Browsing by Author "Hasan, Mahadi"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 52

A binary hyper redundant elephant trunk like robot controlled by microcontroller and plc-wincc
(Department of Mechanical Engineering, BUET, 2011-12-18) Hasan, Mahadi; Bunchan, Rewat; I. E. L, Bohez; Islam, Md. Ashraful; Wakil, Abdul
The word hyper-redundant refers to the robot manipulators that have a large or infinite degrees of kinematic redundancy. These robots resemble in shape and operation to snakes, elephant trunks, or tentacles and thus termed bio-inspired. Binary actuation, here in this study pneumatic cylinder, was the mechanical analogy to digital electronics, where actuators flip between two discrete states on and off. For applications where high repeatability, low cost, no necessity for feedback control and reasonable accuracy are required, hyper-redundant binary manipulators based on parallel platform are potential candidates. Here, in this study two different algorithms have been applied to control the robot, a 5-module binary robot built with the aim of demonstrating the potentials of hyper-redundant binary manipulator based on parallel mechanism. The Microcontroller, based on Genetic Algorithm (GA for solving inverse kinematics problem of the binary mechanism) along with a connecting board to the solenoid valves, was found to be a successful controller of the Elephant Trunk like Robot with some ineluctable drawbacks analyzed in detail. Afterword PLC controller was implemented where WINCC acted as the Human Machine Interface (HMI) and considered as a primary solver of the limitations appeared by the Microcontroller with remaining few constraints itself too. A 3-D model of the robot has been drawn in Solid Work and analyzed the motion of the robot with the help of COSMOS Motion Analysis in Solid Work 2010. The program for controlling 30 solenoid valves of 5 module robot (each module 6 cylinders) with 30 inputs and 30 outputs was written in PLC. Visual graphics for both manual and automatic mode control were drawn in WINCC. And finally a substantial comparison between two controllers was made
A Harmful Disorder: Predictive and Comparative Analysis for fetal Anemia Disease by Using Different Machine Learning Approaches
(IEEE, 2023) Hasan, Mahadi; Tahosin, Mst. Sazia; Farjana, Afia; Sheakh, Md. Alif; Hasan, Md Maruf
Anemia is a major issue for public health with significant implications for national development, it remains a largely neglected health problem in many developing countries. Iron deficiency is responsible for at least 50% of all cases of anemia and kills nearly 1 million people each year. Africa and Southeast Asia account for three quarters of these deaths. Surprisingly, one of the top ten risk factors that contributes to the global burden of disease is iron deficiency anemia (IDA). This study investigated the use of machine learning models to predict anemia. The study compared the performance of five different machine learning models: K-Nearest Neighbors, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines, Gaussian Naive Bayes, and Light Gradient Boosting Machines. These models are combined using a voting classifier method to improve prediction accuracy. The study highlights the importance of accurately predicting diseases in the medical field. The ability to predict anemia at the right time is essential for effective prevention and treatment. This study demonstrates the potential of machine learning models to predict anemia and improve disease prevention and treatment. Using advanced algorithms and data processing techniques can help doctors make accurate predictions and make decisions, leading to better patient outcomes. This research result shows that the voting classifier achieved 99.95% accuracy.
A review of modern advancement in micro drilling techniques
(Elsevier, 2017-08-01) Hasan, Mahadi; Zhao, Jingwei; Huang, Zhenyi; Jiang, Zhengyi
The demand for micro drilling with a diameter in a range of a few microns to several hundred microns is increasing in industries such as electronics, aerospace, medicine and automobiles, due to a significant uptake in the use of miniaturised products and devices. In order to satisfy the demand, a number of different micro drilling techniques have been developed. There has been, however, no report which explains, compares and contrasts all of these micro drilling techniques. This study examines the lasts micro drilling methods and techniques, categorises them into different groups, highlights recent developments and new trends, and depicts the future requirements in the field of micro drilling. Both conventional and non-conventional micro drilling techniques used in modern age applications are categorized. Conventional micro drilling makes use of drill bits of different configurations such as twist, spade, D-shaped, single flute, compound drill and coated micro drill, while non-conventional micro drilling involves electrical, chemical, mechanical and thermal means which include laser, EDM, ECM, SACE, electron beam, ultrasonic vibration or combinations of these approaches. We present here, a comparative study of conventional and non-conventional micro drilling techniques in order to show the potential and versatility of various micro drilling methods
A study on the microstructural evolution of copper/aluminum composite strips fabricated by micro flexible rolling
(Elsevier, 2023-09-09) Hasan, Mahadi
Copper/aluminum (Cu/Al) composites with multifunctional applications have been extensively applied in a variety of fields. Nevertheless, the formability of Cu/Al composite strips during micro flexible rolling (MFR) has not been fully investigated in the sub-millimetre range. In the present work, the microstructure, mechanical properties and formability of Cu/Al composite strips during MFR were studied. The microstructure of the annealed and rolled specimens were characterized using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD), and the thickness of Cu/Al composite strips with varying thickness (CSVT) was measured by laser scanning microscope. The results show that Cu/Al composite strips annealed at 400 ◦C exhibit the best ductility, and the CSVT with the best forming quality is obtained when the Cu layer is contact with the upper work roll. In addition, the microstructural evolution in the downward transition zone, thinner zone, upward transition zone and thicker zone with different reduction was discussed. When the plastic strain continues to increase from thicker zone to thinner zone, the intermetallic compounds (IMCs) layer generated during annealing breaks up, and subdivision and further refinement of Al grains occurs during MFR
Analysis and characterisation of WC-10Co and AISI 4340 steel bimetal composite produced by powder-solid diffusion bonding
(Springer Nature, 2019-05-01) Hasan, Mahadi; Zhao, Jingwei; Huang, Zhenyi; Wei, Dongbin; Jiang, Zhengyi
Cermet and steel material bonding is a challenging task, due to their large difference of physical properties, e.g. coefficient of thermal expansion. In this study, a hot compaction diffusion bonding method was employed to fabricate a small-dimensional bimetallic composite of WC-10Co and high strength AISI 4340 steel, where the cermet was used in powder form and the steel as solid. The bimetal composite was characterised by microstructural analysis and mechanical properties evaluation. The interface microstructure reveals a successful metallurgical bonding between the cermet and steel materials. The influence of sintering temperature (1050–1250 °C) was examined at intervals of 50 °C. This study shows that the properties of sintered powder and the bonding quality with the steel improve with an increase in sintering temperature. A bonding beneficiary reaction layer was observed to grow at the joining interface by mutual diffusion of the alloying elements, which increases with the increasing temperature. The maximum width of the reaction layer observed was 4.13 μm and consists mainly of intermetallic ternary carbides. The bonding shear strength of the interface is found to be slightly higher than claimed in previous studies. The developed bimetal composite could be used in applications where a combination of high strength and hardness is required
Analysis of jute-glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composite
(Elsevier, 2024-12-30) Hasan, Mahadi
This study investigated a composite material combining epoxy with hybrid jute (J) and glass (G) fibers. A straightforward and effective fabrication method was employed, utilizing five layers with various reinforcement materials. To identify the optimal combination, a comprehensive series of tests were conducted using a range of characterization instruments, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Universal Testing Machine (UTM), pendulum impact tester, density measurement, specific gravity evaluation, water absorption, and swelling thickness tests. The composite's physical, mechanical, microstructural, and fracture properties were thoroughly analyzed. The findings revealed that Type C exhibited the highest impact strength of 378 kJ/m2, a Young's modulus of 10.567 GPa, and a flexural modulus of 13.872 GPa. Conversely, Type F demonstrated superior performance in terms of minimal water absorption (5.676 %) and swelling thickness (3.1 %). These results suggest that incorporating glass fibers in the outer layers and using woven jute fibers significantly enhanced mechanical properties while reducing water absorption and swelling. However, the inclusion of short jute fibers led to a decrease in mechanical performance. Microstructural analysis supported these findings, indicating a semi-brittle behavior with increased strength at the outer layers containing glass fibers. The fibers displayed greater strength than the matrix, resulting in matrix phase cracking before the fibers themselves. Overall, the fabricated composites show promising potential for various applications, offering a viable alternative to wood, plastic, or metal materials due to their lightweight nature and improved durability.
Analysis of jute-glass fiber reinforced epoxy hybrid composite
(Elsevier, 2024-12-30) Hasan, Mahadi
This study investigated a composite material combining epoxy with hybrid jute (J) and glass (G) fibers. A straightforward and effective fabrication method was employed, utilizing five layers with various reinforcement materials. To identify the optimal combination, a comprehensive series of tests were conducted using a range of characterization instruments, including Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Universal Testing Machine (UTM), pendulum impact tester, density measurement, specific gravity evaluation, water absorption, and swelling thickness tests. The composite's physical, mechanical, microstructural, and fracture properties were thoroughly analyzed. The findings revealed that Type C exhibited the highest impact strength of 378 kJ/m2, a Young's modulus of 10.567 GPa, and a flexural modulus of 13.872 GPa. Conversely, Type F demonstrated superior performance in terms of minimal water absorption (5.676 %) and swelling thickness (3.1 %). These results suggest that incorporating glass fibers in the outer layers and using woven jute fibers significantly enhanced mechanical properties while reducing water absorption and swelling. However, the inclusion of short jute fibers led to a decrease in mechanical performance. Microstructural analysis supported these findings, indicating a semi-brittle behavior with increased strength at the outer layers containing glass fibers. The fibers displayed greater strength than the matrix, resulting in matrix phase cracking before the fibers themselves. Overall, the fabricated composites show promising potential for various applications, offering a viable alternative to wood, plastic, or metal materials due to their lightweight nature and improved durability.
Analysis of sintering and bonding of ultrafine WC powder and stainless steel by hot compaction diffusion bonding
(Elsevier, 2018-08-01) Hasan, Mahadi
Bonding between tungsten carbide and steel is a challenging task due to their large difference of physical properties. Previous reports were based on solid state bonding. In this study, a powder-solid mechanism was employed for analysing the sintering and bonding process of ultrafine WC (with 8% Co added as binder) powder and solid stainless steel (SS 304). A novel manufacturing mechanism of hot compaction diffusion bonding (HCDB) was implemented to facilitate the bonding process. The influence of temperature varying from 1160 to 1220 °C was investigated with an interval of 20 °C. The experiment is conducted in a vacuum environment at constant pressure of 160 MPa. Under simultaneous effects of temperature and pressure, WC powder was solidified and a diffusion bonding was realised with SS 304. The bonding interface is characterised by three distinctive features, namely properly bonded area, crack appearance and formation of diffusion layer. Generation of micro cracks are examined in the form of single long micro crack, cluster of micro cracks and crack in WC region. An average hardness of 1971 HV was found at 1220 °C, and the maximum mechanical bonding shear strength achieved was 172 MPa. The microstructure morphology, composition distribution, bonding characteristics and crack formation, diffusion mechanism and mechanical properties of the composite bimetal were examined. The fabricated composite bimetal has the potentials in the applications where high hardness and high strength are required simultaneously.
Analysis of sintering and bonding of ultrafine WC powder and stainless steel by hot compaction diffusion bonding
(Elsevier, 2018-08-01) Hasan, Mahadi
Bonding between tungsten carbide and steel is a challenging task due to their large difference of physical properties. Previous reports were based on solid state bonding. In this study, a powder-solid mechanism was employed for analysing the sintering and bonding process of ultrafine WC (with 8% Co added as binder) powder and solid stainless steel (SS 304). A novel manufacturing mechanism of hot compaction diffusion bonding (HCDB) was implemented to facilitate the bonding process. The influence of temperature varying from 1160 to 1220 °C was investigated with an interval of 20 °C. The experiment is conducted in a vacuum environment at constant pressure of 160 MPa. Under simultaneous effects of temperature and pressure, WC powder was solidified and a diffusion bonding was realised with SS 304. The bonding interface is characterised by three distinctive features, namely properly bonded area, crack appearance and formation of diffusion layer. Generation of micro cracks are examined in the form of single long micro crack, cluster of micro cracks and crack in WC region. An average hardness of 1971 HV was found at 1220 °C, and the maximum mechanical bonding shear strength achieved was 172 MPa. The microstructure morphology, composition distribution, bonding characteristics and crack formation, diffusion mechanism and mechanical properties of the composite bimetal were examined. The fabricated composite bimetal has the potentials in the applications where high hardness and high strength are required simultaneously.
Anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) to AAO bonding and their application for fabrication of 3D microchannel
(American Scientific Publishers, 2012-05-05) Hasan, Mahadi; Kasi, Ajab Khan; Kasi, Jafar Khan; Afzulpurkar, Nitin
In this paper we introduced anodic aluminum oxide (AAO)—AAO bonding and its applications for fabrication of 3D microstructures. For observing AAO-AAO bonding, aluminum (Al) sheet was anodized from both sides. This anodization was continued until AAO from both sides meet with each other. Here AAO from both sides bonded at their barrier layers which is termed as AAO-AAO bonding. AAO-AAO bonding was utilized for fabrication of nanoporous microchannels. An easy method has been adopted which does not require any lithography or multiple layers deposition techniques. In this method Al sample was punched in a way to give a continuous curved shape from both sides, followed by anodization and etching of Al. The fabricated microchannel thickness was 75 m with 37 m thick membrane walls. Average diameter of nanopores in the walls was 50 nm. This low cost fabrication process is expected to have potentials in sensors, molecular separation and biomedical related applications.
Balancing of an Inverted Pendulum using PD Controller
(Dhaka University, 2012-04-15) Hasan, Mahadi; Saha, Chanchal; Rahman, Md. Mostafizur; Sarker, Md. Rabiual Islam
Balancing of an inverted pendulum robot by moving a cart along a horizontal track is a classical problem in the field of Control Theory and Engineering, for the beginners to understand its dynamics. Several physical models can also be simplified as elastic inverted pendulums like rockets and walking robots. Many researchers have been applying different control algorithm and design techniques such as PID Controller, State Space, Neural Network, Genetic Algorithm (GA) even Particle Swam Optimization (PSO), in both digital and analog domain using various sensors. However, this can also be done by using a single potentiometer as a sensor and Proportional Derivative Controller (PD) controller as the design algorithm. The comparison or difference between the reference and the potentiometer generates control signal to drive the system. In this case, it consists of a thin vertical rod attached at the bottom, referred to as pivot point mounted on a mobile toy car. The car, depending upon the direction of the deflection of the pendulum moves horizontally in order to bring the pendulum to absolute rest. The main idea behind this control process is the use of PD (Proportional and Derivative) controller to generate signal to control the speed and direction of the motor. The only sensor used in this project was a potentiometer (pot) which was attached with the pendulum rod. The variation in its resistance causes change in voltage and afterward, it was compared with the reference voltage to generate the appropriate control signal. PROTEUS software was used for circuit simulation, frequency responses of the system were analyzed in MATLAB with different values of KP and KD. Finally, to represent the system stability, root locus diagram was drawn using MATLAB.
Bending and branching of anodic aluminum oxide nanochannels and their applications
(AIP Publishing, 2012-05-07) Hasan, Mahadi
During fabrication of anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes, it is observed that sometimes their nanochannels experience bending and branching. In this research the bending and branching behavior of AAO nanochannels was studied. AAO nanochannels were fabricated in 99.56% pure aluminum (Al) in which Si and Fe impurities blocked the propagation of some nanochannels. It was observed that the neighboring channels bend and make branches for anodizing the Al beneath impurities. The authors developed a model that explains the bending and branching of AAO nanochannels. Our experiments show that AAO nanochannel can bend and divide into branches if it experiences nonanodized Al on one side of the nanochannel. Bending and branching effects were also observed when AAO was fabricated using Al with nonplanar surfaces. The authors found that the bending and branching behavior of AAO nanochannels minimizes impurity defects in the AAO membrane. Based on experimental results, a model has been developed for making 3D structure using AAO nanochannels.
BSSID Based Monitoring Class Attendance System Using Wifi
(Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on I-SMAC IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud, IEEE, 2019-12-14) Hasan, Mahadi; Saha, Dipto; Ferdosh, Jannatul; Nur, Fernaz Narin; Moon, Nazmun Nessa; Saifuzzaman, Mohd.
Recent advancements in wireless technologies have evolved the growth of smart systems in day to day life. Nowadays, people are using WiFi connectivity for accessing the Internet or local hub inside home or office. A smart phone based checking system for monitoring class attendance through WiFi signal is developed in this work. Student, Teacher & Admin need to be installing the application. Most challenging part in this system is to make software design and send notification in smartphone. When Admin set specific time and students Smartphone connected with specific WiFi that time then they get notification for class attendance.
Cardiovascular Disease Prediction Using Machine Learning Approaches
(IEEE, 2023-07-22) Islam, Taminul; Vuyia, Adifa; Hasan, Mahadi; Rana, Md Masum
As of the release of COVID-19, cardiovascular disease has surpassed all other causes of mortality among both sexes. In most cases, this condition is associated with atherosclerosis and the formation of blood clots. Heart disease, stroke, and other CVDs are major causes of mortality worldwide. Because even a small inaccuracy might lead to exhaustion or death, increased precision, perfection, and accuracy are required for diagnosing and predicting heart-related disorders. In this paper, data was collected from 1189 patients with some attributes related to heart disease and kept 80% data for training, and 20% data for testing and determining their accuracy using different models. In this study, enhanced preprocessing steps were used to increase the accuracy of cardiovascular disease prediction. It aids in determining whether a patient has heart disease and helps a doctor to determine whether or not a patient has cardiovascular disease. The applied models are Extreme Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, CART, Extra Tree Classifier, and Gradient Boosting Machine. This work compared the performance of several Machine Learning algorithms that make use of the accuracy of the metrics, $F_1$ -score, recall, and precision to demonstrate the validity of our findings. The Extreme Gradient Boosting model has achieved the best 91.9% accuracy in this research.
Comparative Study on Automatic Fabric Cutting Machine and Straight Knife Cutting Machine
(North American Academic Research, 2022-06-05) Hasan, Mahadi
Development of any manufacturing industry highly depends on the employment of the latest technology and well trained manpower. Likewise, automation plays a significant role in every sector of modern industry including Textile. Textile industry is one of the fastest growing manufacturing industries of the new era all around the world where technological development of automated machineries can be seen in almost every section to maintain the better quality product. Higher production with greater efficiency, lower labor cost and minimized wastage percentage with better quality products in each section of pro- duction can lead one to the front line of the competitive market. Cutting section of this sector is a very important section where precise cutting with higher accuracy must be maintained to meet the lead time and on time shipment. In Bangladesh, most of the factories use semi-automatic machine to accomplish the cutting process. But with the increasing demand of automated technology, the automatic fabric cutting machine is also being used gradually in some factories because of the higher efficiency and reduced production time. In this paper, the cutting process for same fabric has been studied by using both semi-automatic and full-automatic machine to evaluate the various cutting parameters. This study helps to determine the effectiveness and usefulness of both machines from various perspective of production. The significance and viability of using automatic cutting machines have been reported to cope up with the evaluation of Industry 4.0.
Cost-Effective CNC Router for Precision Manufacturing in Bangladesh
(IEOM, 2024-12-21) Hasan, Mahadi
This study presents a comprehensive study on the development and construction of a low-cost CNC router tailored to the context of Bangladesh. It addresses the need for affordable precision manufacturing technologies in the region, particularly for small-scale businesses and educational institutions. The study highlights the design, optimization, and implementation of a CNC router machine, considering the specific requirements and constraints of the local industry. Initially, a CAD model of the CNC routing machine was developed to visually represent the project and set it as the target. By the end of the project, a small-scale wooden prototype was successfully created, capable of cutting various materials ranging from wood to steel to acrylic, while remaining easily portable. The instruments and electronics used in this project were all industrial grade, including a Daedalus 3018 CNC Router Spindle and a 5-axis Mach3 controller board, allowing the project to scale up and meet larger industrial needs while maintaining a low budget for easier accessibility. This project aims to enhance access to advanced manufacturing technologies, foster innovation, and contribute to the socio-economic development of Bangladesh. The findings and insights presented in this thesis offer valuable guidance for future endeavors in the field of affordable CNC router development in similar contexts.
Customers’ Satisfaction on Loan Performance of Grameen Bank
(Daffodil International University, 2020-02-11) Hasan, Mahadi
Grameen Bank (GB) has reversed standard banking observe by removing the requirement for collateral and created a banking industry supported mutual trust, accountability, participation and power. GB provides credit to the poorest of the poor in rural East Pakistan, with none collateral. At GB, credit could be a value effective weapon to fight impoverishment and it is a catalyst within the overall development of socio-economic conditions of the poor WHO are unbroken outside the banking orbit on the bottom that they're poor and therefore not bankable. Professor Muhammad Yunus, the founder of “Grameen Bank” reasoned that if monetary resources are often created offered to the poor people on terms and conditions that square measure applicable and affordable, “these many small people with their many small pursuits will add up to make the largest development surprise.” The elements of the bank spread a wide scope of wide scope of banking and practical exercises of people, firms, corporate bodies and other worldwide organizations. Here the report has been readied dependent on 12weeks of functional experience on Training and Development Program of GB and it spreads insight regarding Training and Development Program performed by the bank.
Deformation Behaviour and Mechanical Response of Closed-cell Cellular Materials under Projectile Impact Using Various Shapes Impactors
(Centre of Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 2022-10-06) Islam, Md. Ashraful; MA, Hasib; Hasan, Mahadi; S, Talapatra
Closed-cell cellular materials gained tremendous interest in their application in aerospace, shipbuilding and defence industries due to their exceptional impact energy absorption and lightweight characteristics. To assess the suitability of these materials in practical utilisation, a proper characterisation in dynamic loading is necessary. This paper investigates closed-cell aluminium foam's deformation behaviour due to low-velocity projectile impact in experimentation and finite element analysis. The collapse mechanism was numerically and empirically examined. The experiment and the finite element analysis were found to be in good agreement. The lowvelocity projectile impact tests were conducted using an instrumented drop-tower with several projectile tips with an impact energy of 105 J. Finite Element modelling using ABAQUS explicit was undertaken. The results reveal that FE modelling of true foam properties using solid geometry has a good correlation with experimental results. In this study, four impactors/indenters (flat-faced, hemispheric, conical, and truncated-conical) were used. A detailed structural collapse during the low-velocity dynamic impact has been explored with XCT data and finite element tools.
"Effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure and tensile properties of copper/aluminum composite thin strip"
(Science Direct, 2023-02-01) WANG, Chen; MA, Li-nan; Ma, Xiaoguang; Hasan, Mahadi; Zhao, Jingwei
The effect of annealing temperature on the microstructure and tensile properties of copper/aluminum (Cu/Al) composite thin strips was studied to improve the mechanical properties of materials. The change of interface layer, the diffusion of interface elements, and the microstructural evolution of each matrix of Cu and Al were observed and analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and electron back-scatter diffraction (EBSD) techniques. The tensile properties of the Cu/Al composite thin strip were studied by static uniaxial tensile tests. The results show that recrystallization occurs in the Cu/Al matrix during annealing process, and the grains of the Al matrix grow into coarse grains after annealing at 400 °C. The thickness of diffusion layer increases with the increase of annealing temperature, and the thickness of the diffusion layer reaches 12 μm after annealing at 500 °C. The original typical rolling texture is transformed into the typical annealing texture components {001}〈100〉 and {001}〈110〉 after annealing treatment. In general, the annealing treatment reduces the tensile strength and improves the overall plasticity of the material, and the diffusion layer plays a significant role in transmitting tensile stress.
Effects of holding time on the sintering of cemented tungsten carbide powder and bonding with high strength steel wire
(Springer Link, 2019-07-15) Hasan, Mahadi; Zhao, Jingwei; Huang, Zhenyi; Wu, Hui; Jia, Fanghui; Jiang, Zhengyi
Cemented tungsten carbide (WC-10Co) and high-strength (AISI 4340) steel were successfully bonded by hot compaction diffusion bonding at a low temperature. The effects of holding time (5-50 min) on microstructure and mechanical properties of the sintered carbides and bonding strengths of the dissimilar bilayered composite materials were examined. The results show that the mechanical properties of the carbides increase, but the bonding strength increases firstly and then decreases with the increase in holding time. The maximum density and hardness achieved are 95.92 and 99.5%, respectively. A transitional layer forms at the interface as a result of elemental interdiffusion. The depth of the layer increases with the increase in holding time. The optimal bonding time is determined to be 40 min at a temperature of 1200C and a pressure 160 MPa, by which the maximum bonding strength of 204 MPa of the WC-10Co/4340 steel joints can be achieved.