study also showed that few of the saprophytic soil strains have antibiotic resistance, which can be an alarming situation that needs to be addressed.
Augmented Reality and Virtual Reality for Learning Solar System
(East West University, 2022-12-25) Rafsan, Rashik Buksh; Fahim, Hasib Ar Rafiul; Islam, Fahadul; Nahid, Md. Fayjul Islam; Dr. Shamim Hasnat Ripon
The purpose of this study was to determine how well-augmented reality and virtual reality technology may improve the comprehension of the solar system among elementary school children. Twenty students were divided into two groups, one for conventional classroom instruction and the other for augmented reality and virtual reality. In contrast to the augmented reality and virtual reality group, which utilized two apps to engage in interactive solar system exploration, the traditional group got classroom instruction using textbooks. Both Unity and Unreal engine were used to create the applications. To gauge students' understanding of the solar system, pre-and post-tests were given; meanwhile, a survey was employed to gauge their interest in the subject. The outcomes revealed that when compared to the traditional group, the augmented reality and virtual reality groups had significantly higher post-test scores and indicated better levels of engagement. The study emphasizes how augmented reality and virtual reality technologies might improve students' scientific learning outcomes and motivation. These results imply that using these tools in the classroom can be a successful way to teach difficult scientific ideas, like the solar system.
Bioactive Compounds and Their Derivatives
(Daffodil International University, 2022-04-11) Islam, Fahadul; Khadija, Jannatul Fardous; Rashid, Md. Harun-Or-; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Nafady, Mohamed H.; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Akter, Aklima; Emran, Talha Bin; Wilairatana, Polrat; Mubarak, Mohammad S.
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a common neurodegenerative brain disorder that causes cellular response alterations, such as impaired cholinergic mechanism, amyloid-beta (Aβ) AD aggregation, neuroinflammation, and several other pathways. AD is still the most prevalent form of dementia and affects many individuals across the globe. The exact cause of the disorder is obscure. There are yet no effective medications for halting, preventing, or curing AD’s progress. Plenty of natural products are isolated from several sources and analyzed in preclinical and clinical settings for neuroprotective effects in preventing and treating AD. In addition, natural products and their derivatives have been promising in treating and preventing AD. Natural bioactive compounds play an active modulatory role in the pathological molecular mechanisms of AD development. This review focuses on natural products from plant sources and their derivatives that have demonstrated neuroprotective activities and maybe promising to treat and prevent AD. In addition, this article summarizes the literature pertaining to natural products as agents in the treatment of AD. Rapid metabolism, nonspecific targeting, low solubility, lack of BBB permeability, and limited bioavailability are shortcomings of most bioactive molecules in treating AD. We can use nanotechnology and nanocarriers based on different types of approaches.
Carbon Quantum Dots- Based Magnetic Nanoparticles for Bioimaging
(CRC Press, 2023-06-05) Khan, Sharuk L.; Siddiqui, Falak A.; Usman, Md. Rageeb Md; Palghadmal, Prashant Subhash; Patil, Nilesh S.; Talwan, Poonam; Sultana, Rokeya; Islam, Fahadul
Two key candidate systems that have recently emerged as prospective probes for use in bioimaging applications are fluorescent quantum dots and magnetic nanoparticles, respectively. In this discussion, the discovery of silica-coated synthetic probes, both optical and magnetic, for use in bioimaging techniques is the primary emphasis. These probes developed primarily in the laboratory. In addition to this, the recent advancements that have been made in the production of rare earth nanomaterials for diagnostic imaging are outlined.
CNS Depressant Activities of Averrhoa carambola Leaves Extract in Thiopental-Sodium Model of Swiss Albino Mice
(Daffodil International University, 2022-02-22) Akter, Aklima; Islam, Fahadul; Bepary, Sristy; . Al‑Amin, Md.; Begh, Md. Zamshed Alam; Islam, Md. Al Fahad Ul; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Baeesa, Saleh Salem; Ullah, Mohammad Fahad
Psychological stress and anxiety have been linked to significant impairments of neurobiological functions. There is a wide range of conditions including neurological disorders such as Alzheimer’s disease and use of certain substances or medications that induce stress and anxiety in humans. Confused state of mind, anxiety and psychological stress have been associated with varying degree of disabilities and poor quality of life in humans. Anxiolytic medications are important modulators of CNS that reduce the anxiety and the related psychological effects in patients. Natural product derived drugs such as galantamine have been shown to possess promising neuro-modulatory properties in neurological disorders. Averrhoa carambola is traditionally used for anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial, and anti-ulcerative properties. In this study, we have examined the CNS depressant activity of A. carambola leaves extracts. The neuro-modulatory properties were assessed with the standard protocols that are used to identify such CNS depressant activity and included thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time test, hole cross test, hole board test, and open field test. The extract was found to decrease the motor activity and exploratory behaviour of mice in hole cross, hole board and open field tests. The extract also significantly maximized the duration of sleeping time when administered with thiopental sodium, which also demonstrated the CNS depressant activity. The findings of our study suggest that A. carambola extracts have active CNS depressant and hypnotic properties. However, further studies are warranted for isolation of bioactive constituents and understanding the molecular mechanism and modes of action for such pharmacological effects.
Computer-Aided Drug Design-Based System Pharmacology Applications for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
(Elsevier, 2023-06-15) Bibi, Shabana; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Hossain, Md. Shahadat; Khan, Muhammad Saad; Yousafi, Qudsia; Islam, Fahadul; Chopra, Hitesh; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad
Diabetes mellitus is a very complicated and long-term disease. Diabetic patients are always at risk of creating more complicated diseases in a very short time, as the damage of body organs is very fast if the situation becomes serious and untreated properly. Until yet there is no such medicine that could properly or completely treat diabetes mellitus. So there is an urgent need for advanced computational methods to identify novel therapeutics in a short time and at cheap rates. In this chapter, we have explained the status of diabetes mellitus, publications records, cases studies, mathematical models, and the importance of computer-aided aided design and its application in network pharmacology for the medicinal research of diabetes mellitus, also highlighted different medicine and potential targets for promoting antidiabetic drug research. More detailed studies of diabetic patients’ data set are required using advanced computational power to facilitate and speed up the antidiabetic drug research.
Coumarin-Based Sulfonamide Derivatives As Potential DPP-IV Inhibitors
(MDPI Publications, 2023-01-19) Vawhal, Pallavi Kishor; Jadhav, Shailaja B.; Kaushik, Sumit; Panigrahi, Kahnu Charan; Nayak, Chandan; Urmee, Humaira; Khan, Sharuk L.; Siddiqui, Falak A.; Islam, Fahadul; Eftekhari, Aziz; Alzahrani, Abdullah R.; Azlina, Mohd Fahami Nur; Sarker, Md. Moklesur Rahman; Ibrahim, Ibrahim Abdel Aziz
Recent research on dipeptidyl peptidase-IV (DPP-IV) inhibitors has made it feasible to treat type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with minimal side effects. Therefore, in the present investigation, we aimed to discover and develop some coumarin-based sulphonamides as potential DPP-IV inhibitors in light of the fact that molecular hybridization of many bioactive pharmacophores frequently results in synergistic activity. Each of the proposed derivatives was subjected to an in silico virtual screening, and those that met all of the criteria and had a higher binding affinity with the DPP-IV enzyme were then subjected to wet lab synthesis, followed by an in vitro biological evaluation. The results of the pre-ADME and pre-tox predictions indicated that compounds 6e, 6f, 6h, and 6m to 6q were inferior and violated the most drug-like criteria. It was observed that 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, 6i, 6j, 6r, 6s, and 6t displayed less binding free energy (PDB ID: 5Y7H) than the reference inhibitor and demonstrated drug-likeness properties, hence being selected for wet lab synthesis and the structures being confirmed by spectral analysis. In the in vitro enzyme assay, the standard drug Sitagliptin had an IC50 of 0.018 µM in the experiment which is the most potent. All the tested compounds also displayed significant inhibition of the DPP-IV enzyme, but 6i and 6j demonstrated 10.98 and 10.14 µM IC50 values, respectively, i.e., the most potent among the synthesized compounds. Based on our findings, we concluded that coumarin-based sulphonamide derivatives have significant DPP-IV binding ability and exhibit optimal enzyme inhibition in an in vitro enzyme assay.
Diallyl Disulfide
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-12) Mitra, Saikat; Das, Rajib; Emran, Talha Bin; Labib, Rafiuddin Khan; -E-Tabassum, Noor; Islam, Fahadul; Sharma, Rohit; Ahmad, Islamudin; Nainu, Firzan; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Chandran, Deepak; Capasso, Raffaele; Wilairatana, Polrat
Cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by the uncontrolled division of cells, which culminates in a solid mass of cells known as a tumor or liquid cancer. It is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the number of cancer patients has been increasing at an alarming rate, with an estimated 20 million cases expected by 2030. Thus, the use of complementary or alternative therapeutic techniques that can help prevent cancer has been the subject of increased attention. Garlic, the most widely used plant medicinal product, exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, hypo-lipidemic, antithrombotic, and anticancer effects. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major organosulfur compound contained within garlic. Recently, several experimental studies have demonstrated that DADS exhibits anti-tumor activity against many types of tumor cells, including gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer), hematological cancers (leukemia, lymphoma), lung cancer, neural cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer), hepatocellular cancer cell line, etc. The mechanisms behind the anticancer action of DADS include epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration. This article aims to review the available information regarding the anti-cancer potential of DADS, as well as summarize its mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics from published clinical and toxicity studies.
Emerging Promise of Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Disorders
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023-04-12) Rahman, Md Mominur; Tumpa, Mst Afroza Alam; Rahaman, Md Saidur; Islam, Fahadul; Islam, Fahadul; Sutradhar, Popy Rani; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Alghamdi, Badrah S.; Hafeez, Abdul; Alexiou, Athanasios; Perveen, Asma; Ashraf, Ghulam Md
Mitochondria are critical for homeostasis and metabolism in all cellular eukaryotes. Brain mitochondria are the primary source of fuel that supports many brain functions, including intracellular energy supply, cellular calcium regulation, regulation of limited cellular oxidative capacity, and control of cell death. Much evidence suggests that mitochondria play a central role in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ongoing studies of NDDs have revealed that mitochondrial pathology is mainly found in inherited or irregular NDDs and is thought to be associated with the pathophysiological cycle of these disorders. Typical mitochondrial disturbances in NDDs include increased free radical production, decreased ATP synthesis, alterations in mitochondrial permeability, and mitochondrial DNA damage. The main objective of this review is to highlight the basic mitochondrial problems that occur in NDDs and discuss the use mitochondrial drugs, especially mitochondrial antioxidants, mitochondrial permeability transition blockade, and mitochondrial gene therapy, for the treatment and control of NDDs.
Emerging Trends in the Delivery of Resveratrol by Nanostructures
(Daffodil International University, 2022-03-08) Chopra, Hitesh; Bibi, Shabana; Islam, Fahadul; Ahmad, Syed Umair; Olawale, Oluwaseyi Abraham; Alhumaydh, Fahad A.; Marzouki, Riadh; Baig, Atif Amin; Emran, Talha Bin
Resveratrol (RES) is a stilbene group of natural polyphenolic compounds in trees, peanuts, and grapes. RES is revealed with anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and cardioprotective effects. Though it is proven with prominent therapeutic activity, low aqueous solubility, poor bioavailability, and short half-life had hindered its use to exploit the potential. Also, the first-pass metabolism and undergoing enterohepatic recirculation are obscure in the minds of researchers for their in vitro studies. Many approaches have been investigated and shown promising results in manipulating their physicochemical properties to break this barrier. Nanocarriers are one of them to reduce the first-pass metabolism and to overcome other hurdles. This article reviews and highlights such encapsulation technologies. Nanoencapsulated RES improves in vitro antioxidant effect, and this review also highlights the new strategies and the concept behind how resveratrol can be handled and implemented with better therapeutic efficacy.
Encapsulation of Lactic Acid Bacteria by Lyophilisation with Its Effects on Viability and Adhesion Properties
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-27) Patil, Abhinandan; Munot, Neha; Patwekar, Mohsina; Patwekar, Faheem; Ahmad, Irfan; Alraey, Yasser; Alghamdi, Saad; Kabrah, Ahmed; Dablool, Anas S.; Dablool, Anas S.; Islam, Fahadul
Lactobacillus (LAB) genera are considered important functional food but are found to have a short shelf life. In this study, two LAB, Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus (Lr), were isolated from sheep’s milk, and whole-genome sequencing was carried out by using 16s rRNA Illumina Nextseq, the Netherlands. The LAB were encapsulated by the lyophilisation technique using different lyoprotective pharmaceutical excipients. This process was carried out using a freeze dryer (U-TECH, Star Scientific Instruments, India). Shelf-life determination was carried out by a 12-month study using the viability survival factor (Vsf). The in vitro cell adhesion technique was carried out by using the red snapper fish along with autoaggregation and cell surface hydrophobicity as vital probiotic properties. It was observed that Lp has a significantly higher (P < 0.001) Vsf of 7.2, while Lr has a Vsf of 7 (P < 0.05) when both are encapsulated with 10% maltodextrin + 5% sucrose kept at 4°C for 12 months. The result demonstrated that Lp had significantly high (P < 0.05) cell adhesion, 96% ± 1.2 autoaggregation, and 6% cell surface hydrophobicity as compared to Lr. Moreover, this study demonstrated that lyophilised LAB with lyoprotective excipients enhances shelf life without any changes in probiotic properties when kept at 4°C exhibiting all its probiotic properties.
Ethosomes
(Elsevier, 22-08-08) Chauhan, Neha; Vasava, Parul; Khan, Sharuk; Siddiqui, Falak; Islam, Fahadul; Chopra, Hitesh; Emran, Talha Bin
Ethosomal systems are newer lipid vesicular carriers that have been around for 20 years, but over that period they have grown significantly as a means of transdermal drug delivery. They have a sizable amount of ethanol in them. These nanocarriers carry medicinal substances with various physicochemical qualities throughout the skin and deep skin layers. Since they were created in 1996, ethosomes have undergone substantial investigation; new substances have been added to their original composition, creating new varieties of ethosomal systems. These innovative carriers, which can be added to gels, patches, and lotions, are prepared using several novel methods. In addition to clinical trials, many in vivo models are employed to assess the effectiveness of dermal/transdermal administration. This review focuses on different generation of ethosomes and their comparison with other conventional liposomes.
Evaluation of Wound Healing Activity (Excision Wound Model) of Ointment Prepared from Infusion Extract of Polyherbal Tea Bag Formulation in Diabetes-Induced Rats
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-06) Quazi, Aamir; Patwekar, Mohsina; Patwekar, Faheem; Mezni, Amine; Mezni, Amine; Ahmad, Irfan; Islam, Fahadul
In the present investigation, Ichnocarpus frutescens, Ficus dalhousiae, Crateva magna, Alpinia galanga, and Swertia chirata plants were selected to formulate polyherbal tea bag. The infusion obtained from these polyherbal tea bags was used to formulate 5% and 10% ointment formulation to perform its wound healing activity. The excision wound model was used to assess the wound healing activity in diabetic as well nondiabetic rats. The mean percentage closure of wound area was calculated on the 3rd, 6th, 9th, 12th, 15th, 18th, and finally 21st day. The wound healing activity of formulation was found to be significantly compared with that of the reference standard and untreated groups. The percentages of closure of excision wound area on the 21st day in diabetic animals treated with ointment formulations (F1 and F2) were found to be 93.91 ± 1.65% and 99.12 ± 5.21% respectively, whereas the chloramphenicol sodium drug solution was found to be 99.81 ± 3.16%. The percentages of closure of excision wound area in nondiabetic animals treated with ointment formulations (F1 and F2) were found to be 96.81 ± 2.04% and 98.13 ± 1.14%, respectively, whereas the chloramphenicol sodium drug solution was found to be 99.15 ± 1.41% at 21st day. Therefore, from the above results, we have concluded that this polyherbal ointment can be used clinically for the treatment of diabetic and nondiabetic wounds.
Exploring the Journey of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) toward Biomedical Applications
(Daffodil International University, 2022-03-01) Islam, Fahadul; Shohag, Sheikh; Uddin, Md Jalal; Islam, Md Rezaul; Nafady, Mohamed H; Akter, Aklima; Mitra, Saikat; Emran, Talha Bin; Cavalu, Simona
The field of nanotechnology is concerned with the creation and application of materials having a nanoscale spatial dimensioning. Having a considerable surface area to volume ratio, nanoparticles have particularly unique properties. Several chemical and physical strategies have been used to prepare zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs). Still, biological methods using green or natural routes in various underlying substances (e.g., plant extracts, enzymes, and microorganisms) can be more environmentally friendly and cost-effective than chemical and/or physical methods in the long run. ZnO-NPs are now being studied as antibacterial agents in nanoscale and microscale formulations. The purpose of this study is to analyze the prevalent traditional method of generating ZnO-NPs, as well as its harmful side effects, and how it might be addressed utilizing an eco-friendly green approach. The study's primary focus is on the potential biomedical applications of green synthesized ZnO-NPs. Biocompatibility and biomedical qualities have been improved in green-synthesized ZnO-NPs over their traditionally produced counterparts, making them excellent antibacterial and cancer-fighting drugs. Additionally, these ZnO-NPs are beneficial when combined with the healing processes of wounds and biosensing components to trace small portions of biomarkers linked with various disorders. It has also been discovered that ZnO-NPs can distribute and sense drugs. Green-synthesized ZnO-NPs are compared to traditionally synthesized ones in this review, which shows that they have outstanding potential as a potent biological agent, as well as related hazardous properties.
Exploring the Recent Trends in Management of Dementia and Frail-ty
(Daffodil International University, 2022-09-05) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Mim, Sadia Afsana; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Parvez, Anwar; Islam, Fahadul; Uddin, Mohammad Borhan; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Shuvo, Pollob Ahmed; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Greig, Nigel H.; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad
Dementia and frailty increase health adversities in older adults, which are topics of growing research interest. Frailty is considered to correspond to a biological syndrome associated with age. Frail patients may ultimately develop multiple dysfunctions across several systems, including stroke, transient ischemic attack, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, cortico-basal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Patients with dementia and frailty often develop malnutrition and weight loss. Rigorous nutritional, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological interventions generally are required for these patients, which is a challenging issue for healthcare providers. A healthy diet and lifestyle instigated at an early age can reduce the risk of frailty and dementia. For optimal treatment, accurate diagnosis involving clinical evaluation, cognitive screening, essential laboratory evaluation, structural imaging, functional neuroimaging, and neuropsychological testing is necessary. Diagnosis procedures best apply the clinical diagnosis, identifying the cause(s) and the condition(s) appropriate for treatment. The patient's history, caregiver's interview, physical examination, cognitive evaluation, laboratory tests, and structural imaging should best be involved in the diagnostic process. Varying types of physical exercise can aid the treatment of these disorders. Nutrition maintenance is a particularly significant factor, such as exceptionally high-calorie dietary supplements and a Mediterranean diet to support weight gain. The core purpose of this article is to investigate trends in the management of dementia and frailty, focusing on improving diagnosis and treatment. Substantial evidence builds the consensus that a combination of balanced nutrition and good physical activity is an integral part of treatment. Notably, more evidence-based medicine knowledge is required.
Exploring the Role of Natural Bioactive Molecules in Genitourinary Cancers
(Springer, 2023-10-16) Islam, Fahadul; Nath, Nikhil; Zehravi, Mehrukh; Khan, Jishan; Jashim, Sumiya Ben‑Ta; Charde, Manoj Shrawan; Chakole, Rita Dadarao; Kumar, Praveen; Babu, A. Kishore; Nainu, Firzan; Khan, Sharuk L.; Rab, Safia Obaidur; Emran, Talha Bin; Wilairatana, Polrat
The primary approaches to treat cancerous diseases include drug treatment, surgical procedures, biotherapy, and radiation therapy. Chemotherapy has been the primary treatment for cancer for a long time, but its main drawback is that it kills cancerous cells along with healthy ones, leading to deadly adverse health effects. However, genitourinary cancer has become a concern in recent years as it is more common in middle-aged people. So, researchers are trying to find possible therapeutic options from natural small molecules due to the many drawbacks associated with chemotherapy and other radiation-based therapies. Plenty of research was conducted regarding genitourinary cancer to determine the promising role of natural small molecules. So, this review focused on natural small molecules along with their potential therapeutic targets in the case of genitourinary cancers such as prostate cancer, renal cancer, bladder cancer, testicular cancer, and so on. Also, this review states some ongoing or completed clinical evidence in this regard.
Exposure of Metal Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-12) Islam, Fahadul; Shohag, Sheikh; Akhter, Shomaya; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Sultana, Sharifa; Mitra, Saikat; Chandran, Deepak; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Idris, Abubakr M.; Emran, Talha Bin; Cavalu, Simona
Metals serve important roles in the human body, including the maintenance of cell structure and the regulation of gene expression, the antioxidant response, and neurotransmission. High metal uptake in the nervous system is harmful because it can cause oxidative stress, disrupt mitochondrial function, and impair the activity of various enzymes. Metal accumulation can cause lifelong deterioration, including severe neurological problems. There is a strong association between accidental metal exposure and various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia that causes degeneration in the aged. Chronic exposure to various metals is a well-known environmental risk factor that has become more widespread due to the rapid pace at which human activities are releasing large amounts of metals into the environment. Consequently, humans are exposed to both biometals and heavy metals, affecting metal homeostasis at molecular and biological levels. This review highlights how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity and their roles in creating harmful proteins such as β-amyloid and tau in AD. In addition, we address findings that confirm the disruption of immune-related pathways as a significant toxicity mechanism through which metals may contribute to AD.
Fighting Antibiotic Resistance: New Pyrimidine-Clubbed Benzimidazole Derivatives as Potential DHFR Inhibitors
(MDPI Publications, 2023-01-04) Haque, M. Akiful; Marathakam, Akash; Rana, Ritesh; Almehmadi, Samar J.; Tambe, Vishal B.; Charde, Manoj S.; Islam, Fahadul; Siddiqui, Falak A.; Culletta, Giulia; Almerico, Anna Maria; Tutone, Marco; Khan, Sharuk L.
The present work describes the design and development of seventeen pyrimidine-clubbed benzimidazole derivatives as potential dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitors. These compounds were filtered by using ADMET, drug-likeness characteristics calculations, and molecular docking experiments. Compounds 27, 29, 30, 33, 37, 38, and 41 were chosen for the synthesis based on the results of the in silico screening. Each of the synthesized compounds was tested for its in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activities using a variety of strains. All the compounds showed antibacterial properties against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus pyogenes) as well as Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). Most of the compounds either had a higher potency than chloramphenicol or an equivalent potency to ciprofloxacin. Compounds 29 and 33 were effective against all the bacterial and fungal strains. Finally, the 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidine-2-thiol derivatives with a 6-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole moiety are potent enough to be considered a promising lead for the discovery of an effective antibacterial agent.
Fucoxanthin
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-02) Das, Ayan; Mumu, Mumtaza; Emran, Talha Bin; Mitra, Saikat; Islam, Fahadul; Roy, Arpita; Karim, Md. Mobarak; Das, Rajib; Park, Moon Nyeo; Chandran, Deepak; Sharma, Rohit; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Idris, Abubakr M.; Kim, Bonglee
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a special carotenoid having an allenic bond in its structure. FX is extracted from a variety of algae and edible seaweeds. It has been proved to contain numerous health benefits and preventive effects against diseases like diabetes, obesity, liver cirrhosis, malignant cancer, etc. Thus, FX can be used as a potent source of both pharmacological and nutritional ingredient to prevent infectious diseases. In this review, we gathered the information regarding the current findings on antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin protective, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and other properties of FX including its bioavailability and stability characteristics. This review aims to assist further biochemical studies in order to develop further pharmaceutical assets and nutritional products in combination with FX and its various metabolites.