Browsing by Author "Hossain, Md. Selim"

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Analysis of COVID-19 Trends in Bangladesh
(Daffodil International University, 2022-01-31) Samrin, Nishat Ahmed; Suzan, Md. Mahmudul Hasan; Hossain, Md. Selim; Mollah, Mohammad Sarwar Hossain; Haque, Md. Dulal
The globe has reached a critical juncture in the last recent years. According to data we collected from an official internet source, Bangladesh recorded 913,258 confirmed cases, 14,646 death cases with a 1.60% mortality rate, and 85% recovery rate as of June 30, 2021. Furthermore, the delta variant currently has a significant impact on improving the current COVID situation in Bangladesh. So, one of the efficient ways to prevent this outbreak is to building multiple Bangladesh outbreak prediction models to analyze historical data and predict with it for making decisions and implementing appropriate COVID-19 control measures. In this study, a machine learning model, an Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) and Prophet, were developed using time series analysis to forecast new cases in Bangladesh in the coming days. This study examined the model outputs, compared their performance, and created predicted values from these models using the Python programming language. The ARIMA model is the best fit model among the algorithms used to predict the new COVID-19 situation in Bangladesh. The primary goals of this paper are to analyze COVID-19 trends and predict the new upcoming cases and assist decision-makers in controlling the Bangladesh outbreak.
Analytical Approach for Modeling and Simulation of Photonic Crystal Fiber Based on Low Effective Material Loss
(Springer, 2023-03-06) Rahman, Md. Habibur; Rana, Md. Masud; Hossain, Md. Selim; Sen, Shuvo; Al‑Amin, Md.
COMSOL Multiphysics simulation software has been used to create a hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) with hexagonal cladding and a rotating hexa elliptical shape core. The hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) fiber is built on five layers of circular air holes, and it is suitable for telecommunication applications especially optical fiber communication in the terahertz (THz) frequency range. The hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) is designed to have an ultra-low effective material loss (EML), a higher core power fraction, a bigger effective area, and reduced confinement loss. The smallest effective material loss from the proposed hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) is 0.00689 cm−1, with a better core power fraction of 82%, less confinement loss of 3.45 × 10–14 cm−1 and a better effective area of 3.65 × 10–4 m2 is achieved at one terahertz (THz) waveguide region. Furthermore, using the features of the V-Parameter, our developed hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) fiber reveals an optical waveguide with one mode throughout a frequency range of terahertz (THz) wave area. So, it has been said that our hexagonal photonic crystal fiber (H-PCF) structure will be highly beneficial for optical fiber communications applications in the THz frequency range.
Brain Tumor Auto-Segmentation on Multimodal Imaging Modalities Using Deep Neural Network
(Daffodil International University, 2022-02-16) Hossain, Elias; Hossain, Md. Shazzad; Hossain, Md. Selim; Jannat, Sabila Al; Huda, Moontahina; Alsharif, Sameer; Faragallah, Osama S.; Eid, Mahmoud M. A.; Rashed, Ahmed Nabih Zaki
Due to the difficulties of brain tumor segmentation, this paper proposes a strategy for extracting brain tumors from three-dimensional Magnetic Resonance Image (MRI) and Computed Tomography (CT) scans utilizing 3D U-Net Design and ResNet50, taken after by conventional classification strategies. In this inquire, the ResNet50 picked up accuracy with 98.96%, and the 3D U-Net scored 97.99% among the different methods of deep learning. It is to be mentioned that traditional Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) gives 97.90% accuracy on top of the 3D MRI. In expansion, the image fusion approach combines the multimodal images and makes a fused image to extricate more highlights from the medical images. Other than that, we have identified the loss function by utilizing several dice measurements approach and received Dice Result on top of a specific test case. The average mean score of dice coefficient and soft dice loss for three test cases was 0.0980. At the same time, for two test cases, the sensitivity and specification were recorded to be 0.0211 and 0.5867 using patch level predictions. On the other hand, a software integration pipeline was integrated to deploy the concentrated model into the webserver for accessing it from the software system using the Representational state transfer (REST) API. Eventually, the suggested models were validated through the Area Under the Curve–Receiver Characteristic Operator (AUC–ROC) curve and Confusion Matrix and compared with the existing research articles to understand the underlying problem. Through Comparative Analysis, we have extracted meaningful insights regarding brain tumour segmentation and figured out potential gaps. Nevertheless, the proposed model can be adjustable in daily life and the healthcare domain to identify the infected regions and cancer of the brain through various imaging modalities.
Design and Analysis of Heptagonal Cladding with Rotated-hexa Elliptical Core Based PCF for the Applications of Communication Sectors in the THZ Region
(Optical and Quantum Electronics, Springer, 2021-11-02) Hossain, Md. Selim; Barid, Mimun; Sen, Shuvo; Azad, Mir Mohammad; Haque, Md. Dulal
Photonic crystal fiber-based heptagonal cladding with the elliptical rotated-Hexa core is reported in the terahertz waveguide for the applications of communication area in this paper. By utilizing the photonic crystal fiber concept, all numerical results have been obtained by the finite element method with perfectly matched layers based on the COMSOL Multiphysics computer software tool. This H-PCF fiber shows a low effective material loss of 0.0076 cm−1, with a larger effective area of 5.95 × 10–8 m2, power flows within the core area of 90%, confinement loss of 3.35 × 10–16 cm−1, and scattering loss of 1.24 × 10–10 cm−1 at 1 THz. Besides, other optical properties like confinement loss, scattering loss, power fraction, V-parameter, and effective area have also been considered briefly. So, it is expected that the mentioned H-PCF structure-based waveguide will significantly improve many kinds of communication fields of the THz technology.
Design and Analysis of the Effect of Zeonex Based Octagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber for Different Types of Communication Applications
(Optical and Quantum Electronics, Springer, 2021) Hossain, Md. Selim; Sen, Shuvo; Kamruzzaman, M. M.; Azad, Mir Mohammad
In this present work, a novel structure of octagonal cladding with two elliptical air holes based on photonic crystal fiber (O-PCF) has been presented for the application of different types of communication areas within the terahertz (THz) wave propagation. There are five layers of octagonal design shape of circular air holes (CAH) in cladding region with elliptical design shape of two air holes in core area has been reported in this research work. This O-PCF fiber has been investigated by the perfectly matched layers (PML) with the finite element method (FEM). After the simulation process, our proposed O-PCF fiber shows a low effective material loss (EML) of 0.0162 cm −1 , the larger effective area of 5.88×10-8 m2, the core power fraction (PF) of 80%, the scattering loss of 1.22×10 -10 dB/km, and the confinement loss of 3.33×10 -14 dB/m at the controlling region of 1 terahertz (THz). Due to its excellent characteristics, this proposed O-PCF fiber gives proficient transmission of broadband terahertz waves of signals. Moreover, for different kinds of optical communication applications and biomedical signals, our suggested O-PCF fiber will be highly perfect in the terahertz (THz) regions.
Design and Numerical Analysis of Zeonex-based Photonic Crystal Fiber for Application in Different Types of Communication Networks
(Journal of Computational Electronics, Springer, 2021-05-07) Hossain, Md. Selim; Sikder, Abu Sayed; Sen, Shuvo; Azad, Mir Mohammad
A photonic crystal fiber (O-PCF) with a novel structure consisting of five octagonal-shaped layers of circular air holes in the cladding region and two elliptical air holes in the core region is presented for application in different communication fields for terahertz (THz) wave propagation. The O-PCF fiber is investigated using perfectly matched layers by applying the finite element method. Based on the results of the simulations, the proposed O-PCF fiber shows a low effective material loss of 0.0162 cm−1, a higher effective area of 5.88 × 10–8 m2, a core power fraction of 80%, a scattering loss of 1.22 × 10–10 dB/km, and a confinement loss of 3.33 × 10–14 dB/m in the target region of 1 terahertz (THz). Due to its excellent characteristics, the proposed O-PCF fiber offers excellent transmission characteristic across a broad band of the terahertz region. Moreover, the suggested O-PCF fiber will be ideal for use in the terahertz (THz) region for different kinds of optical communication and biomedical applications.
Design and Performance Analysis of Background Material of Zeonex Based High Core Power Fraction and Extremely Low Effective Material Loss of Photonic Crystal Fiber in the Terahertz (THz) Wave Pulse for Many Types of Communication Areas
(Optik, Elsevier, 2021) -Al-Shafi, Md.Abdullah; Akter, Nasima; Sen, Shuvo; Hossain, Md. Selim
In this reported work, an excellent design model of quasi-shape of cladding areas with rotated-Hexa based elliptical shape of core areas in photonic crystal fiber (Q-PCF) has been reported for terahertz (THz) waves of communication signals. Here, we have presented a six-layer circular air hole in the quasi-shape of cladding regions with two layers rotated-Hexa-based ellipse shape of air holes in the core regions of photonic crystal fiber (Q-PCF) for analysis of communication networks in the terahertz (THz) regime. On the other hand, perfectly matched layers (PML) and finite element method (FEM) based on COMSOL software tool are used to design this photonic crystal fiber (Q-PCF). For short and wide-band of communication sectors, our proposed quasi shape-based photonic crystal fiber (Q-PCF) is highly useful because of reducing different types of losses such as ultra-low effective material loss (EML), conﬁnement loss, and scattering loss in the terahertz (THz) regime. After analysis of numerical results, our suggested quasi shape-based photonic crystal fiber (Q-PCF) shows an ultra-low effective material loss (EML) of 0.0163 cm−1, power fraction in the core area and large effective area of 74%, 5.52 × 10−8 m2, conﬁnement loss of 3.25 × 10−12 cm−1 and the scattering loss of 1.23 × 10−10, respectively at 1 terahertz (THz) frequency range. Moreover, our proposed quasi photonic crystal fiber (Q-PCF) discloses a single-mode propagation by the graphical results of V-parameter over 0.80–3 THz frequency range. As a result, we can say clearly that the reported Q-PCF fiber will be highly appropriate for terahertz (THz) wave propagation for many communication networks such as bio-medical signals and various data transfer communications system.
Design and Performance Improvement of Microstrip Patch Antenna Using Graphene Material for Communication Applications
(2021 IEEE 11th IEEE Symposium on Computer Applications & Industrial Electronics (ISCAIE), IEEE, 2021-05-26) Mollah, Mohammad Sarwar Hossain; Faruk, Omar; Hossain, Md. Selim; Islam, Md. Tarequl; Shafi, A.S.M.; Molla, M. M. Imran
In this paper, we discuss the process to fabricate a microstrip patch antenna by using graphene as a substrate material. Ours is the age of modern technology. Wireless communication is one of them. In wireless communication, graphene is widely used in the twenty-first century. Microstrip patch antenna provides better performance and better anticipation compared to other antennas. Microstrip patch antennas are more preferable compared to others because of their low cost, small size, and high performance. The graphene has a reconfigurable surface conductivity that can be tuned to operate at the desired frequencies. The main concept we focus on here to locate the best feed point of a microstrip patch antenna. This paper represents a graphene-based microstrip patch antenna. It has a 2.45 GHz resonant frequency for wireless communication. Here we use CST STUDIO SUITE 2017 software for designing and simulation our antenna. It shows the voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR), return loss, H-plane radiation pattern, and input impedance. The simulation output result shows a gain 6.801 dB and directivity of 7.302 dBi. It has return loss -23.673dB. Finally, we build up a design process of a graphene-based microstrip patch antenna.
Design of Hexagonal Shaped Spectroscopy Based Biosensor for the Detection of Tuberculosis
(Elsevier, 2024-08-30) Hossen, Rakib; Hossain, Md. Selim; Mim, Sadia Afrin; Al-Amin, Md.; Ahmed, Sabbir; Ashrafuzzaman, Md.; Salahin, Md. Ashiq; Sen, Shuvo
A proposal has been made to identify tuberculosis cells using a novel compact sensor based on photonic crystal fiber: PCF in accordance with hexagonal spectroscopy. This proposed structure, which consists of a closely packed hexagonal air hole in the cladding region and a hollow-core area, possesses a very low loss of 6.30 × 10−8 dB/m and an exceptionally high sensitivity of up to 91.75 % (tuberculosis cell for 1.345). Numerous optical parameters have been identified and assessed, comprised of the numerical aperture, the V-parameter, or normalized frequency (Veff), and the effective area (Aeff). The operational wavelength range is defined as 0.80–3.0 THz. The numerical investigation of the properties of the proposed TB sensors is performed within the environment of COMSOL Multiphysics (Version 5.3) using FV-FEM stands for the full vector finite element method. PCF sensors composed of hexagonal lattice in a circular form with ZEONEX as the backdrop material is intended to boost the sensitivity response in comparison to the earlier works. Additionally, the sensor that is being displayed achieves a single modality throughout its whole operational wavelength range. This proposed sensor may play a significant role in identifying tuberculosis thanks to its superior sensitivity response and extremely minimal confinement loss. So, it is clearly seen that this sensor could be used to bio-medical sectors with process of terahertz (THz) wave pulse.
Design of Quasi-Shaped Spectroscopy Based Optical Sensor for the Detection of Alcohol
(Elsevier, 2023-08-29) Hossain, Md. Selim; Hossen, Rakib; Walid, Md. Abul Ala; Alvi, Syada Tasmia; Al-Amin, Md.; Sen, Shuvo; Azad, Mir Mohammad
In this research, an entirely novel optical sensor for alcohol detection based on quasi-shaped spectroscopy is offered. A quasi shape with a tightly bonded structure in the cladding region and a hexahedron core region makes up the recommended design, which has a remarkable sensitivity of about 91.35%, 92.55%, and 90.40%and low confinement losses (CLs) of 5.44 × 10−08 dB/m, 6.75 × 10−08 dB/m, and 5.85 × 10−08 dB/m for detecting alcohol like ethanol (n = 1.354), butanol (n = 1.3993), and propanol(n = 1.384), at 1 THz. The numerical aperture, the effective area, and the V-parameter have all been identified and assessed. The 0.8THz to 3 THz operational wavelength range is stated. In the COMSOL Multiphysics (Version 5.6) environment, the properties of these suggested alcohol sensors are numerically examined utilizing the FEM (finite element method) with full vectors. In contrast to other efforts, the proposed sensor, which consists of a quasi-lattice PCF with a perfectly matched layer (PML) of a circular air hole shape and TOPAS as the background material, aims to improve sensitivity response. The proposed sensor might be crucial in the alcohol detection process due to its superior sensitivity response, a single mode of operation across the entire operational terahertz range, and shallow confinement loss. So, this PCF can proficiently be pragmatic in many biological sensing and other THz technology domains.
Efficient Way for Chemicals Identification Using Hexagonal Fiber With the Terahertz (THz) Band
(Daffodil International University, 2022-04-11) Hossain, Md. Selim; Kamruzzaman, M. M.; Rahman, Md. Mizanur; Sen, Shuvo; Azad, Mir Mohammad
To detect chemicals, we proposed a photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with hexagonal cladding and a hexahedron core (THz). Circular air holes (CAHs) in the vestibule provide the basis of the suggested sensor. To develop and evaluate our suggested hexahedron PCF sensor, we employed the finite element (FEM) technique and perfectly matched layers (PML), which utilized the optical parameters numerically. Here, 92.65%, 95.25%, and 90.70% are relatively sensitive, and confining losses are low. The value 5.40 × 10− 08, 6.70 × 10− 08 dB/m, and 5.75 × 10− 08 dB/m for three chemicals such as Ethanol (n = 1.354), Benzene (n = 1.366) and Water (n = 1.330) and effective material loss (EML) of 0.00694 cm− 1. The suggested Hx-PCF sensor has been successfully tested at 1 THz. We are certain that the suggested sensor’s optimal geometric structure can be manufactured and that it can contribute to realworld applications in biomedicine and industry. In terahertz areas, our suggested PCF fiber is also suited for a wide range of medical signals and applications (THz).
Hexahedron Core with Sensor Based Photonic Crystal Fiber
(Elsevier, 2021-06) Hossain, Md. Selim; Kamruzzaman, M.M.; Sen, Shuvo; Azad, Mir Mohammad; Mollah, Mohammad Sarwar Hossain
A new structure of hexahedron core with the heptagonal shape of cladding regions based on photonic crystal fiber (Hx-PCF) is presented of this research work. The finite element method (FEM) and perfectly matched layers (PML) based COMSOL Multiphysics has been used to design this photonic crystal fiber (Hx-PCF) with appropriate design parameters. The fiber discloses the high relative sensitivity (RS) which stand 86.32%, 88.36%, and 84.25%, and low confinement losses along with the value of 5.60 × 10–08, 6.60 × 10–08 dB/m, and 5.55 × 10–08 dB/m for three chemicals such as Ethanol (n = 1.354), Benzene (n = 1.366) and Water (n = 1.330), respectively at operating region of 1 THz (THz). Furthermore, some other optical characteristics such as an effective mode index (EMI), effective area (EA), total power fraction (TPF), effective material loss (EML), V-Parameter are also analyzed along through essential graphic outputs. So, the results show the strong potential of this suggested Hx-PCF fiber for bio-medical areas to detect biochemicals and also industrial areas for identifying many types of chemicals by sensing procedure in the terahertz (THz) waveguide system.
Intellectual Property Theft Protection in IOT Based Precision Agriculture Using SDN
(Electronics (Switzerland), 2021-08-18) Hossain, Md. Selim; Rahman, Md. Habibur; Rahman, Md. Sazzadur; Rahman, Md. Sazzadur; Hosen, A. S. M. Sanwar; Seo, Changho; Cho, Gi Hwan
In this work, we examine the privacy and safety issues of Internet of Things (I IOT)-based Precision Agriculture (PA), which could lead to the problem that industry is currently experiencing as a result of Intellectual Property Theft (IPT). Increasing IOT -based information flow in PA will make a system less secure if a proper security mechanism is not ensured. Shortly, IOT will transform everyday lives with its applications. Intellectual Property (IP) is another important concept of an intelligent farming system. If the IP of a wise farming system leaks, it damages all intellectual ideas like cultivation patterns, plant variety rights, and IOT generated information of IoT-based PA. Thus, we proposed an IOT enabled SDN gateway regulatory system that ensures control of a foreign device without having access to sensitive farm information. Most of the farm uses its devices without the use of its integrated management and memory unit. An SDN-based structure to solve IP theft in precision farming has been proposed. In our proposed concept, a control system integrates with the cloud server, which is called the control hub. This hub will carry out the overall PA monitoring system. By hiring the farm devices in the agricultural system, these devices must be tailored according to our systems. Therefore, our proposed PA is a management system for all controllable inputs. The overall goal is to increase the probability of profit and reduce the likelihood of IPT. It does not only give more information but also improves information securely by enhancing the overall performance of PA. Our proposed PA architecture has been measured based on the throughput, round trip time, jitter, packet error rate, and the cumulative distribution function. Our achieved results reduced around (1.66–6.46)% compared to the previous research. In the future, block chain will be integrated with this proposed architecture for further implementation
Large Effective Area with High Power Fraction in the Core Region and Extremely Low Effective Material Loss-based Photonic Crystal Fiber ((PCF) in the Terahertz (THz) Wave Pulse for Different Types of Communication Sectors
(Journal of Optics, Springer, 2021-07-04) Hasan, Md. Mahamudul; Barid, Mimun; Hossain, Md. Selim; Sen, Shuvo; Azad, Mir Mohammad
In this work, an excellent design of photonic crystal fiber (PCF) with five layers of a hexagonal lattice of air holes (AHs) of cladding region as well as two elliptical air holes in the core area (CA) has been presented for terahertz (THz) wave pulse propagation. The finite element method with perfectly matched layers has been used to design our proposed fiber L-PCF to achieve the low effective material loss (L-EML) in the terahertz regime for communication applications. After the simulation procedure, our proposed low-loss PCF (L-PCF) fiber shows a low effective material loss of 0.007 cm−1, with power fraction (PF) in the core area of 80% and a large effective area of 3.46 × 10–8 m2 at 1 terahertz (THz). Moreover, other optical properties such as V-parameter, scattering loss, and confinement loss are also reported here. For different types of optical and telecommunication applications, our suggested L-PCF fiber will be highly suitable at the terahertz (THz) wave guiding.
Manifesting a Mobile Application on Safety Which Ascertains Women Salus in Bangladesh
(International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science, 2019-04-30) Hossain, Md. Elias; Rahman, Md. Wahidur; Islam, Md. Tarequl; Hossain, Md. Selim; Hossain, Md. Selim
This paper reflects on the indemnity of women in our society. The proposed model ensures the embodiment of a mobile application. The algorithm, we developed for this model focuses the safety issues which is applicable to both inside as well as outside of the house for the women in Bangladesh. The solution of this problems can be done through some interrelated features such as i) SOS button pressing which ensures automatic calling, instant location tracking system through GPS of the phone and sending tracked location to all trusted numbers, automatically secrete video recording system ii) voice command detection which assures exact same features as SOS button pressing iii) phone shaking features serve user instant immunity by calling a trusted number. This research also assures experimented data analysis at Dhaka city based on respond time, the time it takes to arrive the SMS and Phone call and current location of the victim. Also do a short comparison among the most popular safety related mobile applications.
Performance Analysis of Alcohols Sensing with Optical Sensor Procedure Using Circular Photonic Crystal Fiber (C-Pcf) in the Terahertz Regime
(Daffodil International University, 2021-12-17) Hossain, Md. Selim; Hussain, Nazmul; Hossain, Zakir; Zaman, Md. Sakib; Rangon, Md. Navid Hasan; Abdullah-Al-Shafi, Md.; Sen, Shuvo; Azad, Mir Mohammad
In this study, a TOPAS-based optical sensor for detecting alcohols in drinks and liquids, made of circular air holes (CAH) in the cladding and a hexahedron core is suggested here. In addition, COMSOL Multiphysics program for development and analysis of the sensing qualities of a PCF-based sensor using finite element technical as a solution. In the THz frequency band, the described C-PCF structure has an exceptionally high relative sensitivity of 86.60%, 88.70%, and 84.71%, and low confinement losses (CLs) are 5.75 × 10−08, 6.11 × 10−08 dB/m and 5.70 × 10−08 dB/m for three alcohols such as Ethanol (n = 1.354), Butanol (n = 1.399), and Propanol (n = 1.387), respectively at monitoring region of 1 THz. Alcohol is widely used in both the food and beverage sectors and chemical operations. The detection methods of alcohol thus must be accurate, accurate, and reliable. This content modeling and analysis in the terahertz frequency range is a novel TOPAS-based photonic crystal fiber (C-PCF). Moreover, the total power fraction and effective area are also determined in the terahertz frequency range. Due to its excellent waveguiding characteristics, this suggested sensor has the potential to be employed in alcohols detection as well as polarization preserving terahertz wave applications.
Performance Analysis of Octagonal Photonic Crystal Fiber (O-PCF) for Various Communication Applications
(Physica Scripta, 2021-02-25) Hossain, Md. Selim; Sen, Shuvo; Hossain, Md. Mahabub
In this research work, a novel design of octagonal cladding with two elliptical cores in photonic crystal fiber (O-PCF) is studied for application in the terahertz (THz) frequency regime. There exists five layers octagonal figure in circular air holes (CAH) of cladding region with two elliptical shapes of core area are proposed in this research work. The O-PCF features of the fiber have been explored using full vector finite element method (FEM) with perfectly match layer (PML) boundary condition that have been used to confine the light inside the core region properly. Some supplementary significant fiber features for THz signal spread with low confinement loss, high core power fraction, scattering loss and single-mode PCF circumstances of the fiber have also been considered. Simulated results exhibition compares to the low effective material loss (EML) of 0.0153 cm−1, larger effective area of 5.95 × 10–8 m2, core power fraction of 79%, a low confinement loss and scattering loss such as 3.36 × 10–14 dB m−1 and 1.25 × 10–10 dB km−1 respectively at 1 THz frequency regime. To shorten design and smooth fabrication, only circular shaped air holes have been employed. Due to its promising characteristics, the proposed SM-OPCF waveguide provides efficient transmission of broadband terahertz signals. The suggested excellent designed of O-PCF can be used mostly for in nano-optics, biomedical signal processing, optical amplification, SONET and others communication areas.
Simulation and Analysis of Ultra-Low Material Loss of Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber in Terahertz (THz) Spectrum for Communication Applications
(Scopus, 2021) Hossain, Md. Selim; Hasan, Md. Mahedi; Sen, Shuvo; Mollah, Md. Sarwar Hossain; Azad, Mir Mohammad
This analysis represents a circular shape based cladding with two elliptical shape cores in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for the terahertz (THz) range. Here, we present a single-mode photonic crystal fiber (SM-PCF) with five layers of circular shape of air holes (CAH) structure along with two layers of elliptical shape of air holes (EAH) core configuration in the center to decrease the different types of losses. For broad-band communications, our proposed SM-PCF is highly useful due to the obtaining of ultra-low effective material loss (UML) in the terahertz regime. Perfectly matched layers (PMLs) and finite element method (FEM) established on COMSOL Multiphysics software has been used to design this PCF fiber. Simulated outcomes show a particularly an UML deficit of 0.014 cm −1 , power fraction in the core area (CA) and large effective area (EA) of 72%, and 5.90 × 10 −8 m 2 respectively at 1 terahertz (THz) frequency. Also, other aspects of optical fiber for THz signal banquet with confinement loss (CL), scattering loss (SL) and V-parameter have been calculated here. Moreover, our proposed SM-PCF shows single-mode propagation by V-parameter pointer over 0.80-3 THz frequency. So, we can say that our designed PCF fiber will be suitable for various effective communication areas at the terahertz (THz) spectrum.
Simulation and Analysis of Ultra-Low Material Loss of Single-Mode Photonic Crystal Fiber in Terahertz (THz) Spectrum for Communication Applications
(Walter de Gruyter GmbH, 2021-02-17) Hossain, Md. Selim; Hasan, Md. Mahedi; Sen, Shuvo; Mollah, Md. Sarwar Hossain; Azad, Mir Mohammad
This analysis represents a circular shape based cladding with two elliptical shape cores in photonic crystal fiber (PCF) for the terahertz (THz) range. Here, we present a single-mode photonic crystal fiber (SM-PCF) with five layers of circular shape of air holes (CAH) structure along with two layers of elliptical shape of air holes (EAH) core configuration in the center to decrease the different types of losses. For broad-band communications, our proposed SM-PCF is highly useful due to the obtaining of ultra-low effective material loss (UML) in the terahertz regime. Perfectly matched layers (PMLs) and finite element method (FEM) established on COMSOL Multiphysics software has been used to design this PCF fiber. Simulated outcomes show a particularly an UML deficit of 0.014 cm −1 , power fraction in the core area (CA) and large effective area (EA) of 72%, and 5.90 × 10 −8 m 2 respectively at 1 terahertz (THz) frequency. Also, other aspects of optical fiber for THz signal banquet with confinement loss (CL), scattering loss (SL) and V-parameter have been calculated here. Moreover, our proposed SM-PCF shows single-mode propagation by V-parameter pointer over 0.80-3 THz frequency. So, we can say that our designed PCF fiber will be suitable for various effective communication areas at the terahertz (THz) spectrum.
Transparent Blockchain-Based Electronic Voting System
(Daffodil International University, 2022-02-24) Islam, Md. Tarequl; Hasan, Md. Sabbir; Sikder, Abu Sayed; Hossain, Md. Selim; Azad, Mir Mohammad
The research work scrutinizes an e-voting concept that is on the platform ethereum blockchain. Ethereum is a distributed computing platform that is free, open source with the functionality of smart contracts. By utilizing this depiction, it is feasible to originate engrossing scientific prominence which enables the thoughtful in sober fact collaboration occurring in the blockchain. E-voting is the most accepted worldwide because it is a tool that every moment signifies the democracy of the election. Consequently, most of the countries persevere to experiment and development of the e-voting process. Blockchain technology is responsible for a decentralized design that designates advanced data simultaneously among the P2P network barring a central database. At last, the experiment addressed the debilitation of the existent e-voting method and successfully fruitful blockchain technology to unravel that feebleness.