Browsing by Author "Hossain, Mohammad Anwar"

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    Boi hok nittashangi (বই হোক নিত্যসঙ্গী)
    (Voice of youth parliament, 2018-07) Hossain, Mohammad Anwar
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    Correlation Between Heavy Metals and Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Among the Patients Attended at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University
    (University of Rajshahi, 2020) Hossain, Mohammad Anwar; Islam, Md.Ekramul; Mosaddik, Ashik; Islam, Md. Saiful
    Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia is a frequently encountered problem in 60%–80% of newborns worldwide. The burden is high in low-income and middle-income countries like Bangladesh. A recent report noted that at least 4,81,000 term/near-term neonates are affected by hyperbilirubinemia each year, with 1,14,000 dying and an additional 63,000 surviving with kernicterus. Under this circumstance, it is essential to tackle severe neonatal jaundice as one key component of optimizing neurodevelopmental outcome to achieve the sustainable development goals. Therefore, this study has designed to find the incidence and relation of neonatal jaundice with heavy metals such as copper, zinc and magnesium to inform child health policy regarding its prevention and management. About 594 neonates were collected from the outpatient and inpatient Department of Clinical Pathology (Laboratory medicine) and Neonatology at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka. Infants with severe congenital malformation, sepsis, or birth asphyxia were excluded from this study. They were divided into case and control groups. This study was approved by the institutional ethical committees of Institute of Biological Sciences (IBSc), University of Rajshahi, Bangladesh (Approval Memo no-82/320/IAMEBBC/IBSc, 20 August, 2017). The mean age of the respondents was 3.08 and 3.21 days; the sex variable of the respondents were male 187 and 160 in case and control group respectively and female were 132 and 115 in case and control group respectively which was not significant. The mean weight of the respondents was 2.62±0.4 and 2.84±0.3 kilogram which was significant. The concentration of serum bilirubin was significantly (p<0.001) higher (171.14 mg/L) in case group when compare to control group (35.42 mg/L). Because the liver function becomes progressively worse in case group. The serum magnesium was 23.98 mg/L and 19.19 mg/L in case and control group, respectively. The concentration of serum magnesium is higher in case group when compared with control which is very significant (p<0.001). The level of serum zinc was 0.50 mg/L in case group and 0.68 mg/L in control group. The serum zinc level is significantly (p<0.001) lower in case group when compared with control group. In case group the level of copper was 0.75 mg/L and in control group was 0.43 mg/L. It was significantly (p<0.001) higher in case group when compared with control group. There was a positive significant Pearson correlation (r=0.817, pvalue<0.001) between serum total bilirubin level and serum magnesium level in both groups. It means if serum bilirubin is increased, serum magnesium also increased in case group and control group. Relation between serum total bilirubin level and serum zinc level was negative significant Pearson correlation (r= -0.773, p value <0.001) in both groups. It is justified that if serum bilirubin level is increased the serum zinc level also decreased in case group and control group. The positive significant Pearson correlation (r=0.832, p value <0.001) was in between serum total bilirubin and serum copper level in both groups and it can be said that if serum bilirubin level is increased, the serum copper level also increased in case group and control group. So, in this study, the heavy metal like zinc, copper and magnesium has relation with neonatal hyperbilirubinemia. If serum bilirubin is increased, serum magnesium and copper also increased but when serum bilirubin level is increased, the serum zinc level decreased in the patient of neonatal hyperbilirubinemia.
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    Slum pre primary graduates in primary education a tracer study on BEHTRUWC sibling project
    (BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 2018) Nath, Samir Ranjan; Hossain, Mohammad Anwar; Chowdhury, Tanjeeba
    The importance of early childhood care and education in life is well documented. Education during early-years has been emphasised in many international documents. The second target of the fourth Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) called for ensuring quality early-years care and education for preparing children for primary education. Literature shows that a large proportion of the children in developing countries including slums are exposed to multiple risks, which detrimentally affect their cognitive, motor and socio-emotional development. Therefore, high quality early-years care, education and development is suggested for them. With a few exceptions, the duration of pre-primary education (PPE) is one year in Bangladesh, which is provided by the government and nongovernment schools and NGOs. A national curriculum has been prepared to implement such education. Slums are common in the low-and-middle income countries (LMICs), along with growing urbanisation. In Bangladesh, the number of slums are increasing over time, along with the inhabitants. Slum dwellers in Bangladesh are lagging much behind the non-slum urban dwellers with regard to housing structure, toilet facilities and availability of pure drinking water; however, they are still more likely to get better facilities than their rural counterparts. In terms of access to education and achieving literacy, the slum population is lagging behind both their urban and rural counterparts.
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    Value chain analysis of potato in selected areas of Bogra and Munshigonj districts of Bangladesh
    (BRAC University, 2016-06) Hossain, Mohammad Anwar; Ahmed, Dr. Md. Saleh
    Potato plays a significant role in increasing food security and income of the farmers of Bangladesh. It is an important vegetable for its commercial and nutritional value in the world as well as in Bangladesh. The value chain of potato is not well organized in Bangladesh. This study was carried out to analyze the existing value chain of potato in two selected districts of Bangladesh viz. Bogra and Munshiganj. It’s an attempt to assess the existing potato value chain with the help of primary and secondary data. Primary data were collected from the potato growing area of Kahaloo upazila under Bogra district and Sadar Upazila of Munshiganj district. Potato value chain actors were selected from both the upazilas. Twenty farmers, forty traders and three cold storage owners were selected through simple random sampling, purposive sampling, and simple random sampling procedure, respectively. Simple descriptive methods were used to analyze the data. The primary data were collected through the direct interview method with the help of pretested questionnaires during the month of February to April 2016. In the production and marketing system of potato, many value chain actors were involved such as farmers, Faria, Bepari, wholesaler, retailer and cold storage owner. Marketing of potato produced in Kahaloo Upazila was moved from the hands of producers to the hands of consumers through five separate chains. Highest sales price per 40Kg of potato received by retailer was Tk. 818.50 and the lowest sales price received by farmer was Tk. 480.38. In the value chain, highest value (33.13 percent) was added by wholesaler and lowest value (14.23 per cent) was added by Faria of the total value addition. Comparison of price fluctuation of potato in Bogra and Dhaka market was relatively correlated. The present study found some problems of the existing potato production and marketing system. Potato growers did not get fair price due to lack of economic storage facilities, existence of stronger middlemen, inefficient transportation facilities, and lack of proper marketing information and urgent requirement of money immediately after the potato harvesting period by the farmers. Based on the findings of the present study, it was recommended that institutional credit, timely supply of inputs, application of modern production and postharvest technologies and stability of price should be ensured along with the provision of storage, transport and market facilities.