Browsing by Author "Islam, Anamul"

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Analysis of crosstalk in the mechanomyographic signals generated by forearm muscles during different wrist postures
(Wiley, 2014-09-10) Islam, Anamul; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Ahmad, R. Badlishah; Sundaraj, Sebastian; Ahamed, Nizam Uddin; Ali, Asraf
Introduction: In this study, we analyzed the crosstalk in mechanomyographic (MMG) signals generated by the extensor digitorum (ED), extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), and flexor carpi ulnaris (FCU) muscles of the forearm during wrist flexion (WF) and extension (WE) and radial (RD) and ulnar (UD) deviations. Methods: Twenty right-handed men (mean 6 SD age 5 26.7 6 3.83 years) performed the wrist postures. During each wrist posture, MMG signals were detected using 3 accelerometers. Peak cross-correlations were used to quantify crosstalk. Results: The level of crosstalk ranged from 1.69 to 64.05%. The wrist postures except the RD did not influence the crosstalk significantly between muscle pairs. However, muscles of the forearm compartments influenced the level of crosstalk for each wrist posture significantly. Conclusions: The results may be used to improve our understanding of the mechanics of the forearm muscles during wrist postures. Full Text Link: https://doi.org/10.1002/mus.24454
Analysis of the Effect on Electrode Placement on an Adolescent’s Biceps Brachii during Muscle Contractions Using a Wireless EMG Sensor
(J-Stage, 2012) Ahamed, Nizam Uddin; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Ahmad, R. Badlisha; Rahman, Matiur; Islam, Anamul; Ali, Asraf
Electromyography (EMG) is a random signal recording process that fully depends on proper electrode placement on the active muscle. The present study investigated and analyzed the electrical (amplitude) responses from three different locations of an adolescent’s biceps brachii muscle during four contractions (concentric, eccentric, isometric and isokinetic) using a wireless EMG sensor. [Subjects and Methods] One healthy male subject (age: 17 years, weight: 60 kg, height: 171 cm, BMI: 20.7, right arm biceps muscle) volunteered for the study. A Shimmer TM wireless EMG sensor (non-invasive technique) was used in this experiment and MVC% was set to 0% and 100% with a 6-kg load. Electrode placement locations on the biceps were, i) between the endplate region and distal tendon insertion ii) in the midst of the muscle belly, and iii) above the medial belly of both head parallel to muscle fibers (long and short head biceps tendon). Statistical analyses were performed to examine the significant differences among the three electrode placements were determined by ANOVA (analysis of variances). [Results] The muscle belly gave significantly higher EMG activity than the other two locations. The medial belly muscle (long and short head biceps tendon) gave a considerably higher signal than the lower part muscle (near the endplate and tendon region). [Conclusion] The overall outcomes demonstrate that, EMG signals varied among the three electrode placements of an adolescent biceps brachii muscle. Generated results will be useful for adolescent’s biceps rehabilitation and any other physiological measurement that concern the upper arm muscles. Full Text Link: https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.24.609
Electromyographic Responses during Elbow Movement at Two Angles with Voluntary Contraction: Influences of Muscle Activity on Upper Arm Biceps Brachii
(Airiti Library, 2012) Ahamed, Nizam Uddin; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Ahmad, R. Badlishah; Rahman, Matiur; Ali, Asraf; Islam, Anamul
Analysis of Electromyography (EMG) signals generated by individuals is part of human musculoskeletal system research and signals are always influenced by the electrode placement in the muscle. This characteristic is also obvious at Biceps Brachii (BB) muscles during the movement of elbow at different angles. The purpose of this study was to monitor and determine the BB muscle function in 3 conditions: (i) electrodes were placed at 3 locations on the BB, (ii) elbow was fixed at the two angles (90° and 150°) and (iii) isometric contractions were performed to record EMG data. EMG data were obtained from six healthy subjects (n=6, mean±SD age=24.4±3.1 years, body mass=68±6.3 kg, height=164±4.1 cm, BMI=21.2±2.3, right arm dominated). A Bluetooth-enabled laptop, wireless EMG sensors, digital dynamometer and angle meter were used for data recording. EMG data were calculated and analyzed by average value, standard deviation, Root Mean Square (RMS) and highest peak of the signal during maximum voluntary contraction. All the dependent variables were calculated using repeated measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The results from the research showed that (i) according to the calculation of average RMS and the maximum peaks of EMG signals, there was a significant difference between 2 angles (p=0.047, i.e., p＜0.05), but no interaction at the same angles when overall average EMG and standard deviation value are considered and (ii) majority of the outcomes showed that EMG activity is higher in the order of middle, upper and lower BB muscle. It is therefore important that electrical signals generated upon different electrode placements and angles on the BB muscle are used for biceps rehabilitation and other physiological measurements on upper arm.
Evaluation of triceps brachii muscle strength during grip force exercise through surface electromyography
(Allied Academics, 2014-03-05) Ali, Asraf; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Ahmad, R. Badlishah; Ahamed, Nizam Uddin; Islam, Anamul; Sundaraj, Sebastian
The objective of the present study was to investigate the strength of the three heads of triceps brachii muscle during handgrip force exercise with full elbow extension through surface electromyography. The myoelectric signals were recorded from the lateral, long and medial heads of triceps brachii muscle of 11 healthy men during maximal isometric contractions for 10-s of concurrent handgrip force and elbow extension. The subjects were asked to perform their contraction task five times with 3-min interval between the two successive contractions. Among the three heads of triceps brachii muscle, the higher normalize root mean square amplitude were found at the first 5-s duration (FD) compare to the last 5-s duration (LD). The normalized root mean square amplitude changes were obtained between FD and LD in lateral head (7.995%), long heads (5.435%), and medial head (1.144%). The electromyographic activities between the period of FD and LD were not statistically significant within the head for lateral (p = 0.178), long (p = 0.491), and medial (p = 0.448). These findings supported that the triceps brachii muscle strength is decreased by the increasing of contraction duration of the muscle fiber, where the muscle strength of the medial head might be more stable and followed the long and lateral head.
Gait disorder rehabilitation using vision and nonvision based sensors: A systematic review
(Basic Medical Sciences of FBIH, 2012-08-16) Ali, Asraf; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Ahmad, Badlishah; Ahamed, Nizam; Islam, Anamul
Even though the amount of rehabilitation guidelines has never been greater, uncertainty continues to arise regarding the efficiency and effectiveness of the rehabilitation of gait disorders. This question has been hindered by the lack of information on accurate measurements of gait disorders. Thus, this article reviews the rehabilitation systems for gait disorder using vision and non-vision sensor technologies, as well as the combination of these. All papers published in the English language between  and June,  that had the phrases “gait disorder”, “rehabilitation”, “vision sensor”, or “non vision sensor” in the title, abstract, or keywords were identified from the Springer Link, ELSEVIER, PubMed, and IEEE databases. Some synonyms of these phrases and the logical words “and”, “or”, and “not” were also used in the article searching procedure. Out of the  published articles found, this review identified  articles that described the rehabilitation of gait disorders using different types of sensor technologies. This literature set presented strong evidence for the development of rehabilitation systems using a marker less vision based sensor technology. We therefore believe that the information contained in this review paper will assist the progress of the development of rehabilitation systems for human gait disorders. Full Text Link: http://doi.org/10.17305/bjbms.2012.2484/
Mechanomyography Sensors for Muscle Assessment: a Brief Review
(J-Stage, 2012) Islam, Anamul; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Ahmad, Badlishah; Ahamed, Nizam Uddin; Ali, Asraf
There are three mechanomyography terminologies that are commonly used: acoustic myography, vibromyography, and phonomyography. There is no clear evidence concerning the sensors used among these terminologies. Thus the purpose of this review is to identify these three terminologies in terms of the implemented sensors, frequency ranges, and muscle assessment applications. [Methods] Thus, we first performed a systematic search of all the articles published up to April 15, 2012 in the IEEE, Elsevier, PubMed, Springer Link, and Wiley Online Library databases using various combinations of the focused keywords. We then read the articles found in the search and selected papers related to these three technologies. After analysis, 32 articles were extracted to meet our objective. [Results] In turn, we determined that 100% and 54% of the studies of phonomyography and acoustic myography, respectively, utilized a microphone as the sensory device, whereas 91% of the articles on vibromyography detected the signal through an accelerometer. The remaining 46% of the acoustic myography studies recorded the signal through different types of sensors. In addition, acoustic myography was mostly applied to the study of muscle fatigue and the control of externally powered prostheses. Similarly, vibromyography was implemented in the monitoring of muscle fatigue, balance, contraction force, and effort. Phonomyography, however, was generally performed to study neuromuscular blockade in a clinical environment. Furthermore, no specific and distinct frequency ranges were found for the sensors associated with the terminologies. [Conclusion] Hence, the findings of this review may prove useful in the selection of suitable sensors for assessing different muscles. Full Text Link: https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.24.1359
Non-invasive electromyography-based fatigue detection and performance analysis on m. biceps brachii muscle
(IEEE Xplore, 2013-03-28) Ahamed, Nizam Uddin; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Ahmad, R. Badlishah; Rahman, Matiur; Islam, Anamul; Ali, Asraf
Muscle fatigue occurs most frequently due to repetitive movements in our day-to-day activities. The powerful use of muscles might cause a decline in performance. In this study, the effects of muscle fatigue involving only the m. biceps brachii muscle in the dominant upper arm were investigated during the course of an arm wrestling game where the muscle contractions were produced by the winner and loser, respectively. This competition was conducted to monitor the progress/ decline of muscle strength among young players. Eight male subjects (age: 26±3 years, height: 170±13 cm, weight: 70±13 kg and BMI: 21±4) were participated in this study. Electrodes were placed on the middle of the biceps muscle to record the electromyography (EMG) signals. Each group (two players) participated twice with each other, and the EMG signals were recorded. Muscle fatigue was analyzed and compared using the first-time and second-time EMG data. The results were evaluated by calculating the average EMG, root mean square (RMS) and the highest peak of the signal during muscle contraction. Among these, RMS and highest peak values helped in efficiently assessing muscle fatigue. Most of the results indicated that m. biceps muscle reduced its strength during the second game; also, winners performance were found to be better than the losers (according to EMG amplitudes). The current findings regarding the m. biceps brachii muscle might prove to be useful in developing effective injury prevention and rehabilitation strategies, and other physiological measurements related to the upper arm muscles. Full Text Link: http://doi.org/10.1109/ICCSCE.2012.6487160
Surface Electromyography Assessment of the Biceps Brachii Muscle between the Endplate Region and Distal Tendon Insertion: Comparison in Terms of Gender, Dominant Arm and Contraction
(J-Stage, 2012-08-30) Ahamed, Nizam Uddin; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Ahmad, Badlisha; Rahman, Matiur; Islam, Anamul; Ali, Asraf
[Purpose] In some earlier studies of electromyography (EMG) of the upper arm biceps brachii (BB), researchers preferred to place the electrodes on the middle of the biceps muscle to analyze its function. This study investigated the BB muscle activity between the region of the endplate and distal tendon insertion (electrode placed on lower part of the BB muscle belly). [Subjects and Methods] Six right-arm dominant Asian subjects (n=6, 3 males and 3 females), age range 20–30 years, who were free from any musculoskeletal disorder in BB, participated in this study. EMG signals were recorded from 12 BB muscles (6 subjects × 2 arms) during two types of muscle contraction (concentric and eccentric). Mean±SD was calculated and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed. [Results] The results indicate that, the dominant right arm (R) of both males (M) and females (F) showed significantly higher activity than non-dominant left arm (L). In addition, there were interactions between M(L) and M(R), F(L) and F(R), M(L) and F(L), M(R) and F(R), and both male BB and both female BB; but, no interactions were found between M(L) and F(R), and M(R) and F(L). We also discovered that eccentric contraction generates higher EMG signals than the concentric contraction of that muscle region. [Conclusion] These findings suggest that EMG data are random on the BB muscle area we investigated during arm movement. These results should be considered in biceps tendonitis rehabilitation, muscle coordination and other physiological measurements of the upper limb muscles. Full Text Link: https://doi.org/10.1589/jpts.25.3
Surface electromyography for assessing triceps brachii muscle activities: A literature review
(Elsevier, 2013-09-10) Ali, Asraf; Sundaraj, Kenneth; Ahmad, R. Badlishah; Ahamed, Nizam Uddin; Islam, Anamul
The goal of this review was to summarise the scientific findings of research conducted on the triceps brachii muscle using surface electromyography. To achieve this goal, we searched through several articles available from the online databases ScienceDirect and SpringerLink published in the English language between January 2008 and June 2012. We specifically searched for the phrases “EMG” and “triceps brachii” in the title, abstract, keywords or methods sections. From a total of 569 articles we identified 77 potentially relevant studies where 42 studies have been examined triceps brachii muscle activity using surface electromyography that applied in the field of rehabilitation, physiological exercise, sports, and prosthesis control. Among the 42 articles found, 16 studies have been examined triceps brachii muscle activity in rehabilitation, 13 for physiological exercise, 9 for sports, and 4 for prosthesis control in this literature review. We therefore believe that the information contained in this review will greatly assist and guide the progress of studies that use surface electromyography to measure triceps brachii muscle activity in the context of rehabilitation, physiological exercise, sports, and prosthesis control. Full Text Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2013.09.001