Browsing by Author "Haque, Md. Fazlul"

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Morpho-Histology of Gut and Microbiological Study on Gut Content of Earthworms of Rajshahi University Campus
(University of Rajshahi, 2009) Haque, Md. Fazlul; Saha, Ananda Kumar
Earthworm plays an important role on economy and society of Bangladesh which is based on agriculture. A fertile and productive soil is the fundamental resource for sustainable Agriculture. Earthworm can play a variety of important roles in fertility and productivity of soil by providing shelter to the beneficial microbes in their gut and by activating soil microbial activity through the excretion and casting. Many microorganisms in the soil remain in the dormant stage, awaiting suitable habitat for the vigorous multiplication. Earthworm gut is suitable habitat for many microorganisms, but not for all. Many microorganisms may be digested in gut. Therefore, present investigation was done to find out the morpho-histological and microbiological variation in gut of different earthworm species. Then, investigation was done to ascertain the correlation between morpho-histological variation and microbial variation of gut of different earthworm species. Rajshahi University campus was the study area of the present research work. Three types of habituates i.e., shady land, crop land and drainage of residential hall were selected for study from September, 2004 to August, 2005. The fortnightly sampling dates were fixed on 14th day for first sampling and 28th day for 2nd sampling each month. Quadrate sampling and Hand sorting methods were used to collect earthworm. Collected earthworms were identified with an identification key. Data on weather were collected from Regional Weather Office of Rajshahi. For morphological study, earthworms were dissected and cleaned to separate the gut. Permanent slides of gizzard, stomach and intestine of the gut were prepared and then observed by advanced biological microscope for histological study. Bacterial load of gut of earthworm was studied by serial dilution method and spread plate technique on nutrient agar plate. Finally, pure culture of bacteria isolated from the different parts of gut of earthworms were tested for Gram character, morphology, motility, catalase and oxidase reactions, citrate utilization and coagulase test. The isolates were then identified with Bergey's manual of systematic bacteriology. Six species of earthworm i.e., Metaphire posthuma, Eutyphoeus orientalist, Eutyphoeus Nicholson, Eutyphoeus incommodious, Lampito Mauritia and Drawida lime/la were identified from three studied habitats. Earthworm diversity was present in the studied habitats. The number of earthworms also varied with month. In most cases, higher number of earthworms was recorded on July, August and September. On the other hand, lower number of earthworms was recorded from November to April. Morphological study of gut of earthworm revealed that number, length and position of different parts of gut of all studied earthworm species were not same. Result of histological study showed that same layers of muscle and cuticle were presence in gut of all studied species of earthworm, but some species ways variation were found in the width of the different layers of the gut. Result of bacterial load study showed that bacterial load of gut varies with part of the gut, species of earthworm and season or month of the year. But species ways variation of bacterial load was not statistically significant. Analysis of correlation indicates that bacterial load of one part gut is correlated with that of other parts of gut and also with the components of weather. The highest bacterial load of gizzard was recorded in D. lime/la on September while the lowest load was recorded in E. Nicholson on January. Bacterial load of stomach of E. oriental it was higher than that of the other species from January to May, but that of E. Nicholson was higher than that of the other species from June to December. Bacterial load of stomach of D. lime/la was lower than that of the other species from December to July. But miscellaneous result was found on lower bacterial load from August to November. The highest bacterial load of intestine was recorded in E. Nicholson on September while the lowest load was recorded in E. incommodious on December. Five genera of bacteria were identified from six species of earthworm. These were Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Klebsiella, Streptococcus and Acinetobacter. No remarkable variation of bacterial fauna was found in studied species of earthworm. In other ward, these five types of bacteria were found in all studied species of earthworm. It can be concluded that there is morpho-histological variation in gut of different earthworm species. But morphological variation was more prominent than the histological variation of gut of earthworm. One other hand, insignificant species ways variation of bacterial load and uniform types of gut bacteria reveal that there is no species-specific bacterial profile for gut of different earthworm. Therefore, form the data of this study it is not possible to establish a method for identification of an earthworm species depending on their bacterial profile of gut.
Observation of Garments Waste Management System
(Daffodil International University, 22-09-21) Haque, Md. Fazlul; Islam, Md. Ariful; Halder, Soumitro; Hasan, Md. Abu
The necessity of garment waste reducing, recycling and disposal management is motivated by the increasing cost and decreasing availability of dumping area and the diminish of natural resources. The raw materials in various combinations undergo different processes during production and are converted to finished goods. The residue left out after each process during production remains waste. The aim of this study was to identify the garments industry to shift to better waste management practices of the selected garments and to possible solution to recover the present condition. During the observation of a few surrounding Garments of Ashulia, Savar and EPZ we tried to look after the processing of their waste management system. Most of the waste is generated from the factory was clothing waste, which is 1.5 tons approx. every day. Recyclable waste is generated around 90kg every day. Caution they follow to protect the workers from generated waste were proper dress and fire safety. Worker is affected by the generated waste were said yes 0% and no 30% and future plans for improving your factory waste and management were discussing with the higher authorities to reduce this waste. We reached to garments employee, local people and farmers to know how they are dealing with this waste. From the analysis, we find that, directly affected by the waste is 30%, not affected 65% and neutral 5%. Last six months average 8/9 people has been affected by this waste, 41% people said that they are affected, 57% said no one affected and neutral 2%. The management system of garments factory is right were said 52%, not right said 40% and neutral 8%. Waste affecting agricultural land were said yes 25%, not affecting 68% and neutral 7%. Improvement of drainage system could be the way out of this problem were said yes 66% people, no 25% and neutral 9%. The study concludes that the Waste Management is the human control of the collection, treatment and disposal of different wastes. Some components of waste have economic value and can be recycled once correctly recovered. The most important barriers to recycling are lack of equipment and technology, lack of materials to recycle and lack of consumer awareness. The compositions of different wastes have varied over time and location, with industrial development and innovation being directly linked to waste materials.
Small groups and performance of village organizations in rural development programme of BRAC
(BRAC Research and Evaluation Division (RED), 1997-09) Rafi, Mohammad; Ahmed, Shah Asad; Hossain, S. M. Alamgir; Haque, Md. Fazlul; Dus, Tapon Kumar
BRAC's Rural Development Programme (RDP) fonns the village organizations (VO) by formulating their objectives precisely and by laying out explicitly the activities within it that the members comprising it need to carry out These activities are designed as such to make these supportive to the achievement of the VO objectives. On the other hand, small groups by helping the VO members in carrying out their responsibilities indirectly contribute to the achievement of the same. Based on these observations it was assumed that if the small groups were serious in enacting its responsibilities the VO activities would be well carried out and thus their objectives would be achieved. The objectives of this study were to (1) investigate the status of small groups in RDP VOs; (2) investigate the extent to which the small groups contribute to the performance of the V Os; and (3) investigate the causal mechanisms that helped/hindered the performance of the VOs. Altogether 239 VOs were randomly selected for observation in this study. The selection was made from those presently functioning and formed in between 1986 and 1996. The performance of these VOs were assessed in terms of certain activities supposed to be conducted by its members in the weekly VO meetings, i.e., (1) ringing the bell before meeting starts, (2) attending the meeting, (3) starting the meeting on time, (4) reciting the 18 promises in the beginning of the meeting, ( 5) sitting by small groups, ( 6) depositing savings, (7) repaying the weekly loan installment, (8) following the repayment procedure, and (9) preparing resolution of the loan verbally requested for from the RDP office.
Studies on Volumetric and Viscometric Properties of Some Binary and Ternary Liquid Systems
(Khulna University of Engineering & Technology (KUET), Khulna, Bangladesh., 2011-11) Haque, Md. Fazlul; Motin, Dr. Md. Abdul
Densities and viscosities of binary mixtures of Methanol +DMF, Ethanol +DMF, n-Propanol +DMF, iso-Propanol +DMF, n-Butanol +DMF, iso-Butanol +DMF, tert-Butanol +DMF, nAmyl alcohol +DMF, iso-Amyl alcohol +DMF and ternary mixtures of n-Propanol +0.02M SDS in DMF, n-Butanol +0.02M SDS in DMF and n-Amyl alcohol +0.02M SDS in DMF have been studied over the entire range of composition (0 n-Amyl alcohol> iso-Amyl alcohol>iso-Butanol>n-Butanol> iso-Propanol> n- Propanol> Ethanol> Methanol There is a marked decrease in the viscosity with increase of temperature for all the isomeric studied alcohols. At 298.15K, viscosity is found to be in the order: tert-Butanol> iso-Butano!>n-Butanol iso-Propanol> n-Propanol, which however changes to n-Butanol >iso-Butanol> tert-Butanol n-Propanol> iso-Propano! at 323.15K. This ascribed that the branched chain isomers are less stable than linear chain isomers at higher temperature and vice versa. The η E values are found to be positive or negative, indicating that the DMF solutions of alcohols are non ideal. Excess viscosities are negative at all the temperatures over the entire range of composition for all the systems except Methanol with minima occurring between 0.6-0.9 mole fraction of n-Propanol, iso-Propanol, n-Butanol, iso-Butanol, tert-Butanol, n-Amyl alcohol and iso-Amyl alcohol. Excess viscosity of Methanol is positive at all the temperatures over the entire range of composition and show maxima in the DMF rich region at 0.2-0.4 mole fraction of Methanol. Excess viscosity of Ethanol is negative and show minima at 0.4-0.5 mole fraction of Ethanol. The position of maxima and minima virtually does not change remarkably with the variation of temperature. The heights of the minima are in the order: tert-Butanol> n-Amyl alcohol> iso-Amyl alcohol—iso-Butanol>n-Butanol> iso-Propanol> n- Propanol> Ethanol. The negative VE, positive and positive interaction parameter e for the DMF Methanol system may be ascribed that the interaction is strong, namely formation of Fl-bonding between DMF and Methanol. The negative yE, negative ηE and negative E for the DMF + rest of the studied alcohols systems indicate that dispersion force is dominant. For the later case,P'E is negative due to the segmental inclusion of DMF in the interstices of polymolecular alkanol aggregates. Some disruptive force causing volume expansion may be present, but it is more than compensated for by volume contraction through the segmental inclusion of DMF. The thermodynamic parameters such as, free energy (∆GH), enthalpy (∆H'H) and entropy (∆SH) change of activation for the viscous flow for these systems were determined for the entire range of composition by using Eyring's equation. The free energy (∆GH) were found to be positive in magnitude indicating that the kinetic species involved in forming cavities or holes in the liquid medium is given by the work required in forming the hole against surface tension of the solution. The excess properties (yE, ηE∆GHE) data have been fitted by the least square method to the four parameter Redlich-Kister equation and the values of the parameter a1 have been reported. Although the value of density and viscosity of the studied systems of 0.02M SDS in DMF solutions are slightly higher than the pure DMF solutions, but no appreciable change in the volumetric and viscometric properties were observed by the addition of the surfactants.