Browsing by Author "Idroes, Rinaldi"

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Monkeypox Outbreak 2022: What We Know So Far and Its Potential Drug Targets and Management Strategies
(PubMed Central Press, 2023-01-15) Rabaan, Ali A; Abas, Abdul Hawil; Tallei, Trina Ekawati; Al-Zaher, Mona A; Al-Sheef, Noor M.; Fatimawali; Al-Nass, Esraa Z; Al-Ebrahim, Eba A; Effendi, Yunus; Idroes, Rinaldi; Alhabib, Mather F.; Al-Fheid, Hussain A.; Adam, Ahmad Akroman; Emran, Talha Bin
Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic disease caused by infection with the monkeypox virus. The disease can result in flu-like symptoms, fever, and a persistent rash. The disease is currently spreading throughout the world and prevention and treatment efforts are being intensified. Although there is no treatment that has been specifically approved for monkeypox virus infection, infected patients may benefit from using certain antiviral medications that are typically prescribed for the treatment of smallpox. The drugs are tecovirimat, brincidofovir, and cidofovir, all of which are currently in short supply due to the spread of the monkeypox virus. Resistance is also a concern, as widespread replication of the monkeypox virus can lead to mutations that produce monkeypox viruses that are resistant to the currently available treatments. This article discusses monkeypox disease, potential drug targets, and management strategies to overcome monkeypox disease. With the discovery of new drugs, it is hoped that the problem of insufficient drugs will be resolved, and it is not anticipated that drug resistance will become a major issue in the near future.
The Gut Microbiota (Microbiome) in Cardiovascular Disease and Its Therapeutic Regulation
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-22) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Islam, Fahadul; Rashid, Md. Harun-Or; Mamun, Abdullah Al; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Islam, Md. Mohaimenul; Meem, Atkia Farzana Khan; Sutradhar, Popy Rani; Mitra, Saikat; Mimi, Anjuman Ara; Emran, Talha Bin; Idroes, Rinaldi; Fatimawal; Idroes, Rinaldi; Tallei, Trina Ekawati; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Cavalu, Simona
In the last two decades, considerable interest has been shown in understanding the development of the gut microbiota and its internal and external effects on the intestine, as well as the risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as metabolic syndrome. The intestinal microbiota plays a pivotal role in human health and disease. Recent studies revealed that the gut microbiota can affect the host body. CVDs are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality, and patients favor death over chronic kidney disease. For the function of gut microbiota in the host, molecules have to penetrate the intestinal epithelium or the surface cells of the host. Gut microbiota can utilize trimethylamine, N-oxide, short-chain fatty acids, and primary and secondary bile acid pathways. By affecting these living cells, the gut microbiota can cause heart failure, atherosclerosis, hypertension, myocardial fibrosis, myocardial infarction, and coronary artery disease. Previous studies of the gut microbiota and its relation to stroke pathogenesis and its consequences can provide new therapeutic prospects. This review highlights the interplay between the microbiota and its metabolites and addresses related interventions for the treatment of CVDs.
Unveiling the Immunomodulatory Mechanisms of Pineapple Metabolites
(Bangladesh Society for Microbiology, Immunology, and Advanced Biotechnology, 2023-10-04) Tallei, Trina Ekawati; Wali, Fatima; Yelnetty, Afriza; Niode, Nurdjannah Jane; Kusumawaty, Diah; Idroes, Rinaldi; Celik, Ismail; Emran, Talha Bin
The exploration of the immunomodulatory potential of pineapple metabolites holds promise for substantial implications across several fields, encompassing medicine, pharmacology, nutrition, and public health. This study explores potential immune-regulating properties of secondary pineapple metabolites beyond bromelain, using computational techniques. Pineapple juice's secondary metabolites were identified via LC-MS-based metabolomics, selected using KNApSAcK Kanaya and Dr. Duke's databases. A heatmap was generated with Orange v.3.27.0. Bioactivity predictions utilized the PASS Online webserver, while ADMET properties were forecasted. Network pharmacology explored metabolite interactions with protein targets. Molecular docking focused on compounds against receptors, choosing robust interactors for dynamic simulations. Our findings revealed that certain metabolites from pineapple juice/fermented juice exhibited interactions with proteins associated with pro-inflammatory cytokines. Specifically, the molecular docking results indicated that the carbohydrate moiety of bromelain (CMB) interacted strongly with TLR2, while 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid showed strong interactions with NLRP3 (inflammasome). The flexibility and stability of these complexes were further assessed through molecular dynamics simulations conducted over a 50-ns time period. The MM-PBSA calculations also indicated low binding free energies between these complexes, suggesting strong molecular interactions. These findings suggest that CMB may interact with TLR2 and 9,10-Dihydroxystearic acid may interact with NLRP3, highlighting their potential as immunomodulatory agents. However, further experimental studies are warranted to confirm the therapeutic efficacy of these molecules and investigate their mechanisms of action in vivo.