Browsing by Author "Haider, Mohammad Rifat"

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Association between the frequency of television watching and overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Nepal: Analysis of data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016
(PLOS ONE, 2/10/2020) Gupta, Rajat Das; Haider, Shams Shabab; Hashan, Mohammad Rashidul; Hasan, Mehedi; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Sajal, Ibrahim Hossain; Joshi, Hemraj; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Sarker, Malabika
Background The prevalence of overweight and obesity, particularly among women, is increasing in Nepal. Previous studies in the South Asia have found television watching to be a risk factor for overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age. However, this association had not been studied in the context of Nepal. This study aims to identify the association between frequency of television watching and overweight and obesity among Nepalese women of reproductive age. Methods This cross-sectional study utilized the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016 (NDHS 2016) data. A total weighted sample of 6,031 women were included in the final analyses. The women were 15–49 years of age and were either not pregnant or had not delivered a child within the two months prior to the survey. Body mass index (BMI) was the primary outcome of this study, which was categorized using an Asia-specific cutoff value. Normal and/ or underweight was defined as a BMI <23.0 kg/m2 , overweight was defined as a BMI between 23.0 kg/m2 and <27.5 kg/m2 , and obesity was defined as a BMI �27.5 kg/m2 . Frequency of watching television was the main independent variable of this study, which was divided into the following three categories: not watching television at all, watching television PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228862 February 10, 2020 1 / 13 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Das Gupta R, Haider SS, Hashan MR, Hasan M, Sutradhar I, Sajal IH, et al. (2020) Association between the frequency of television watching and overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in Nepal: Analysis of data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. PLoS ONE 15(2): e0228862. https:// doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228862 Editor: Cindy Gray, University of Glasgow, UNITED KINGDOM Received: July 20, 2019 Accepted: January 25, 2020 Published: February 10, 2020 Peer Review History: PLOS recognizes the benefits of transparency in the peer review process; therefore, we enable the publication of all of the content of peer review and author responses alongside final, published articles. The editorial history of this article is available here: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0228862 Copyright: © 2020 Das Gupta et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: The dataset of NDHS 2016 is available at the Demographic and Health less than once a week, and watching television at least once a week. Multilevel ordered logistic regression was conducted to find the factors associated with overweight and obesity. A p-value <0.05 was considered significant in the final model. Results Around 35% of the participants were overweight or obese (overweight: 23.7% and obese: 11.6%). A majority of the study participants was aged between 15 and 24 years (36.5%), and resided in an urban area (63.2%), Province No. 3 (22.3%), and the Terai ecological region (49.5%). Around one-third (34.0%) of the participants received no formal education while an almost similar proportion (35.5%) completed secondary education. Approximately half of the study participants (50.6%) reported watching television at least once a week, whereas more than a quarter (28.7%) of them did not watch television at all. Women who watched television at least once a day had a higher prevalence of overweight and obesity than the other groups (p-value <0.0001). Women who watched television at least once a week were 1.3 times more likely to be overweight or obese in comparison to women who never watched television (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.3, 95% CI: 1.0–1.7; p-value <0.05). In the urban areas, women who watched television at least once a week were 40% more likely to be overweight or obese than those who did not watch television at all (AOR: 1.4, 95% CI: 1.1–1.7; p-value <0.01). No significant association between overweight and obesity and the frequency of viewing television was observed in the rural area. Conclusions Watching television at least once a week is associated with overweight and obesity in women of reproductive age living in the urban areas of Nepal. Public health promotion programs should raise awareness among women regarding harmful health consequences of sedentary lifestyle due to television watching.
Association of frequency of television watching with overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age in India: Evidence from a nationally representative study
(PLOS ONE, 8/29/2019) Gupta, Rajat Das; Haider, Shams Shabab; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Hashan, Mohammad Rashidul; Sajal, Ibrahim Hossain; Hasan, Mehedi; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Sarker, Malabika
Background For women of reproductive age, overweight and obesity are an established risk factor for several medical complications. To address the increasing rate of obesity in India through public health awareness programs, the association between common behaviors and overweight and obesity needs to be investigated. This study aims to determine whether there is any association between the frequency of television watching and overweight and obesity among women of reproductive age (15–49 years) in India. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that utilized data from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-4), which utilized a nationally representative sample from all 29 states and 7 union territories of India. The survey itself followed a two-staged stratified random sampling technique. The primary outcome of interest was overweight (23.0 kg/m2 to <27.5 kg/m2) and obesity (≥27.5 kg/m2), measured by using the Asian body mass index cut-off. The major explanatory variable was the frequency of television watching, measured in days per week. Sample weight of NFHS-4 was adjusted during the analysis. Multilevel ordered logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors associated with overweight and obesity. To show the strength of association, both the unadjusted Crude Odds Ratio (COR) and the Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) were reported with a 95% confidence interval (CI). A p-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The analysis included weighted data from 644,006 Indian women of reproductive age (15–49 years). Among the respondents, 33.5% were overweight or obese (BMI ≥23.0 kg/m2). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with age (p-value <0.0001) and almost half of the women aged 35–49 years were either overweight or obese (48.6%). The prevalence was significantly higher among those living in an urban area compared to a rural area (urban 46.5% vs. rural 26.5%; p-value <0.001). The prevalence of overweight and obesity increased with the frequency of watching television and was the highest among the individuals who reported watching television almost every day (p-value <0.0001). Women watching television almost every day had 24% (AOR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.21–1.26; p-value <0.001) increased odds of being overweight and obese compared to their counterparts who never watched television. Conclusions This study found that the likelihood of being overweight and obese significantly increased with the frequency of watching television; likely due to physical inactivity during leisure time. Further studies should examine the physical activity and food habits of this target group. Public health promotion programs in India should raise awareness regarding the harmful effects of the sedentary lifestyle associated with watching television.
Ethnic predisposition of diabetes mellitus in the patients with previous history of gestational diabetes mellitus: A review
(Tayor & Francis Online, 5/8/2018) Gupta, Rajat Das; Gupta, Sabyasachi; Das, Anupom; Biswas, Tuhin; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Sarker, Malabika
Introduction: The worldwide prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is increasing day by day. However, there is a knowledge gap regarding the effect of ethnic and geographical distribution on the risk of developing Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in women with history of GDM. This review was conducted to find out the role of ethnic and geographical distribution on the risk of developing DM is women with GDM. Areas covered: In this review we conducted a comprehensive search of published studies through different electronic databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, CINAHL, CINAHL plus and EMBASE) published between 1990 and 2017. The studies which were published in English investigated the risk of development of DM in women with previous history of GDM, reported outcome according to ethnicity with specific criteria of reporting DM and GDM, reported development of diabetes after 6 month of delivery in women with GDM during pregnancy were included. Initially, 350 articles were identified, among which 16 articles were included in the final review. Expert commentary: Studies showed the increased risk of developing subsequent DM is associated with precedent GDM. Around 7-84% women developed diabetes after GDM in five years follow up, where some studies reported the risk continues to increase with increasing age. Risk of DM was found higher for some specific ethnicities, irrespective of the location of the study conducted. East Indian women showed the highest risk of postpartum DM after GDM and the crude prevalence remained almost similar in all form of study worldwide. Public health programme should focus more on women belonging to high-risk ethnicity of GDM for the prevention of postpartum DM.
Factors associated with tobacco use among Nepalese men aged 15–49 years: Data from Nepal demographic and Health Survey 2016
(Elsevier, 2020-09) Gupta, Rajat Das; Jahan, Mahmuda; Hasan, Mehedi; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Sajal, Ibrahim Hossain; Haider, Shams Shabab; Joshi, Hemraj; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Sarker, Malabika
Background Tobacco is one of the leading causes of premature death around the world. In Nepal, tobacco kills 15,000 people every year. Men are also the primary users of tobacco. This study aimed to discern the prevalence and associated factors of tobacco use among Nepalese men aged 15–49 years. Methods This was a cross-sectional study. This study used data from the Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A total of 4059 study participants aged 15–49 years were included in the final analysis. The primary outcome of interest in this study was ‘tobacco use’, which was further categorized into smoked and smokeless tobacco use. Multivariable logistic regression was performed to identify determinants of tobacco use, smoking, and smokeless tobacco use. Results The prevalence of overall tobacco, smoked tobacco, and smokeless tobacco use were 52.3% (95% CI: 50.0–54.6), 27.3% (95% CI: 24.5–30.3), and 40.2% (95% CI: 38.0–42.4), respectively. The prevalence of tobacco use was significantly higher among the elderly, manual workers, those of lower educational status, those of lower economic status, and residents of Province No. 2. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age, poor education, poor economic status, and residence in the Terai region were each found to be significantly associated with tobacco use. Conclusion As one out of every two Nepalese men is a tobacco consumer, pertinent public health programs need to increase advocacy against tobacco use among the mass population. Tobacco control programs should also target high-risk groups when designing interventions.
Frequency of television viewing and association with overweight and obesity among women of the reproductive age group in Myanmar: Results from a nationwide cross-sectional survey
(BMJ Open, 3/20/2019) Gupta, Rajat Das; Sajal, Ibrahim Hossain; Hasan, Mehedi; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Sarker, Malabika
Objectives This study aimed to discern the association between the frequency of television viewing and overweight and obesity among reproductive age women of Myanmar. Design This was a cross-sectional study. Setting This study used Myanmar Demographic and Health Survey (2015–2016) data. Participants Total of 12 021 women both aged 15–49 years and also not pregnant or did not deliver a child within the 2 months prior to the survey were included. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome was overweight (23.0 kg/m2 to <27.5 kg/m2) and obesity (≥27.5 kg/m2), which was measured using the Asian body mass index cut-off. Ordered logistic regression analysis was conducted to find the association between the explanatory and outcome variables. The potential confounders controlled in the multivariable analyses were age, place of residence, region of residence, highest educational status, current employment status, wealth index, parity and number of household members. Results The prevalence of overweight was 26.5% and obesity was 12.2% among the study participants. The odds of being overweight and obese were 20% higher (adjusted OR (AOR) 1.16, 95% CI 1.02 to 1.32; p=0.023) among those who watched television at least once a week compared with those who did not watch television at all. Rural women who watched television at least once a week were 1.2 times more likely to be obese (AOR 1.16, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.34; p=0.040) compared with those who did not watch television at all. Conclusions Frequent television watching was associated with obesity among rural women of reproductive age in Myanmar. This is an open access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited, appropriate credit is given, any changes made indicated, and the use is non-commercial.
Gender differences in hypertension awareness, antihypertensive use and blood pressure control in Nepalese adults: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey
(Cambridge University Press, 8/30/2019) Gupta, Rajat Das; Haider, Shams Shabab; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Hasan, Mehedi; Joshi, Hemraj; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Sarker, Malabika
The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the gender differences in hypertension awareness, antihypertensive use and blood pressure (BP) control among the adult Nepalese population (≥18 years) using data from the nationally representative Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016. A weighted sample of 13,393 adults (5620 males and 7773 females) was included in the final analysis. After conducting descriptive analyses with the selective explanatory variable, multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the association between the outcome variable and the explanatory variables. The strength of the association was expressed in adjusted odds with 95% confidence intervals. A higher proportion of women had their BP checked (87.7% females vs 73.0% males, p<0.001) and were aware of their raised BP (43.9% females vs 37.1% males, p<0.001) compared with men. Although female hypertensive individuals had a higher prevalence of antihypertensive medication use than their male counterparts (50.1% females vs 47.5% males), a higher proportion of male hypertensive participants had their BP controlled (49.2% females vs 53.5% males). Women with the poorest wealth index had a lower prevalence of antihypertensive use than their male counterparts. The odds of having their own BP measured increased with age among men but decreased with age among women. The household wealth index was positively associated with the odds of BP measurement, awareness of own BP and antihypertensive use. This study revealed that although women had a higher prevalence of hypertension awareness and antihypertensive medication use, the practice did not translate into better BP control. Inequality in antihypertensive medication use was observed among the poorest wealth quintiles. Public health programmes in Nepal should focus on reducing these inequalities. Further research is needed to learn why females have poorer control of BP, despite having higher antihypertensive medication use.
Nationally representative surveys show gradual shifting of overweight and obesity towards poor and less-educated women of reproductive age in Nepal
(Cambridge University Press, 3/27/2020) Sutradhar, Ipsita; Akter, Tahmina; Hasan, Mehedi; Gupta, Rajat Das; Joshi, Hemraj; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Sarker, Malabika
Overweight and obesity are considered major public health concerns all over the world. They have the potential to increase the risk of developing non-communicable diseases in reproductive age women, increasing their risk of pregnancy related complications and adverse birth outcome. This study was carried out to identify the trend of prevalence of overweight and obesity, along with their determinants, among reproductive age women (15–49 years) in Nepal. Data were taken from the nationally representative 2006, 2011 and 2016 Nepal Demographic and Health Surveys (NDHSs). Women were considered to be overweight or obese when their BMI was 23.0–27.5 kg/m2 or ≥27.5 kg/m2 , respectively. Univariate, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed, with significance taken at p<0.05. The prevalences of overweight and obesity both showed rising trends in women of reproductive age in Nepal from 2006 to 2016, particularly among those with no education, only primary education and poor women. The presence of overweight and obesity was found to be significantly associated with the sample women’s age, educational status, wealth index, place of residence, ecological zone, developmental region, number of household members, marital status and ethnicity. In 2016 one in every three women of reproductive age in Nepal was either overweight or obese. As overweight and obesity have detrimental effects on women’s health, the Government of Nepal, in collaboration with other government and non-government organizations, should take action to halt the rising trends in overweight and obesity in the country.
Prevalence and determinants of hypertension among adult population in Nepal: Data from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey 2016
(PLOS ONE, 5/31/2018) Hasan, Mehedi; Sutradhar, Ipsita; Akter, Tahmina; Gupta, Rajat Das; Joshi, Hemraj; Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Sarker, Malabika
Like other developing countries, Nepal is currently going through epidemiological transition along with rising burden of Non-communicable Diseases. However, since 2013, no study investigated the prevalence and determinants of hypertension in Nepal involving nationally representative sample. Therefore, this study aimed to find out the current prevalence of hypertension in Nepal and its determinants using the latest nationally representative data obtained from Nepal Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2016. The NDHS 2016 collected data on hypertension from 13,304 men and women aged 18 years and above from 5,520 urban and 5,970 rural households covering seven administrative provinces and three ecological zones. Participants were considered as hypertensive when their systolic blood pressure was 140 mmHg and/or diastolic blood pressure was 90 mmHg and/or they reported taking antihypertensive medication. A total of 19.9% study participants were diagnosed as hypertensive of which majority were male (male-24.3%, female-16.9%), ever married (ever married-21.7%, unmarried-6.1%) and residents of urban area (urban-20.9%, rural-18.3%). Hypertension prevalence has shown growing trend with the increase of age. This prevalence was also higher among rich and overweight/obese individuals. In multivariable logistic regression analysis, older age, male gender, better education, residence at urban area and province 4 and 5 and being overweight/obese were found positive association with having hypertension. When the determinants of hypertension were stratified by sex of the participants, difference was observed in case of age group, education and place of residence. As one out of every five individuals in Nepal are hypertensive, public health initiatives are immediately required for prevention and control of hypertension to reduce mortality and morbidity associated with this progressive disease.
Psycho-social correlates of opioid use disorder among the US adult population: Evidence from the National Survey on drug use and health, 2015-2018
(Taylor & Francis, 7/7/2020) Haider, Mohammad Rifat; Brown, Monique J; Gupta, Rajat Das; Karim, Sabrina; Olatosi, Bankole; Li, Xiaoming
The United States (US) has experienced an opioid epidemic over the last two decades. Drug overdose deaths increased by 21% from 2015 to 2016, with two-thirds of these deaths attributed to opioid use disorder (OUD). This study assessed the psycho-social correlates associated with OUD over 2015-2018 in the US. Methods: This study used data collected from 171,766 (weighted = 245,838,163) eligible non-institutionalized US adults in the pooled National Survey on Drug Use and Health from 2015-2018. Survey-weighted descriptive, bivariate, and multivariable analyses were performed to assess the psycho-social correlates of OUD. Results: About 0.85% of the respondents reported having OUD in the past year. About one-quarter (26.3%), one-sixth (14.8%), and half (47.3%) of the respondents with OUD reported alcohol, marijuana, and nicotine dependence, respectively. One-sixth (16.7%) had a criminal justice involvement history, and almost one-third (30.8%) experienced a major depressive episode (MDE) in the past year. In multivariable analysis, ≤64 years, White race, male gender, lower educational attainment, unemployment, large metro area residence, history of alcohol, marijuana, nicotine use disorder, history of criminal justice involvement, and MDE in previous year were associated with higher odds of OUD. In contrast, being married, non-Hispanic African American, non-Hispanic Other, and Hispanic ethnicity, good physical health, private health insurance, and higher risk perception about addictive substance use were associated with lower odds of OUD. Conclusions: OUD is more prevalent among certain sociodemographic groups in the US. Targeted interventions focusing on young, White, unmarried, male, and uninsured/Medicaid/Medicare populations should be implemented to reduce the OUD.