Browsing by Author "Hossain, Md. Ismail"

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1000kva Substation Design and Load Calculation
(Daffodil International University, 2024-07-07) Barman, Papon Chandra; Mondal, Md. Roki; Hossain, Md. Ismail
Our journey through the B.Sc. Engineering program at Daffodil International University. Our project title is "Load Calculation & Substation Design," which immersed us deeply into the intricacies of electrical substations and related equipment. Through this project, we transitioned from theoretical understanding to hands-on practical knowledge, significantly enriching our understanding of the subject matter. Delving into various facets of substation engineering, we meticulously explored substation safeguarding, various protective relay kinds, bus-bar systems, installation techniques, and layout design and essential components like ring main units, AVR, and switchgear. Our comprehensive study extended to power transformers, distribution transformers, and instrument transformers, where we not only grasped theoretical concepts but also engaged in practical testing methodologies. The project enabled us to differentiate between transformers and instrument transformers, understand the critical role of current transformers (CT) in high-voltage applications, and appreciate the significance of load calculation in substation design. Additionally, we gained proficiency in substation switchgear, including high-tension (HT), low-tension (LT) and power factor improvement (PFI) as well as the utilization of circuit breakers for effective power distribution and protection. Our journey through this project has been transformative, equipping us with a robust foundation in substation engineering and empowering us with practical skills essential for real-world applications in the field.
ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM (AIS) PRACTICES AND ITS EFFECTS ON SMES: THE BANGLADESH HANDLOOM INDUSTRY EXPERIENCE
(R&D Wing, MIST, 2019-12) Hossain, Md. Ismail; Rahman PhD, Major Md. Ferdausur
The study is aimed to identify the scenario of practicing the Accounting Information System (AIS) by Benarashi, Jamdani, Reshmi, Shari, Lungi and Gamcha producing Handloom industry of Bangladesh. A qualitative research design was employed and a non-probability sampling design in the form of a convenience sampling method was employed to gather the data. Data were drawn from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was drawn from 30 small-scale Shari-Lungi producers, 5 each from Pabna, Sirajgonj, Tangail , Dhaka , Narayangonj, and Narshingdi of Bangladesh by administering semi-structured questionnaires through personal interviews. There are many perceived factors affecting their adoption of accounting information system practices and their effects on their business operations in the area. Among such factors include; lack of adequate knowledge and training, willful misconduct, and negligence from owners as well as controlling authority part. It is also revealed that, all levels of employees are ignorant about the use of Accounting Software; rather they try little to keep accounting records manually. It was also found that accounting illiteracy is the root cause of that. It was concluded that the lack of accounting knowledge and skills may in future threaten the financial steadiness of the Handloom Sector. In sustaining the sector, the findings recommends operators to undergo basic accounting training as well as Accounting Software training to acquire relevant knowledge and skills, employ qualified accounting information systems personnel and providing them with good motivational packages to ensure that their efficiency and morale is enhanced and, maintain strong internal control to check the practice of misappropriating funds in the business.
Analysis of Thyristor based dual converter controlling the firing angle for HVDC transmission
(BRAC University, 2017-12) Hassan, Mohammed Fuad; Monir, K. M. Mahmudul; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Joy, Sudipto Das; Abedin, Dr. Amina Hasan
Electricity is one of the most reliable energy sources because it can be converted into any form of energy and can easily be transmitted from one place to another. For transmission purpose we use Alternating current because producing the AC current is much more efficient than DC. The problem occurs when we want to transmit the electric energy to long distance AC current causes more transmission loss then DC current. That is why, for a long transmission line we use HVDC Transmission where AC voltage is converted in DC and after transmitting to other end DC is again converted into AC for distribution purpose. Another reason for HVDC concept is that renewable energy sources such as solar grid are placed at remote places and they produce a DC current. To transmit them to the end user we have to convert them into AC current. In our research we have simulated a three phase dual converter. In a dual converter, a single circuit can be used as a rectifier and inverter by changing the firing angle of conducting device. We have used a three phase source along with controlled full bridge rectifier consisting SCR. SCRs can be switched on or off using a gate pulse and controlling the time delay of SCR we can control the output. After simulating the circuit and observing the output we found that it is possible to use a controlled three phase rectifier as an inverter by changing the firing angle of SCR
ATM booth Users’ Satisfaction: A Study on Dinajpur City, Bangladesh
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2016-09) Hossain, Md. Ismail; Md. Jamal Uddin
The purpose of this study is to identify the factors which affects customers’ satisfaction level on ATM services in Bangladesh, for instance, speed of the ATM, location and number of ATM booth, sufficient amount of cash in the ATM, quality of notes, network capacity, security, safety and privacy of ATM, power backup, manners of guards and their consent to other related issues on ATM services. To carry out this study, a survey was conducted and 200 copies of a structured questionnaire were distributed to the banks’ customers’. Out of these, 196 of first part and 178 of satisfaction measurement factors were returned. Various statistical analytical tools and tests, such as, descriptive analysis, Z-test, and ANOVA test were conducted to test the hypothesis and collected data. The study finds that security/safety/privacy of ATM is ranked number one and represents maximum satisfaction of ATM users. The customers' are satisfied with the PIN (Personal Identification Number) of ATM card and they are also happy with the cash withdrawal accuracy/swiftness, quality of notes, manners of ATM guard, speed of the delivery of ATM cards, power backup of ATM, pay-in-slips in the ATM, Charge/fee/cost of ATM cards, maximum limit of cash withdrawals, sufficient cash in ATM and the overall satisfaction of the customers' represented in the last row which came out to be 3.8539 slightly lower than 4. However, customers' are not satisfied with the sufficient number of ATM booth, network capacity of ATM and complaint book in the ATM.
Bengali Ethnicity Recognition and Gender Classification Using CNN & Transfer Learning
(IEEE, 2019-11) Jewel, Md.; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Tonni, Tamanna Haider
In this paper, we have demonstrated how to apply CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) structured model and transfer learning to identify the ethnicity of Bengali people and it's a systematic process of gender classification too. We also applied several models of transfer learning like VGG16, Mobilenet, Resnet50, etc. to find out which model is more convenient to get our desired accuracy. But problems arise because there are many Indian people who look like and get dressed up like Bengali since in India many Bengali dwell in when many of them speak Bangla as well! (people of Kolkata along with some other provinces). So, the Bengali people are not only found in Bangladesh but also elsewhere in the world. That's why our model is based on facial images along with the tradition of their costumes. We tried to build a sophisticated model using CNN and transfer learning for this purpose and we got some tremendous performances applying transfer learning.
Design and Implementation of a Smart Wind Turbine with Yaw Mechanism
(IEEE Explore, 2023-01) Abhi, Subrotho Bhandari; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Suny, Rezaul Hoque; Zahura, Fatema Tuz; Hazari, Md. Rifat; Jahan, Effat; Mannan, Mohammad Abdul
In this paper, an intelligent low-cost wind turbine is designed which can rotate the rotor hub towards wind direction. The smart wind turbine technology has developed by using six rotor blades, squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG), and yaw mechanism. The yaw mechanism relates to two stepper motors through support tower. Based on the wind direction, the yaw mechanism will control the stepper motors. Finally, this stepper motors will move the wind turbine towards the wind direction. Conventionally, the hub of wind turbine is kept at fixed position. However, this kind of arrangement is not suitable where in some places (e.g. Bangladesh), the wind directions can be changed frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to move the rotor hub continuously towards the wind direction so that it can capture maximum amount of wind power. So, a smart wind turbine with yaw mechanism is designed in this paper.
Design and Implementation of a Smart Wind Turbine with Yaw Mechanism
(2023 3rd International Conference on Robotics, Electrical and Signal Processing Techniques (ICREST), 2023-01) Abhi, Subrotho Bhandari; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Suny, Rezaul Hoque; Zahura, Fatema Tuz; Hazari, Md. Rifat; Jahan, Effat; Mannan, Mohammad Abdul
In this paper, an intelligent low-cost wind turbine is designed which can rotate the rotor hub towards wind direction. The smart wind turbine technology has developed by using six rotor blades, squirrel cage induction generator (SCIG), and yaw mechanism. The yaw mechanism relates to two stepper motors through support tower. Based on the wind direction, the yaw mechanism will control the stepper motors. Finally, this stepper motors will move the wind turbine towards the wind direction. Conventionally, the hub of wind turbine is kept at fixed position. However, this kind of arrangement is not suitable where in some places (e.g. Bangladesh), the wind directions can be changed frequently. Therefore, it is necessary to move the rotor hub continuously towards the wind direction so that it can capture maximum amount of wind power. So, a smart wind turbine with yaw mechanism is designed in this paper.
Determination of Standard Measurements of T-shirt for Young Adults of Bangladeshi Origin
(Daffodil International University, 2021-01-18) Mamun, Abdullah Al; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Mozumder, Sumon; Hossain, Md Kamrul
Ready-made garments are popular because of readily availability in the retail shops. Ready-made garments production requires standard measurement for each age group which depends on anthropometry. Measurement of ready-made garments varies on the anthropometry of a nation. The goal of the study was to develop a measurement chart and identify the size ratio and color preferences of both male and female young adults of Bangladeshi origin which is not in literature. A different point of measurement along with their heights of 409 males’ and 356 females’ young adult for the Tshirt was taken. Based on height, the male and female young adults were categorized into five sizes (S, M, L, XL, and XXL). It is found that the size ratio was around S: M: L: XL: XXL = 6: 32: 37: 18: 7 and 17: 30: 34: 13: 6 for male and female respectively. Proposed standard measurement of Length from highest point of shoulder, Centre front length, Armhole, Sleeve length, Neck width, Across shoulder, Half chest and Hem Width for size L for male is 68 cm, 63 cm, 23 cm, 19.5 cm, 21 cm, 44 cm, 49 cm and 49 cm for respectively. Preferences of color are quite wide of both male and female, most preferred color is blue among the male and black among the female. Two-third female adults preferred short sleeve t-shirt. Brands that are targeting to retail their Tshirt in the market of Bangladesh can use developed measurement sheets for the bulk production of T-shirt.
Development of carrot sauce
(Daffodil International University, 2024-12-28) Hossain, Md. Ismail
An analytical study was carried out in order to create a new carrot sauce recipe and evaluate its nutritional content and shelf life. In proximate analysis Moisture, Ash, Brix, pH of carrot sauce 75.67±0.27%, 1.52±0.0.047%, 17%, 4.23. The carrot sauce's sensory qualities were evaluated using a nine-point hedonic scale. Based on the nine-point hedonic scale data, sample 1 of carrot sauce was finalized. It was safe to consume the freshly created carrot sauce for up to three days, but not for six
Enhancing stability in renewable energy transmission using multi-terminal HVDC systems with grid-forming controls for offshore and onshore wind integration
(Nature Portfolio Journal Scientific Reports, 2025-11-26) Shufian, Abu; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Zaman Anonto, Hasanur; Intekhab Rohan, Ahmed
This paper presents a thorough analysis of two-terminal VSC-HVDC links, and the effects of isolated faults have been extensively studied in multi-terminal HVDC (MTHVDC) networks systems that would enable the interconnection of substantial offshore wind farm energy resources to onshore power systems with emphasis on dynamic transmission performance during different fault and perturbation scenarios. The performance of the system was evaluated against three important scenarios: transient faults, sudden load drops, and wind speed changes. The work presented a comparative analysis of Grid-Following (GFL) and Grid-Forming (GFM) control strategies with a focus on their provisions in offering compliance with grid code requirements, particularly, in faults ride-through (FRT) performance. Transient stability and grid compliance has been performed through the study to take results as the GFM controller performance has been better as compared to GFL controller in the study. The GFM controller recovered more rapidly than its GFL counterpart, achieving voltage stability within 0.5 s and frequency stability within 0.6 s when subjected to fault and load disturbances, versus 1.2 s and 1.8 s for the GFL controller’s voltage and frequency, respectively. The difference in voltage and frequency deviation between the GFL and the GFM system was less than ± 4% and less than ± 0.3 Hz respectively, further verifying that the GFM system far outperformed the GFL system, which demonstrated a voltage stability of ±18% and a frequency stability of ± 0.9 Hz under load disturbance. The results demonstrated the GFM controller’s capability to stabilize power systems rapidly and fulfill grid code requirements even in the presence of compounded disturbances. The virtual inertia and dynamic dampness provided by GFM controller make the system resilient against fluctuations in both wind generation and grid faults. The results highlight the value of GFM-based MTHVDC systems as a dependable option for integrating offshore wind energy into the grid, creating a system with superior stability and efficiency in future large-scale renewable energy systems.
Enhancing stability in renewable energy transmission using multi-terminal HVDC systems with grid-forming controls for offshore and onshore wind integration
(Nature Portfolio Journal Scientific Reports, 2025-11-26) Shufian, Abu; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Zaman Anonto, Hasanur; Intekhab Rohan, Ahmed
This paper presents a thorough analysis of two-terminal VSC-HVDC links, and the effects of isolated faults have been extensively studied in multi-terminal HVDC (MTHVDC) networks systems that would enable the interconnection of substantial offshore wind farm energy resources to onshore power systems with emphasis on dynamic transmission performance during different fault and perturbation scenarios. The performance of the system was evaluated against three important scenarios: transient faults, sudden load drops, and wind speed changes. The work presented a comparative analysis of Grid-Following (GFL) and Grid-Forming (GFM) control strategies with a focus on their provisions in offering compliance with grid code requirements, particularly, in faults ride-through (FRT) performance. Transient stability and grid compliance has been performed through the study to take results as the GFM controller performance has been better as compared to GFL controller in the study. The GFM controller recovered more rapidly than its GFL counterpart, achieving voltage stability within 0.5 s and frequency stability within 0.6 s when subjected to fault and load disturbances, versus 1.2 s and 1.8 s for the GFL controller’s voltage and frequency, respectively. The difference in voltage and frequency deviation between the GFL and the GFM system was less than ± 4% and less than ± 0.3 Hz respectively, further verifying that the GFM system far outperformed the GFL system, which demonstrated a voltage stability of ±18% and a frequency stability of ± 0.9 Hz under load disturbance. The results demonstrated the GFM controller’s capability to stabilize power systems rapidly and fulfill grid code requirements even in the presence of compounded disturbances. The virtual inertia and dynamic dampness provided by GFM controller make the system resilient against fluctuations in both wind generation and grid faults. The results highlight the value of GFM-based MTHVDC systems as a dependable option for integrating offshore wind energy into the grid, creating a system with superior stability and efficiency in future large-scale renewable energy systems.
Machine learning based class level prediction of restaurant reviews
(IEEE, 2018-02-12) Hossain, F. M. Takbir; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Nawshin, Samia
Nowadays with the proliferation of location aware technologies and smart phones people tend to give reviews for all types of products services and place them online. It is very important to extract knowledge or information occupies in the vast amount of available text reviews. For these, user's sentiment is also monumental. If any business owners want to take decision on future planning, they must consider their clients sentiment. In this research, we proposed a noble strategy to predict user sentiment from their online reviews given for a particular business by using supervised machine learning techniques. Our proposed machine learning model will give a hand to restaurant owners to identify their customer's feedback and market positions.
Oracle, MySQL, PostgreSQL, SQLite, SQL Server: Performance based
(Daffodil International University, 2019) Hossain, Md. Ismail; Mahmud, Sazal; Santa, Tanusree Das
In today’s modern world we can’t imagine an organization without a database management system. We have seen that the most used technique in the modern world is a relational database management system which is known as RDBMS. RDBMS is far ahead of the other available options. As RDBMS is the most used system, we have decided to work with it. In our country, many organizations are using RDBMS yet they don’t have the proper knowledge about the efficient use of database management system. Meaning which database management is best for their kind of use. Our thesis will help everyone to understand the best use of database management system software as per their applications. It will help them in many ways including time-saving, efficiency, cost and proper management of the database. By going through this thesis paper we will get the proper knowledge about every part which matters in the Database management system.
Prevalence and factors associated with tobacco smoking in Bangladesh
(Emerging Themes in Epidemiology, 2024-09) Saha, Joy; Sara, Sabiha Shirin; Ali, Md. Hashan; Razu, Shaharior Rahman; Kundu, Subarna; Haq, Iqramul; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Habib, Md. Jakaria; Islam, Md. Shahidul; Talukder, Ashis
ObjectiveThis study investigates tobacco use in Bangladesh among adults using 2017 Global Adult Tobacco Survey (GATS) data, with the aim of identifying prevalence and associated factors to inform targeted policy interventions.MethodsUtilizing GATS-Bangladesh 2017 data for individuals aged 15 and above, a comprehensive analysis was conducted employing various statistical techniques. Chi-square tests and binary logistic regression were employed to discern patterns and significant associations.ResultsThe prevalence of tobacco use in Bangladesh stood at 19.5%, revealing substantial variations across demographic and socio-economic factors. Males exhibited a significantly higher prevalence (40.4%) than females (0.6%), underscoring the gender disparities. Regional disparities were evident, with Mymensingh showing the highest prevalence at 26%. Various factors, including age, residence, gender, education, occupation, family size, wealth index, smokeless tobacco use, health conditions, and media exposure, displayed significant associations with tobacco use, emphasizing the multifaceted nature of this public health challenge.ConclusionThe findings underscore the imperative for policy interventions that prioritize educational initiatives, targeted interventions for specific demographics, refined communication strategies, and comprehensive health education programs. Notably, the influential role of media and the prevalence of smokeless tobacco use should be integral considerations in the formulation of effective tobacco control policies. Furthermore, the study advocates for longitudinal research to deepen our understanding of dynamic factors influencing tobacco use over time and to assess the effectiveness of implemented interventions. These recommendations aim to guide Bangladesh towards achieving its ambitious goal of becoming “Tobacco Free”.
PREVALENCE OF ENTERIC PARASITES OF DOGS AND CATS IN DHAKA CITY
(DEPARTMENT OF MICROBIOLOGY AND PARASITOLOGY, 2021) Hossain, Md. Ismail
Enteric parasitic infection in dogs and cats is a major concern for public health as most of them have zoonotic importance. In Dhaka, surveys of enteric parasites in dogs and cats have been reported sporadically over the past 50 years, mostly focusing on stray and shelter dogs and cats. The present work was performed to determine the current prevalence of various parasites through the examination of fecal samples (both sedimentation and floatation methods) collected from pet and stray dogs (48) and cats (139) in Dhaka city. Overall, 35.42% (17/48) of dogs and 33.09% (46/139) of cats were positive for at least one parasite. Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati were the most prevalent parasite present in fecal samples followed by Dipylidium caninum, Diphyllobothrium latum, Taenia sp., Toxascaris leonina, Ancylostoma caninum, Trichuris vulpis, Capillaria hepatica, Isospora sp. and Eimeria sp. In dog, enteric helminth and protozoan prevalence were 31.25% (15/48) and 8.33% (4/28), whereas single and mixed infections were 70.59% and 29.41%, respectively. In cats, prevalence of enteric helminth and protozoan were 30.22% and 7.19%, whereas single and mixed infections were 71.74% and 28.26%, respectively. Except the two protozoan species, most recovered parasites have public health significance. Therefore, proper attention needs to be paid to prevent dog and cat borne zoonosis through controling parasites by regular deworming and proper hygiene. Keywords: Prevalence, Helminth, Protozoa, Dogs, Cats, Dhaka.
Prognosis of Dimensional Stability and Mass per Unit Area of Single Jersey Cotton Knitted Fabric with Fuzzy Inference System [Napoved Dimenzijske Stabilnosti in PloščInske Mase BombažNega Levo-Desnega Pletiva S Sistemom Mehkega Sklepanja]
(Tekstilec, University of Ljubljana, 2019-09-07) Smriti, Shamima Akter; Belal, Shah Alimuzzaman; Haque, Md. Mahbubul; Hossain, Md. Ismail; Farzana, Nawshin; Haque, Abu Naser Md Ahsanul
Endeavour has been made in this research work using experimental data for constructing a fuzzy inference model based on the Mamdani approach to prognosticate the shrinkage and mass per unit area of a single jersey cotton knitted fabric. To control the dimensional stability of the cotton knitted fabric in advance, an artifi cial intelligent system is required in the knitting industry which simulates all product and process variables and is able to give human-like decisions in advance. The most important controlling parameters of knitted fabric properties such as stitch length, yarn count and overfeed percentage in stenter were considered as input variables, and mass per unit area, lengthwise shrinkage and widthwise shrinkage as output variables. Overall, 35 experiments were conducted to construct the model, varying different parameters. The applicability of the model was validated by comparing the results from 15 newly conducted experiments. The coeffi cient of determination of predicted and actual data for mass per unit area, lengthwise shrinkage and widthwise shrinkage were 0.97, 0.99 and 0.99, respectively which validates the model relatively effectively for an industrial application. The proposed model can assist a fabric manufacturer by taking a decision in selecting knitting and fi nishing parameters prior to producing the fabric. Moreover, it can reduce the time and energy required, and waste produced in the process by skipping the sample development step before bulk production.
Quality control in sewing section of a Denim Garments Industry
(Daffodil International University, 2018-04-09) Hossain, Md. Ismail; Anam, Md. Mubassir
This project is on “Study on Quality Control in Sewing Section of a Denim Garments Industry”. Now a day’s buyers don’t show any flexible behavior about the quality of the product. That’s why manufacturers are facing intensive global competition. So the key to competition in the international market place is to improve the quality of the products simultaneously. It is now essential to install right systems and processes so that only quality goods shall be produced. The major purposes of the quality control are to increase the production of quality full product to sustain in the competitive global market. This thesis clearly explains the quality control processes in sewing section. A clear study of quality control has been depicted in sewing section of a denim garments industry. Here ways of quality control parameters in a denim garments industry have been described for sewing section quality. To maintain the sewing qualities here have been described different ways of controlling quality in denim garments floor. This paper also addresses the defects found in denim garments industry with some information about proper way to produce good quality product.
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE OF IFRS # 7: A STUDY ON THE FOREIGN COMMERCIAL BANKS OF BANGLADESH
(R&D Wing, MIST, 2018-12) Hossain, Md. Ismail; Rahman PhD, Dr. Md. Ferdausur
This paper is aimed to scrutinize the existing reporting standard for the Foreign Commercial Banks in Bangladesh and find out the extent of compliance by them. Banking industry’s nature of operation is totally different from others. Recognizing this aspect some specific IFRSs (International Financial Reporting Standards) have been prescribed for them. One of which is IFRS # 7 (Financial Instruments: Disclosures) which was formulated by IASB in 2004 and obliged to comply from on after 1st January, 2007 n the Annual Reporting. Institute of Chartered Accountants of Bangladesh (ICAB) prescribed to comply with IFRS # 7 from on or after 1st January, 2010 in Bangladesh. Hence compliance of IFRS 7 is of immense importance here. Scrutinization has been operated on 9 Foreign Commercial Banks. As per requirement, all the Foreign Commercial Banks are required to comply with the standard to uphold the stakeholders’ interest inspite of possessing the large portion ownership by the Foreigners. And the result of the study shows that all of the Foreign Commercial Banks compliance almost 68.18% of the IFRS # 7 requirements. Finally this study recommend on the degree of compliance for the Foreign Commercial Banks financial reporting.
Rural-Urban Disparities in Nutritional Status Among Ever-Married Women in Bangladesh: A Blinder-Oaxaca Decomposition Approach
(PLOS ONE Publications, 2023-12-14) Hossain, Md. Ismail; Habib, Md. Jakaria; Zinia, Faozia Afia; Rahman, Azizur; Methun, Md Injamul Haq; Haq, Iqramul
This study aims to investigate socioeconomic disparities in nutritional status among ever-married women in Bangladesh and to break down urban-rural differences in the underlying causes of under nutrition. We utilized data from the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey 2017-18, a sample size of 18328 ever-married women, including 5170 from urban residences, and 13159 from rural residences. To explore socioeconomic inequality, we employed a concentration indexing measure, while a multiple binary logistic regression model was carried out to identify the determinants associated with the outcome variable. A Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition analysis was performed to decompose the urban-rural gap in women's nutritional status using associated factors. The prevalence of under nutrition among ever-married women in Bangladesh was 12 percent. Notably, this percentage varied by region, with urban residents accounting for 8.6% and rural residents accounting for 13.3%. Our findings confirmed that under nutrition was more prevalent among women with lower wealth indexes in Bangladesh, as indicated by the concentration index (CIX = -0.26). The multivariable analysis investigating the determinants of under nutrition status among ever-married women, with a focus on residence revealed significant associations with respondent age, education, marital status, mass media access, wealth status, and division. According to the Blinder-Oaxaca decomposition and its extension, the prevalence was significantly higher in rural residences of Bangladesh than in urban residences, and the endowment effect explained 86 percent of the total urban-rural difference in under nutrition prevalence. The results of this study indicate that the factors that influence women's nutritional status in rural areas play a significant role in the gap, and the majority of the gap is caused by education and economic position. In order to effectively promote maternal health policies in Bangladesh, intervention techniques should be created that are aimed at the population, that is, the poorest and least educated.
Sources of short-term financing, their costs, challenges and effectiveness: the perspective of a Bangladeshi construction company - Western Engineering (Pvt.) Ltd.
(BRAC University, 2022-01) Hossain, Md. Ismail; Ahmed, Riyashad
The internship report has described the internship, the internship organization, and undertaken a research on short-term financing of the internship company named Western Engineering (Pvt.) Ltd. in order to know the effectiveness of the company’s short-term financing sources. The report started with its first chapter titled overview of internship where the internee student, the internship, and on-site supervisor’s information; job scopes; student’s contribution; student’s benefit; and problems faced have been described. Then, in the second chapter of the report called organization part, an overview of the company, its management, marketing, accounting, operations management, and information system practices have been presented. Moreover, using Porter’s Five Forces, the industry competitiveness of the organization has been analyzed which found that the level of competition in the company’s industry is moderate. Furthermore, the SWOT analysis has also been undertaken in this part of the report that showed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats of the company. After that, in the third chapter of the report named project part, a research project has been done to find out the effectiveness of short-term financing sources of Western engineering (Pvt.) Ltd. To achieve its main objective, the research first, started with reviewing the literature where it found that no single study exists on the company on the topic of this research and that no single research considers enough the effects or cost resulting from a short-term financing source’s accompanying challenges while evaluating the effectiveness of the source. In the process of filling up this gap, after stating the research objectives, significance, and methodology, the research, in the findings and analysis part, identified 5 internal and 6 external short-term financing sources used by the company. The report found that all the 5 internal sources do not have any interest costs and all the 6 external sources have different interest costs among which accruals has a highest charge of 60% per annum and banker’s acceptance has the least charge of 3.5% per annum. As a result, when the effectiveness of the sources is evaluated from only interest cost perspective then all the internal sources are equally effective and all the external sources are effective to different degrees for the company where the banker’s acceptance is the most effective and the accruals is the least effective external source. After that, the paper found that the company faces various challenges when financing from its different short-term financing sources and the challenges are related to: the use, characteristics, consistency, and loan size capacity of the sources; and financing application processing time taken by the sources etc. The research found that the internal sources become effective to different degrees instead of being equally effective when their accompanying challenges are considered and when the effects or costs resulting from the accompanying challenges of the external sources are added with their normal interest costs then the degrees of effectiveness of the sources change from what they used to be when only interest costs were considered and the bank loan becomes the most effective source replacing the banker’s acceptance and the accruals remains the least effective external source for the company. Additionally, the research also found that not all the items of accruals are cost free rather most of the items of accruals would cost a firm if it pays late and thus, the firm can, to a notable or useful extent, control accruals by paying late until a tolerable or an acceptable or allowable point with late fees.