Browsing by Author "Hossain, Md. Emran"

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Can Clean Energy Adoption and International Trade Contribute to the Achievement of India’s 2070 Carbon Neutrality Agenda? Evidence Using Quantile ARDL Measures
(Taylor & Francis Group, 2022-11-11) Das, Narasingha; Murshed, Muntasir; Rej, Soumen; Bandyopadhyay, Arunava; Hossain, Md. Emran
India is a major developing world economy that has predominantly been highly energy-intensive and fossil fuel dependent. Consequently, this South Asian nation has not been able to safeguard its environment from persistent degradation through the discharge of greenhouse gases. Accordingly, this study tries to reveal the relationships between Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions, renewable energy consumption, international trade, and economic growth in India in order to recommend policies that can help the nation attain carbon neutrality. Both the conventional Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) and the newly developed Quantile ARDL (QARDL) models are used in this study. The ARDL results unveil that 1% increase in renewable energy consumption contributes to 0.8% reduction in CO2 emissions, while economic growth boosts CO2 emissions in the long run. Besides, international trade deteriorates the environment by amplifying emissions only in the short run. The QARDL results reveal that economic growth positively and renewable energy consumption negatively affect CO2 emissions across all quantiles of CO2 emissions. In contrast, international trade is not found to exert any statistically significant effect on CO2 emissions. Lastly, the quantile-based causality analysis somewhat supports the regression findings by verifying causal associations between the variables of concern in India’s context. Thus, in light of these findings, several carbon neutrality-related policy insights are put forward.
Detection of the Changes in Fatty Acid Composition and Physicochemical Properties in Selected Edible Oils Heated at Different Degrees of Time
(Elsevier, 2024-06-01) Khaled, B.M.; Biswas, Mrityunjoy; Alam, Asraful; Alim, Md. Abdul; Hossain, Md. Emran; Saqib, Md. Nazmus; Rana, Md. Suman; Rahma, Sumia
The study investigated the changes in chemical and fatty acid composition in selected edible oils due to continuous heating. Peroxide value of all the oil except rice bran oil went beyond the permissible limit of 10 mEqO2/kg after 90 min of heating. At first degree of heating, the saponification number of all the oils increased. But the values declined after second and third time of heating, indicating a high degree of saturation. Rice bran oil showed the most slower decreasing trend in case of iodine value. Acid value of all the oils increased with time of heating indicating the presence of free fatty acid. Fatty acid composition of all the oils seemed to be affected due to continuous heating when analyzed with GC–MS. Presence of essential fatty acids was affected and fully absent in some oil. Some foreign chemicals like glycidyl fatty acid esters, fumaric acid, succinic acid, cyclohexane, etc. were detected due to the heating of oils. Glycidyl fatty acid esters were discovered in the degradation of each oil. Cyclohexane is produced during the breakdown of palm and soybean oil. Conferring to the results, it is recommended that oils should not be used after the third degree of heating.
Highland communities’ climate change perceptions, climatic shocks and livelihood practices during COVID-19 pandemic
(2024-01-09) Zhang, Xuesong; He, Rundong; Hu, Zhenghua; Md Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza; Akter, Afsana; Al Mamun, Abdullah; Monirul Alam, G. M.; Nazirul Islam Sarker, Md; Chandra Pal, Subodh; Rahman, Md Mostafizur; Hossain, Md. Emran
Highland areas are more susceptible to climate change impacts. This study investigates the highland communities’ climate change perceptions, climatic hazards, and livelihood practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using a multi-stage random sampling technique, survey data were gathered from 425 respondents living in highland areas of Panchagarh district, a drought-prone region in Bangladesh. Perception analysis indicates that most respondents (77%) believe their area's climate has significantly changed over the past 10 years. The bivariate and multivariate regression model results reveal that age, education, income, occupation, land ownership, and socioeconomic status substantially impact local community perceptions of climate change and climatic shocks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Besides, land ownership, socioeconomic level, and crop sowing are also important determinants of erratic rainfall that impacts climate change and shocks during COVID-19. This study suggests the local government get involved and enhance the highland community's ability to adapt to climatic shocks.
Optimization, Simulation And Control Strategy Of Hybrid Renewable Power System For Base Transceiver Station (BTS) In Bangladesh
(IIUC Central Library, 2014-06) Hossain, Md. Emran; Siddiquee, S.M. Shahnewaz
Base Transceiver station (BTS) is a set of telecommunication network that organized as tower with transmitter and receiver antennas. The function of BTS is power amplification so it can connect the telecom operator networking with customers. Power is the main issue for telecom operators to set up cellular network coverage in remote or isolated areas. Power generation by combining both renewable and conventional sources known as hybrid power generation, can be the most efficient way for electrification of Base transceiver station (BTS). The aim of this thesis is to determine the optimized system configuration of PV based renewable hybrid system for remote off-grid BTS sites as well as grid connected BTS sites in Bangladesh. The possibility of supplying electric energy from solar-wind resources to the BTS is also investigated. For this analysis three case study is considered. We analyzed the possibility of using renewable source for both off-grid and grid connected BTS taking Chittagong as reference site. The final optimization of the renewable based hybrid system is carried out through Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable (HOMER) software to find out that whether the system is feasible or not for proper electrification in the BTS.
Patients’ Satisfaction with the Medical Services in Bangladesh: A Case Study on the City Hospital Limited, Dhaka
(2015-02-15) Iqbal, Mohammed Masum; Hossain, Md. Emran
Abstract: Bangladesh is one of the most densely populated countries in the world. The desired and right medical services for people are very important for any healthy nation. Many private hospitals as well as public hospitals are operating in Bangladesh to provide medical services for the people of Bangladesh. We know the survival and success of a private hospital depend on its patients’ satisfaction. The present study attempts to measure patients’ satisfaction with the medical services provided by a leading private hospital in Bangladesh. To measure the satisfaction of patients, SERVQUAL model has been applied in this study. The research involved SERVQUAL instrument to the service quality dimensions and asking 50 respondents as sample of patients to complete the questionnaire. Patient's responses on the basis of service quality dimensions have been obtained. The study depicts that most of the patients are merely satisfied or neutral with the medical services of the hospital in general and patients are more satisfied with tangibility than any other dimensions of service quality. The study has enabled to identify the areas where improvements are needed from the patients’ point of view. We know SERVQUAL model can be applied to measure the gaps between perception and expectation of the services provided, but this study is not including the gap measurement and the study is confined to a leading private hospital situated in Dhaka city only.
PRODUCTION SYSTEMS OF SWINE IN RANGAMATI AND KHAGRACHARI DISTRICTS
(Chattogram Veterinary & Animal |Sciences University, 2009-04) Hossain, Md. Emran
The study was undertaken to investigate the production system of swine in Rangamati and Khagrachari districts for a period of 60 days from 17th December’ 2008 to 16th February’ 2009. Production system of swine i.e. housing, feeding, breeding, diseases prevalence, vaccination program, bio-security, marketing of swine with socio-economic status and constraints of pig rearing were investigated during the study period. It was revealed that mostly poor and landless people reared pigs (54.71%) where most of them were illiterate (43.39%). Rearing systems they followed, were the free range (43.40%), Tin shed housing (24.53%), Fencing (20.75%) and Neck tethering (11.32%). At Rangamati pig farm the average litter size, birth weight, post- weaning weight, and weaning period were 9.46, 1.7kg, 8.86kg, 41.66 days, in family level farming it was 7.57, 1.33 kg, 7.10 kg, 44.36 days respectively. The prevalence of diseases was Hemorrhagic septicemia (13.73%), Pneumonia (17.64%), Coccidiosis (21.57%), NS diarrhea (37.25%) and others (9.8%) in Rangamati pig farm. The economic benefits generated from farming were mainly selling of piglets and the figure was satisfactory
Promotional Strategy of Electronic Media in Bangladesh: A Comparative Study on Three Televisions
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-24) Hossain, Md. Emran
Media industry in Bangladesh is the most important sector in our country. It contributes a lot in our economy in each year. At present Television is one of the most popular electronic media among the natives of this country and important sector for our national economy. This sector is turning into profitable day by day. Now Television is available at everywhere in Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a country with 155 million people; 70 per cent of them live in rural areas, and the rest in cities and towns, including 6 major metropolitan areas (metros). Currently their per capita income is 1,466/- in US$ which is increasing with rapid growth in their purchasing power. Currently, we have a national literacy rate of 75.4%, which was 20 per cent three decades ago. As expected, the urban population (86 per cent) is more literate than the rural people. Current access to electricity is 70%. Growth of access to television media in our country is impressive. In 1995, there were 31% people watched TV of the total number of the population. This has reached 72% in 2016 because of expansion of power supply and awareness of public in the rural area of Bangladesh. According to the media practitioners, Bangladesh media is ranked at 136th out of 178 countries of the world on the reporters without borders press freedom index. The country is now experiencing ‘media boom’ dominantly by the prevalence of electronic media, i.e. the satellite television channels. But, even before 1990s, Bangladesh media was strongly dominated by the print media. The privatization policy of the government has created a congenial environment for expanding the private television channels and FM Radios. In the early 1990s, Cable TV was introduced and it became popular quickly. As such growth of private television channels has tremendously increased over the last 20 years. There are about 29 television channels airing in Bangladesh including terrestrial channels and the broadcast of Channel 16, Diganta TV, Islamic TV, CSB news and Channel 1 has been suspended as per BTRC circular. The main reason behind the increasing of the TV Channels and its viewership is that the economy of our country is expanding rapidly. Therefore, this is the first time South Asia has experienced the phenomenon of a TV media 'boom' in Bangladesh. This unprecedented growth of Television channels brings a dire competition among the channels and try to boost up its image & trust to its viewers to survive in the market. As more competitors join in, the audience becomes larger, but the market is more fragmented. Therefore, In the channel industry each TV tries their level best to beat their opposition in the race of high rise of TRP business. For being strong and to form a brand image each firm form different types of strategic moves, constantly communicate with the audience/viewers and to be innovative as their strategy to sustain or survive in the market. The study has been conducted applying exploratory methods. The major emphasis in exploratory research is on the discovery of ideas and insights. Exploratory research begins with a review of secondary data, such as published or syndicated data, or trade literature that discuss similar case. Exploratory research may then involve interviewing knowledgeable people or conducting focus groups and case study etc. Both Qualitative and Quantitative research approach method is applied in this thesis. Primary data is collected from interview (E-mail and telephone) and survey, while secondary data is gathered from books, journals, and internet source. This thesis builds on multiple case study so that the research usually takes place at a much more detailed level for which the aim often is to produce comparative analysis & optimal knowledge. Out of 29 TV Channels, three Televison namely NTV, Channel-I & ATN Bangla were analyzed. While selecting channels, besides TRP, following aspects were taken into consideration: i. NTV was selected since it is one of the popular satellite channels of second generation. ii. Channels-i was selected for the first digital Bangla channel. iii. ATN Bangla was selected since it was one of the first generation satellite channels of the country. Throughout the research we gain an understanding of socio economic condition of the country as well as overall electronic media history from its inception to the present in Bangladesh. This study also focuses on promotional strategy of electronic media and what its role and objectives and also came to know how the channel employ effective promotional tools and techniques to create strong brand in the customers mind. We found from the survey that the selected TV Channels are the most popular channels in our country. The study reveals that 45% respondents are strongly aware about NTV where 51% respondents are strongly aware about Channel i & and 42% respondents are strongly aware about ATN Bangla. This data represents that Channel-1 is the most recognizable brand among the TV viewers. The findings also reveals that the most of the channels are using promotional mix strategy through blending all the promotional tools including Personal Selling, Advertising, Direct Marketing, Sales Promotion, Internet marketing, Publicity, Sponsorship and events etc but given the most priority on advertising. Researcher found in survey 42 % respondents of NTV think Advertising media is the most powerful media to create strong corporate brand, 46 % respondents of Channel-i thinks where 18% respondents of ATN Bangla thinks so. Hence, advertisements are also significant for TV Channels to promote their programs in the competitive business environment. They also focus on digital media especially social media is a great concern to them. The finding shows that most of the channels intend to apply more strong promotional campaigns through digital media and social networks. In study reveals that NTV usage social media 63%, Channel-I use 65% & ATN Bangla use 60% which means that Social Media can be the most efficient and effective e- source of creating brand awareness for TV Channels. However the study highlights that Public Relations/Publicity is one of the cost effective brand building tools. The respective TV Channels frequently got a wide range of exposure and obtained desired response from the viewers using all kinds of PR activities such as press releases, media interviews/campaigns, press conferences, features articles, interviews, newsletters, photographs, films and tapes, sponsorship, event marketing. This frequent exposure certainly affects to the viewers with a credible way as we see publicity /PR is more effective than any other promotional tools in terms of cost effective, innovative & trustworthy. Because publicity is always highly credible for its news value. In the study we also found that Channel-I comparatively spent more promotional expenditure than other channels. Especially they emphasize on digital media or web media marketing whereas NTV emphasize on Event/Sponsorship and ATN Bangla spent comparatively lower than others. The research has also attempted to point out the marketing problems especially in the use of new communication tools & techniques and at the same time researchers have suggested that the electronic media should utilize different promotional tools such as advertisement, sales promotion, direct marketing, personal selling, publicity, digital / internet marketing in a way that address the spectrum of different programs properly and coordinate between the media and its reference people with a view to creating strong brand awareness and make long term relationship with viewers.
Reinvigorating the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis in the Context of Highly Polluted Nations: Evidence Using Advanced Panel Estimation Techniques
(Springer Nature, 2023-09-08) Rahman, A. K. M. Atiqur; Galiano, Jesus Cantero; Murshed, Muntasir; Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel; Mahmood, Haider; Hossain, Md. Emran
China, United States, India, Russia, and Japan are regarded as the top five carbon dioxide-emitting nations in the world. These countries altogether account for more than half of the global annual discharges of carbon dioxide. Consequently, impeding the carbon emission-led environmental adversities in these countries is of critical emphasis for establishing environmental sustainability worldwide. In this regard, this study checks how economic progress, energy use intensification, and renewable energy use affect the annual growth rates of per capita carbon dioxide emission in these highly-polluted economies considering the study period from 1990 to 2021. Besides, for analytical purposes, advanced panel data estimation techniques have been utilized for detecting and neutralizing the impacts of cross-sectional dependency and slope heterogeneity-related problems in the data. Overall, the findings endorse that economic progress deteriorates environmental quality both in the short and long run. However, since the long-run unfavorable environmental impacts of economic growth are relatively lower compared with the short-run impacts, the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis can be deemed valid. Besides, more intensive use of energy resources is witnessed to impose negative long-run environmental consequences while the adoption of renewable energy instead of fossil fuels is found to improve environmental well-being, both in the short and long run. Furthermore, the results affirm that economic progress and energy use intensification jointly degrade environmental conditions. By contrast, economic progress alongside greater adoption of renewable energy is observed to inflict an environmental quality-improving effect. Considering these findings, a couple of carbon dioxide mitigating policies are suggested to the concerned highly polluted developed and developing nations.
Soil Condition Monitoring for organic tea plantation by using machine learning
(Daffodil International University, 2024-07-24) Hossain, Md. Emran; Dristy, Dil Afrose
In tea farming, it is important to monitor soil conditions so as to maintain good health of the soil and a high-quality tea. In this research, machine learning techniques are employed to optimize soils management practices in these plantations. For instance, various parameters including pH, potassium, calcium and magnesium contents were tested on loamy soils obtained from different areas. Data has been pre-processed and used for training different machine models like Random Forest, Gaussian Naïve Bayes, Decision Tree, Support Vector Classifier (SVC), Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), among others. Among the above-mentioned ones with a highest accuracy rate of 99.18% Random Forest was able to predict accurately the soil condition having effect on management of the same. This finding will be important to farmers and agricultural scientists who would like to enhance organic farming with the help of data analysis. In this study, these models had a very high predictive capability when it came to soil status. It indicated that Random Forest was the most accurate with 99.18% accuracy implying that it is good at analyzing soil data and providing reliable predictions for the same. These were closely followed by Gaussian Naive Bayes, Decision Tree, SVC and MLP which were other models that also performed well with accuracies of 98.36%, 98.63%, 98.77% and 97.95% respectively.
The use of smartphone in accessing information: A case of Dhaka university students
(University of Dhaka, 2015-04-16) Hossain, Md. Emran
This Study aims to present an overview of the use of smartphone in accessing information by the students of Dhaka University. It helps to locate the possible advantages and relative drawbacks regarding the use of smartphone in accessing information from internet. The survey method with a structured questionnaire has been employed to conduct the research. The data was collected from different faculty & institute for the balance of the study and findings. The data was collected from both graduate and undergraduate. All the questionnaires were duly coded after editing for computer input. Questionnaire was analyzed using statistical software SPSS program version 11.5, and MS word, MS Excel. Mann- Whitney (M-W) and Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) tests were conducted to further analyze the influence of students’ demographic and individual characteristics on their opinions on possible academic uses of smartphone. The result of the study shows that the status of smartphone usage by the students of Dhaka University is satisfactory. The findings of the study indicate that the students of Dhaka University provide their consensus regarding the use of smartphone in accessing information from internet. This research provides evidence on the actual use of smartphone by the students of Dhaka University for accessing information and their attitude towards implementing an online or internet based study system for Dhaka University.