Browsing by Author "Islam, A. K. M. Rafiul"

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Agronomical Characters and Nutritional Quality Analyses in Selected Potato (SOLANUM TUBEROSUM L.) Genotypes
(University of Rajshahi, 2018) Ali, Md. Yeasin; Hossain, Md. Monzur; Islam, A. K. M. Rafiul; Ibrahim, Md.
The research works embodied in this thesis were aimed to explore the extent of genetic variation among the selected potato genotypes for important agronomic and nutritional quality characters and their possible exploitation in varietal improvement programme for desirable traits. Field experiment was conducted with 32 potato genotypes following RCBD with three replications. Data were collected on days to first shoot emergence, foliage coverage, number of stems/plant, number of leaves/plant, plant height, chlorophyll content in leaf, number of tubers/plant, tuber weight/plant, single tuber weight and tuber yield/ha at early (70 DAP) and late (90 DAP) harvest. Collected data were analyzed using both 1st degree statistics such as mean, SE, analysis of variance, DMRT and 2nd degree statistics such as coefficient of variability, heritability, genetic advance, correlation coefficients and path coefficient analysis. Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the 32 potato genotypes for all the studied characters that indicate the presence of wide range of genetic variation among them. Mean performances of different characters of 32 potato genotypes were also found significantly different as revealed by the DMRT test. Foliage coverage, number of stems/plant, number of leaves/plant, plant height, chlorophyll content in leaf, number of tubers/plant, tuber weight/plant, single tuber weight and tuber yield/ha showed moderate to high heritability along with high genetic advance as percentage of means. Correlation and path coefficient analyses revealed that foliage coverage, chlorophyll content in leaf and single tuber weight showed significant positive genotypic correlation with tuber yield as well as employed positive direct effect on tuber yield both at early and late harvest suggesting that the selection for these traits would be helpful for the improvement of tuber yield. Among the genotypes G9 (Granola) and G11 (Courage) were found to be the highest tuber yielder at early harvest and genotypes G20 (Cardinal), G22 (Diamont) and G28 (Ultra) showed the highest tuber yield at late harvest. Freshly harvested potatoes from each genotype were analyzed in laboratory for the quantitative estimation of 20 nutritional quality characters viz., moisture, dry matter, specific gravity, ash, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, total phenolics, β-carotene, vitamin C, starch, soluble protein, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, iron (Fe), phosphorous (P), calcium (Ca), potassium (K) and zinc (Zn) contents. Chemical analysis were done separately for early (70 DAP) and late (90 DAP) harvested tubers. Analysis of variance revealed the existence of significant variation for all nutritional characters among the potato genotypes studied. Mean performances of different quality characters of 32 potato genotypes were also found significantly different as revealed by the DMRT test. The results of PCV and GCV analyses revealed the presence of wide range of variation among the potato genotypes for the studied nutritional quality characters. Among the nutritional quality characters, dry matter, titratable acidity, total phenolics, vitamin C, starch, total sugar, reducing sugar, non-reducing sugar, soluble protein, Fe, P, Ca, K and Zn contents of tubers both at 70 and 90 DAP showed high heritability along with higher genetic advance as percentage of mean. The nutritional quality characters like dry matter, total phenolics, starch and minerals showed significant negative correlation with tuber yield/ha both at 70 and 90 DAP harvest and reducing sugar was negatively correlated with dry matter suggesting that the selection for these traits would be helpful for the improvement of nutritional quality of tuber. The results of principal component (PCA), principal coordinate (PCO), canonical variate (CVA) and cluster analyses revealed that the genotypes could be grouped into seven different clusters on the basis of 70 and 90 DAP harvesting situation. The results also revealed that the genotypes in cluster III were far diverse from genotypes of cluster VI (early harvest) and cluster V (late harvest) whereas the genotypes belong to cluster I and VII (early harvest) and II and VII (late harvest) were least diverse. Intra-cluster distances in both the harvesting time were being much lower than the inter cluster one’s, suggesting heterogeneous and homogeneous nature between and within groups, respectively. The highest inter genotypic distance indicated that there is scope for improvement of nutritional quality characters by hybridization. Genotypes in cluster I showed the maximum dry matter, total phenolics, starch, total sugar, reducing sugar, soluble protein, Fe and Ca contents, where as the genotypes in cluster III showed the best mean performance for K and Zn contents and the genotypes under cluster IV showed the highest vitamin C and P contents when harvested at 70 DAP. In case of tuber harvested at 90 DAP cluster I showed the highest starch, total sugar, reducing sugar and Ca contents. However, the genotypes under cluster II showed the highest vitamin C content but the genotypes in cluster III showed the highest K and Zn contents. The highest amount of dry matter, total phenolics, soluble protein, Fe and P contents were found in the genotypes under cluster IV. Dry matter, total phenolics, reducing sugar, soluble protein, Fe, P, Ca, K and Zn contents were found to be contributed effectively towards genetic divergence among the genotypes. Therefore, these traits would offer a good scope for the improvement of nutritional quality through rational selection of parental genotypes in future potato breeding. The genotypes G8 (Lady Rosetta), G12 (Hagrai), G13 (Indurkani), G21 (Vandarpur), G23 (JPR) and G24 (All Red) might be selected as better parents for improving different nutritional quality characters through hybridization programme with higher yielder genotypes like G9 (Granola) and G11 (Courage) for early and G20 (Cardinal), G22 (Diamont) and G28 (Ultra) for late harvest potato varieties.
Induction of Somaclonal Variation in Strawberry and Evaluation of Variants to Different Biotic and Abiotic Stresses
(University of Rajshahi, 2013) Ara, Most. Tanziman; Islam, A. K. M. Rafiul
The cultivated strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.), a member of the Rosaceae is the most important soft fruit worldwide. Commercial cultivation of strawberry in Bangladesh has been initiated since 2008. However, its productivity seriously hampered due to different diseases, due to crown rot and verticillium wilt, which is proven difficult to control through fungicides. On the other hand, hot and dry weather and soil pH are the major abiotic factors affect strawberry cultivation in Bangladesh. In this context, induction of somaclonal variation can be used to create new genetic variability for improvement of the strawberry. The present study was conducted to standardize a suitable protocol of in vitro plant regeneration potentiality of seven strawberry varieties viz. AOG, JP-2, JP-3, Camarosa, Sweet Charly, Giant Mountain and Festival. Young leaves, mature leaves and nodes of seven strawberry varieties were used as explants. To collect leaf segments and node, surface sterilization and initial culture establishment of runner tips and nodal segments of field grown strawberry plants were adopted. The nodes and leaf segments were collected from the in vitro runner tip derived shoots and cultured in MS medium supplemented with different concentrations of 2,4-D or NAA alone or in combination with BA and the cultures were incubated in dark for four weeks for callus induction. The highest degree of percentage of callus was observed in some formulations such as 2.0 mg/l 2,4-D, 2.0 mg/l NAA and 0.5 mg/l NAA +1.5 mg/l BA. Calli depeloped from all types of explants were subcultured onto MS medium supplemented with different concentration and combination of BA + NAA for shoot regeneration. The medium with 1.5 mg/l BA + 0.5 mg/l NAA showed the best respons to indirect shoot regeneration. From the above description it is clear that NAA, BA combination was found to be the most suitable for callus induction and regeneration. Mature leaves were favorable for callus induction and shoot regeneration more than young leaves and nodes in all case. Successful shoot formation became evident when small green fresh leaves began to emerge. These leaves when developed in their actual shape were transferred into fresh medium containing the same hormonal combination or best one among them for further proliferation and development. Sub culture was carried out regularly at an interval of 3-4 weeks. After shoot proliferation, the mini regenerated shoots were separated aseptically and cultured in MS medium and ½ MS medium containing different concentrations of NAA, IBA alone and MS and ½ MS medium without growth regulators (MS0). Cent percent cultured shoots induced to develop roots when cultured in MS0 rooting medium. Among the seven strawberry varieties AOG was found to be the most responsive genotype in terms of different parameters such as ability to primary culture establishment, percentage to callus induction, shoot regeneration and rooting response. After sufficient root formation, the in vitro regenerated plantlets were acclimatized gradually. Then successfully acclimatized plantlets were transplanted in to field. A total of 30- 50 somaclones from each of the tested varieties were established and maintained in the field and were considered as Ro plants. Four somaclones from AOG and two somaclones from other six strawberry varieties viz. JP-2, JP-3, Camarosa, Sweet Charly, Giant Mountain and Festival were selected from Ro plants. The seven strawberry varieties were also grown in the field to compare with the somaclones. Eight morpgological and eight fruit yield and yield contributing characters were analyzed to find out better strawberry varieties for Bangladesh environment condition. In the analysis of variance the main item genotype was highly significant for all characters. In the analysis of components of variation it was found that phenotypic variation was greater than genotypic variation. In the second part of this research was field evaluation of the seven strawberry varieties and their somaclones under biotic and abiotic stress condition. Verticillium wilt, phytophthora crown rot, leaf scotch, leaf spot, leaf blight and botrytis fruit rot diseases were found in the strawberry field but disease incidences (%) of verticillium wilt and phytophthora crown rot were high. There were no plants found resistance to fungal diseases but somaclones showed better performance than the donor plants. Majority of plants were found heat sensitive in donor plants but somaclone AOG SC 3 showed better performance than other somaclones and donor parents in terms of summer overcoming capacity. These somaclones can be acceptable commercially if the good characters exhibited are transmitted through generations or could be used in future breeding programmed for the improvement of strawberry varieties in Bangladesh.
Mass Propagation and Conservation of Three Important Medicinal Plants: Aloe Vera L., Acorus Calamus L. and Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni
(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Ahmad, Shahrear; Islam, A. K. M. Rafiul
The peasant investigation was undertaken to standardize in vitro culture techniques for mass propagation and conservation of two threatened important plant species, Aloe vera L. and Acorus calamus L. of Bangladesh and one n: canty introduced non-sugar natural herbal sweetener, Stevia Reba Diana Bertoni. In case of Aloe vera through proper hormonal treatments it was possible to differentiate direct multiple shoots from shoot tip explants. The best multiple shoot production was achieved in MS+2.0 mg/I BA + 0.5 mg/I Kn + 0.2 mg/I NAA. The optimum pH level of the medium was found to be 6.0. As a carbon source, 13DH was the best and local market 13angladesh sugar at 30-40 g/1 was also found to give the satisfactory result. Agar at a level of 7 g/1 irrespective of brands was highly effective to solidly media. For adventitious rooting of regenerated shoots MMS1 + 0.2 mg/I NAA was proved to be the most favorable. The regenerated plants under ex vitro condition showed normal mode of development and 70% survivalist was achieved when they were transferred to garden soil + compost potting………
Micropropagation and Improvement of Garlic (Alliiun Sativum L.) Through in Vitro Techniques
(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Roksana, Mst. Rubayat; Islam, A. K. M. Rafiul; Alam, M. Firoz
Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus free plants, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis followed by subsequent plant regeneration, in vitro bulblet formation and field evaluation of the in vitro regenerated plants were studied on five commercial cultivars of garlic (Allium sativum L.) viz., GC002, GC008, GC009, GC0025 and Indian variety. For micropropagation, shoot tip of field grown mature garlic bulbs of five cultivars were used for meristem isolation. Meristems were cultured on to filter paper bridge in liquid MS medium. Among the different media formulations MS + 1.0 mg/1 2ip + 0.5 mg/1 NAA was found to be the best for primary establishment of meristems and for maximum shoot proliferation. Protocol was also developed to induce in vitro bulblets from meristem derived shoot clumps and among various concentrations of sucrose, 12% sucrose was found to be the best for in vitro bulblet formation for all the four cultivars. Same result was also found in callus culture. Rooted plantlets with bulblets of four garlic cultivars were gradually acclimatized and successfully established in the field. Visual evaluation of the morphological traits of the meristem derived plants showed that all plants were normal and free from virus diseases. Substantial yield increase was observed from meristem derived plants over their source plants. Among the four cultivars cv. GC0025 was found to be highly responsive for in vitro shoot proliferation and bulblet formation.
Phenotypic Expression of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Genotypes Under Different Environmental Conditions.
(University of Rajshahi, 2004) Pramanik, Md. Ashraful Islam; Alam, M. Firoz; Islam, A. K. M. Rafiul
The present civilization is the gift of science. It is the supreme cause of development all over the world. So, it goes without having that only science can make Bangladesh in to a developed country indeed. Bangladesh has a vast population in comparison with its area. To remove the want of food and nutrition for the added population, research work is needed in the field of agriculture. Plants are part and parcel of our life. Plants are useful to us in many ways. They give us oxygen, food, medicine, fuel, furniture and, shelter and maintain our ecological balance. So, plants are very important to human life. In Bangladesh pulse is an important name in our food list. Here, it comes next to rice. As a result, the significance of pulse as a food is unquestionable. In fact, it is considered an alternative to meat and fish as it contains more protein than many other vegetables. Apart from protein, pulse also contains carbohydrate, fat and mineral salt. Hence, the research of such a crop is undoubtedly required in our country. The research, which has been going on, is utterly negligible to the requirement. Among pulses chickpea is one of them and a popular foodstuff. It is rich in nutrient and energy. There are many kinds of chickpeas in Bru1gladesh. Each variety does not fit in with any environment. Moreover, the best quality has to be chosen to have more production. To select the best quality and to develop it, modern research is a must.
Taxonomic Studies of the Cucurbits Grown in the Northern Parts of Bangladesh
(University of Rajshahi, 2004) Rahman, A. H. M. Mahbubur; Islam, A. K. M. Rafiul
Taxonomic investigation of the Cucurbits (farnily-Cucurbitaceae) growing throughout the Northern parts of Bangladesh was carried out. Documentation of species distribution, ecology and indigenous uses by local people have been made. A total of 24 species under 13 genera of the family Cucurbitaceae were collected. A list of the taxa examined with all synonyms are provided. Taxonomic position and classification are presented and discussed. A complete taxonomic account of each species is given with current nomenclature, chromosome number, local name, occurrence, cultivation method, geographical distribution, food value (mainly cultivated) and uses. Eight genera of the family Cucurbitaceae are cultivated in the study area which included 14 species and 42 types. Two types of Benincasa hispida differed in length and breadth of lamina, petiole length, internode length and in the length, breadth, colour and shape of fruit. Differences were noted among the types of Citrullus lanatus in lamina length and breadth, petiole length, internode length and shape, colour, length and breadth of fruit, seed shape and venation. Types of Cucumis sativus differed in lamina length and breadth, petiole length, internode length, length, breadth and shape of fruit, and seed shape. In Cucumis melo difference was observed in lamina length and breadth, petiole length, intemode length, tendril, fruit shape and colour and its length and breadth. Two types of fruits were seen in Cucurbita maxima. There were differences in lamina length, breadth, internode length and petiole length. Only one type Cucurbita pepo was seen in the study area. Cucurbita moschata included two types between which differences in petiole and fruit shape were observed. Eleven types of Lagenaria siceraria were recorded. They differed in lamina length and breadth, petiole length, intemode length, fruit length, breadth, colour and shape. In the two types of Luffa acutangula, differences were marked in respect of lamina length and breadth, petiole length, intemode length, fruit shape, length and breadth, and leaf margin. The two types of Luffa cylindrica clearly varied with regard to lamina length and breadth, petiole length, intemode length, fruit colour, shape, length and breadth. Only one type of Momordica cochinchinensis is cultivated in the study area. Among the three types of Momordicaeharantia, some differences were seen in lamina length and breadth, petiole length, intemode length, fruit shape, length and breadth.The two types of Trichosanthes dioica differed in lamina length and breadth, petiole length, internode length, fruit shape and colour. Two types of Trichosanthes anguina were recorded. They differed in respect of tendril, lamina length and breadth, petiole length, internode length, fruit shape, length and breadth.