Browsing by Author "Emran, Talha B."

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3-Substituted Coumarins Inhibit NorA and MepA Efflux Pumps of Staphylococcus aureus
(MDPI, 2023-12-15) Araújo-Neto, José B. de; Oliveira-Tintino, Cícera D. de M.; Araújo, Gildênia A. de; Alves, Daniel S.; Ribeiro, Fernanda R.; Brancaglion, Guilherme A.; Carvalho, Diogo T.; Lima, Clara Mariana Gonçalves; Ali, Hani S. H. Mohammed; Rather, Irfan A.; Wani, Mohmmad Y.; Emran, Talha B.; Coutinho, Henrique D. M.; Balbino, Valdir de Q.; Tintino, Saulo R.
Different treatment strategies have been explored in a quest to improve the properties of recycled aggregate concrete (RAC). The improvement strategies are directed towards the removal of residual layers of old mortar on the recycled coarse aggregate (RA). The removal of old mortar layer improves the bond between the new mortar and the RA that makes the quality of RAC better. Efforts have been made to remove the old mortar from the surface of the RA through abrasion process, however, there is a lack of detailed information, particularly about the beneficial effect of abrasion coupled with some chemical treatment. In the present work, the performance of RAC prepared with the RA subjected to abrasion (with the help of a Los Angeles abrasion test machine) was evaluated. The combined effect of abrasion and sodium silicate treatments of the RA on the fresh and hardened properties of RAC was also evaluated. A significant improvement in the workability, strength, and durability of RAC was noted due to abrasion treatment of the RA. Strength and durability of RAC increased significantly due to the combined effect of abrasion and sodium silicate treatment of the RA.
A Rapid Surge of the Omicron Variant’s Sublineages BQ.1/BQ.1.1
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-03-07) Dhawan, Manish; Sharma, Manish; Emran, Talha B.; Rabaan, Ali A.
A plethora of novel Omicron subvariants, such as BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, and BA.2.75.2 apart from BA.1, BA.1.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4 and BA.5, have appeared as a result of the ongoing evolution of the most mutated strain of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2)1–3. The prevalence of novel immune-evading coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) variants BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 has rapidly increased in England, with the incidence of cases virtually tripling in the previous week alone. BQ.1 currently accounts for over 10% of all coronavirus cases in the England, while BQ.1.1 accounts for more than 3% for a total of 13.3%, in accordance with the most current statistics from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, USA. Recent data showed that the number of COVID-19 cases had practically doubled at that point, which can be associated with the emergence of BQ.1/BQ.1.1. The increase in BQ.1 and BQ.1.1 instances is broadly consistent with what is happening across the rest of the England, where cases increased above the 15% from 10%. Additionally, the COVID-19 cases in the New York increased from 20 to 28% owing to the BQ.1/BQ.1.1 sublineages of the Omicron variant. Importantly, BQ.1.1, and BQ.1 subvariants have not shown any indications of increased severity, although it is quite early to provide any concrete statements regarding their infectiousness and transmissibility.
Airport Smoking Zones: A Prospective Public Health Hazard
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-04-24) Singh, Ravinder; Singh, Manjinder; Singh, Varinder; Kumari, Pratima; Chopra, Hitesh; Priyanka, Choudhary; Om Prakash; Emran, Talha B.
As per the WHO, the infections might happen in crowded and inadequately ventilated spaces like airports through aerosolized or very small droplets. Doctors have expressed apprehensions that small, poorly ventilated designated smoking areas, as at airports, can accelerate the spread of infectious diseases, parti- cularly respiratory infections [1] . In fact, the particulate matter (PM) of air inside these designated smoking areas at airports is 15 times higher than that the recommended by WHO (10 μg/m 3 ) which further poses a higher risk of spread of infections among people smoking tobacco at these confined place [2] . Tobacco smoking can severely damage the respiratory organs and is one of the major contributing factors to respiratory infection [3] . Tobacco smoke contains more than 7000 com- pounds of which nicotine, a major component that is well known to develop tobacco addiction [4] , and other 200 (such as benz- pyrene, arsenic, and cadmium) compounds are identified as noxious and oncogenic as they may irritate the respiratory tract and reduce the erythrocyte’s oxygen transport capacity.
Cough Syrups: Silent Killer of Gambian Children
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-12-16) Chopra, Hitesh; Attia, Mohamed S.; Badshah, Syed Faisal; Dhama, Kuldeep; Emran, Talha B.
Hundreds of child deaths from acute kidney damage were linked to the use of paracetamol syrup. Methylergometrine tablets were discovered to be counterfeit. Experts in the medical field have warned that due to the compounds’ solubility. Due to the widespread use of diethylene glycol, a poisoning epidemic broke out in the USA.
Cultivated Meat Could Aid in Reducing Global Antimicrobial Resistance Burden – Producing Meat without Antibiotics as a Safer Food System for the Future
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-02-16) Saied, Abdul Rahman A.; Chandran, Deepak; Chopra, Hitesh; Dey, Abhijit; Emran, Talha B.; Dhama, Kuldeep
It is well accepted that the widespread use of antibiotics in livestock production contributes to the worldwide public health concern known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antibiotics are widely utilized in the cattle business as growth enhancers and as a cheap alternative to good sanitary practices. The intensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry has been identified as a major contributor to AMR by the United Nations General Assembly [1] . Animals in crowded settings are more likely to be exposed to disease-causing pathogens and experience stress, leading farmers to overuse antibiotics to keep their livestock alive and continue producing meat. Meat from wild and domesticated animal and fish sources has been found to have antibiotic residues.
Disease-Specific Recommendation for Rehabilitation
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-01-18) Hasana, Ikramul; Reza, Md. Selim; Haidera, Syed S.; Haque, M. Emdadul; Emran, Talha B.
Rehabilitation is defined by the WHO as ‘a set of interventions designed to optimize functioning and reduce disability in indivi- duals with health conditions in interaction with their environ- ment’[1,2] . The health conditions causing disability and compromised functioning can be chronic disease, injuries, trauma, or even aging. The universal health coverage (UHC) target of the sustainable development goals included ‘rehabilita- tion’ as an essential health service [3] . Properly designed rehabili- tation services can improve the quality of life which ultimately will be a very useful tool to achieve sustainable development goal. However, in the low- and middle-income countries like Bangladesh, inequity is present in every aspect of rehabilitation services. A disease-specific rehabilitation service, like rehabilita- tion for the people with Parkinson, is scared here. In fact, reha- bilitation can improve the quality of life of people with Parkinson’s and even might be able to deter the progression of the disease if proper rehabilitation services are given in the early stages of this disease.
Exploring the subtle yet significant impact of atrial fibrillation on cardiovascular symptoms
(2024-10-24) A S, Vickram; Sowndharya, Bhavani; Emran, Talha B.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) relates to a variety of disorders that impact the heart and blood arteries, such as peripheral artery disease, heart failure, coronary artery disease, and stroke. CVD is a major global cause of death that imposes an immense strain on public health and healthcare systems. People of every age group, genders, and socioeconomic backgrounds are affected. Certain risk factors lead to a higher occurrence of CVD in specific populations which include smoking, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, physical inactivity, improper nutrition, and elevated cholesterol levels. The psychological effects on the heart muscles are linked to CVDs such as heart failure (HF) and atrial fibrillation (AF). The ineffectiveness of the heart’s pumping action on the body’s cells is the cause of HF. Dysynchronous atrial contraction with irregular ventricular excitation results from high-frequency stimulation of the atrium, which causes AF. Due to its association with thromboembolic events and heart failure, atrial fibrillation is the most common persistent cardiac arrhythmia globally and has significant adverse effects on cardiovascular health. A chaotic electrical activity in the atria characterizes atrial fibrillation (AF), which breaks off the regular heart rhythm and causes irregular, frequently fast heartbeats. Despite its widespread occurrence and clinical importance, AF may exhibit mild or unclear symptoms, making prompt diagnosis more difficult and requiring more awareness among patients and doctors[1]. AF causes the atria’s typical function as reservoirs, conduits, and pumping chambers to fail. Also palpitations are triggered by rapidly conducting atrial impulses, which cause an irregular and fast ventricular rhythm. Long-term consequences could include the development of heart failure or its exacerbation, as well as irregularities in microcirculatory flow that would lead to ischemia.
Green Surgery: To Reduce Carbon Footprint
(Wolters Kluwer Health, 2024-06-10) Chopra, Hitesh; Baig, Atif A.; Chopra, Shivani; Dhama, Kuldeep; Emran, Talha B.
Environmental, economic, and ethical considerations have come together to make green surgery a need in hospitals. Because of their operations, healthcare institutions have the potential to significantly impact the environment through their use of energy, trash production, and resource depletion. An effort to lessen these effects has been the rise of ‘green surgery’ programs, which seek to reduce surgical waste without sacrificing the quality of care for patients1. Green surgery has real advantages beyond just helping the environment. For example, patients can save money on energy and garbage by having less surgical procedures done. Hospitals are also under growing pressure to conform to rules and regulations, as environmental sustainability is being prioritized by regulatory bodies. Corporate social responsibility goals and a hospital’s image as an eco-friendly leader are both served by green surgery. The ultimate goal of implementing green surgery practices is to ensure the health and safety of patients and the community at large in the long run. The term ‘green surgery’ is most commonly used to describe surgical procedures that are designed to be as gentle on the environment as possible and as sustainable as possible2.
IGF-1 and GLP-1 Signaling: Potential Therapeutic Target for Neurological Disorders – Correspondence
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-01-27) Gajwani, Neeraj; Rawat, Kamna; Sharma, Akshita; Rachamalla, Mahesh; Jha, Niraj K.; Chopra, Hitesh; Dhama, Kuldeepc; Emran, Talha B.
Neuronal cell survival, proliferation, and neurogenesis are all dependent on insulin-like growth factor-1/glucagon like pep- tide-1 (IGF-1/GLP-1) signaling. In the last few decades, the downregulation of IGF-1 and GLP-1 has been linked to pro- blems in the nervous system and these two proteins have become possible therapeutic targets for a number of neuro- degenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. Consequentially, activation of the IGF-1/GLP-1 receptor may play a vital role in neuronal protection. In their review, Bhalla et al. [1] put toge- ther evidence about how IGF-1 and GLP-1 signaling target activators could be used to treat neurological disorders. The analogy of IGF-1 and GLP-1 cross the blood–brain barrier and perform neuroprotective functions such as synaptic formation, neuronal plasticity, protein synthesis, and autophagy.
Monkeypox Virus Infection and Myocarditis: A Review of Current Evidence and Possible Pathogenesis
(Narra Sains Indonesia in collaboration with Universitas Syiah Kuala, 2023-04-15) Ahmed, Sirwan K.; Dabou, Eman A.; Abdelsamad, Shaimaa; Mohamed, Mona G.; Deepak Chandran; Chakraborty, Sandip; Emran, Talha B.; Dhama, Kuldeep
The recent spread of the monkeypox virus (MPXV), causing monkeypox (mpox), to non-endemic areas, and the atypical and unusual clinical manifestations observed during its 2022 outbreak has focused international interest on the clinical features of the disease. Mpox is usually a self-limiting disease with mild symptoms with common manifestations, including fever and skin lesions; however, severe manifestations could occur in some vulnerable groups (children and those with impaired immune systems) and may present multisystem complications and fatal outcomes. In most cases, a fever is the first sign of disease, followed by the development of various inflammatory lesions on the skin, such as vesiculopustular rashes and ulcers. Pneumonitis, encephalitis, keratitis, secondary bacterial infections, acute kidney injury, and myocarditis are all possible outcomes of the infection. Myocarditis has been reported to be caused by orthopoxviruses, and it is a serious condition of which its pathophysiology is little understood. Recent reports have indicated myocarditis with cardiac involvement as a possible atypical and unusual consequence of the MPXV infection during present outbreak. This review provides an overview of the clinical manifestations of mpox with a special focus on its effects on the heart, including myocarditis. The evidence of the myocarditis in mpox patients and its possible pathogenesis are discussed.
Peptide Drugs and Their Use in Surgical Treatments
(Walter Kluwer, 2024-10-15) P., Jeyanthi; G., Gulothungan; Emran, Talha B.
After undergoing surgery, some people appear to recuperate more quickly than others. A person’s health, preexisting diseases, and heredity are all potential contributors. Even if person have a genetic predisposition to delayed healing, there are steps one may do to improve his chances of a speedier recovery. Peptides are quickly becoming one of the most talked-about and promising options available today. A peptide is a short chain of amino acids, whether they are synthesized or found in nature. They are involved in a wide variety of biochemical and physiological processes, including the healing of wounds and tissues. Due to this, peptide treatment has become more popular in the field of post-operative rehabilitation. A wide range of biological processes necessary for healing and recovery are orchestrated by peptides, which mainly function as signaling molecules in the body. To achieve this, they exert influence over several biological players, such as cells of the immune system, cytokines, and growth factors. Examples of processes that rely on growth factors include cell proliferation and differentiation, which play an essential role in tissue regeneration and wound healing.
Peptide drugs and their use in surgical treatments
(2024-10-15) Jeyanthi, P.; Gulothungan, G.; Emran, Talha B.
After undergoing surgery, some people appear to recuperate more quickly than others. A person’s health, preexisting diseases, and heredity are all potential contributors. Even if person have a genetic predisposition to delayed healing, there are steps one may do to improve his chances of a speedier recovery. Peptides are quickly becoming one of the most talked-about and promising options available today[1]. A peptide is a short chain of amino acids, whether they are synthesized or found in nature. They are involved in a wide variety of biochemical and physiological processes, including the healing of wounds and tissues. Due to this, peptide treatment has become more popular in the field of post-operative rehabilitation. A wide range of biological processes necessary for healing and recovery are orchestrated by peptides, which mainly function as signaling molecules in the body. To achieve this, they exert influence over several biological players, such as cells of the immune system, cytokines, and growth factors. Examples of processes that rely on growth factors include cell proliferation and differentiation, which play an essential role in tissue regeneration and wound healing.
Phenotypical and Molecular Assessments on the Pharmacological Effects of Curcumin in Drosophila melanogaster
(Narra Sains Indonesia in collaboration with Universitas Syiah Kuala, 2023-08-15) Rumata, Nur R.; Purwaningsih, Dewi; Asbah, Asbah; Asad, Muh. Fadhil; Chadran, Deepak; Emran, Talha B.; Nainu, Firzan
Curcumin, a dietary polyphenol derived from turmeric's rhizome, exhibits a range of pharmacological activities, such as antioxidant, analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory effects. It has been investigated for its therapeutic potential in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) due to its ability to inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB), modulate oxidative stress, impact cell viability, and regulate gene expression. However, most studies have been limited to in vitro conditions. To address this gap, we conducted in vivo experiments using the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster to explore the antioxidant activities and biological significance of curcumin. Several parameters were assessed using different assays, including curcumin toxicity assay, fly survival, locomotor response to curcumin treatment (with or without cigarette smoke), trypan blue staining, larval crawling assays, and gene expression analysis. Our data revealed no significant differences in toxicity and locomotor tests across various curcumin concentrations. D. melanogaster tolerated curcumin at concentrations of 0.5 µM, 5 µM, 50 µM, and 500 µM, suggesting its safety without negatively impacting locomotor. Furthermore, curcumin at 5 µM extended the lifespan of D. melanogasterexposed to cigarette smoke, while reversing the negative effects of smoke exposure on gut cell viability and larval locomotor activity. In conclusion, curcumin administration appeared safe for D. melanogaster, with potential benefits for longevity and locomotory function. These findings support the idea that curcumin possesses in vivo antioxidant properties and may serve as a promising pharmacological agent. However, further study is needed to explore its potential applications in human health and disease management, particularly in the context of COPD.
Re-Emergence of Rift Valley Fever: An Update and Preventive Measures
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc, 2023-01-27) Chopra, Hitesh; Dhama, Kuldeep; Emran, Talha B.
WHO on dated October 20, 2022, declared the outbreak of Rift Valley fever (RVF), in African subcontinent country known as Mauritania. In Mauritania, between August 30, 2022 and October 17, 2022, about 47 cases were reported out of them most people are animal breeders and 23 deaths were reported (Fig. 1) [1] . The RVF has been earlier reported to spread from domesticated animal such as cattle, buffalo, sheep, and goats. Also, the mosquito bites from infected animals can act as source of such viral outbreak. The Aedes species of mosquitoes, can pick the virus transmission via sucking of blood from infected animal and also the female mosquitoes can pass this virus through her eggs, which can be the new generation of infected mosquitoes
Robotic Microsurgery Innovations: Pioneering Precision in Delicate Surgical Procedures
(Wolters Kluwer Health, 2024-10-24) Vickram, A.S.; Mathan, Muthu C.M; Emran, Talha B.
Robotic microsurgery is changing the way surgeons repair fragile tissues like nerves and blood arteries, where accuracy is vital. The conventional manner of microsurgery is restricted by the surgeon’s ability to handle precise motions, since little tremors in control may quickly lead to blunders in suturing or reattaching tiny vessels. Robotic technologies address the issues by improving a surgeon’s accuracy and reducing human error. Among the important advances in this discipline, the use of increasingly modern robotic platforms now enables them to achieve sub-millimeter precision. These devices employ motion scaling to transform the surgeon’s actions into very accurate, much smaller motions. Furthermore, they have greatly decreased hand tremors, allowing for solid and controlled motions even during the most sensitive treatments.