Browsing by Author "Chopra, Hitesh"

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A Comprehensive Review on Neuroendocrine Neoplasms
(MDPI, 2023-08-05) Sultana, Qamar; Kar, Jill; Verma, Amogh; Sanghvi, Shreya; Kaka, Nirja; Patel, Neil; Sethi, Yashendra; Chopra, Hitesh; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Greig, Nigel H.
Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a group of heterogeneous tumors with neuroen- docrine differentiation that can arise from any organ. They account for 2% of all malignancies in the United States. A significant proportion of NEN patients experience endocrine imbalances consequent to increased amine or peptide hormone secretion, impacting their quality of life and prognosis. Over the last decade, pathologic categorization, diagnostic techniques and therapeutic choices for NENs—both well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) and poorly differen- tiated neuroendocrine carcinomas (NECs)—have appreciably evolved. Diagnosis of NEN mostly follows a suspicion from clinical features or incidental imaging findings. Hormonal or non-hormonal biomarkers (like serum serotonin, urine 5-HIAA, gastrin and VIP) and histology of a suspected NEN is, therefore, critical for both confirmation of the diagnosis and classification as an NET or NEC. Therapy for NENs has progressed recently based on a better molecular understanding, including the involvement of mTOR, VEGF and peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT), which add to the growing evidence supporting the possibility of treatment beyond complete resection. As the incidence of NENs is on the rise in the United States and several other countries, physicians are more likely to see these cases, and their better understanding may support earlier diagnosis and tailoring treatment to the patient. We have compiled clinically significant evidence for NENs, including rele- vant changes to clinical practice that have greatly updated our diagnostic and therapeutic approach for NEN patients.
A Spotlight on Alkaloid Nanoformulations for the Treatment of Lung Cancer
(Scopus, 22-10-18) Sindhoor, S. M.; Naveen, Raghavendra; Rao, GSN Koteswara; Gopan, Gopika; Chopra, Hitesh; Park, Moon Nyeo; Alshahrani, Mohammed Merae; Jose, Jobin; Emran, Talha Bin; Kim, Bonglee
Numerous naturally available phytochemicals have potential anti-cancer activities due to their vast structural diversity. Alkaloids have been extensively used in cancer treatment, especially lung cancers, among the plant-based compounds. However, their utilization is limited by their poor solubility, low bioavailability, and inadequacies such as lack of specificity to cancer cells and indiscriminate distribution in the tissues. Incorporating the alkaloids into nanoformulations can overcome the said limitations paving the way for effective delivery of the alkaloids to the site of action in sufficient concentrations, which is crucial in tumor targeting. Our review attempts to assess whether alkaloid nanoformulation can be an effective tool in lung cancer therapy. The mechanism of action of each alkaloid having potential is explored in great detail in the review. In general, Alkaloids suppress oncogenesis by modulating several signaling pathways involved in multiplication, cell cycle, and metastasis, making them significant component of many clinical anti-cancerous agents. The review also explores the future prospects of alkaloid nanoformulation in lung cancer. So, in conclusion, alkaloid based nanoformulation will emerge as a potential gamechanger in treating lung cancer in the near future.
Acute Hepatitis of Unknown Origin in Pediatric Age Group
(MDPI Publications, 2022-12-20) Patel, Neil; Sethi, Yashendra; Kaka, Nirja; Kaiwan, Oroshay; Gupta, Ishita; Shaheen, Rahma Sameh; Sapoor, Shady; Chopra, Hitesh; Popoviciu, Mihaela Simona; Emran, Talha Bin; Cavalu, Simona
Acute hepatitis has always been a public health concern, but the recent clustering of cases in various parts of the world has drawn some special attention. The sudden rise in cases has mainly been among the pediatric population of around 35 countries around the world, including developed countries such as the United States, the United Kingdom, and European countries. The outbreaks have had a devastating impact, with around 10% of the affected patients developing liver failure. The clinical presentation of patients resembles any other case of acute hepatitis, with the major symptoms being: jaundice (68.8%), vomiting (57.6%), and gastrointestinal symptoms such as abdominal pain (36.1%) and nausea (25.7%). Interestingly, the cases have tested negative for hepatotropic viruses Hep A, B, C, and E, thus giving rise to the terms Hepatitis of Unknown Origin or non-HepA–E hepatitis. Many causes have been attributed to the disease, with major evidence seen for adenovirus and SARS-CoV-2. International agencies have stressed on establishing diagnostic and management protocols to limit these outbreaks. As the understanding has evolved over time, diagnostic and management faculties have found more shape. The current review was designed to comprehensively compile all existing data and whittle it down to evidence-based conclusions to help clinicians.
Advances in Artificial Intelligence Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases – Correspondence
(Bangladesh Medical Research Council, 2023-06-14) Chakraborty, Sandip; Chandran, Deepak; Chopra, Hitesh; Akash, Shopnil; Dhama, Kuldeep
A large volume of patient data (multimodal) is generated by medical care in modern times. Processing and synthesis of such data to actionable knowledge is troublesome for several clinicians. In this regard, there is an emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) as an efficacious tool having useful applicability in medical science and the field of hepatology is not an exception. There are an ever increasing number of studies from which the use of AI in the diagnosis and therapy of hepatic disorders become evident. These techniques include algorithms (machine learning) viz., regression models, support vector machines, and Bayesian network for predicting the progression of disease or complications as well as mortality associated with the disease. For interpretation of pathologic as well as radiologic images in an automated fashion quickly, deep-learning algorithms are available.
Airport Smoking Zones: A Prospective Public Health Hazard
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-04-24) Singh, Ravinder; Singh, Manjinder; Singh, Varinder; Kumari, Pratima; Chopra, Hitesh; Priyanka, Choudhary; Om Prakash; Emran, Talha B.
As per the WHO, the infections might happen in crowded and inadequately ventilated spaces like airports through aerosolized or very small droplets. Doctors have expressed apprehensions that small, poorly ventilated designated smoking areas, as at airports, can accelerate the spread of infectious diseases, parti- cularly respiratory infections [1] . In fact, the particulate matter (PM) of air inside these designated smoking areas at airports is 15 times higher than that the recommended by WHO (10 μg/m 3 ) which further poses a higher risk of spread of infections among people smoking tobacco at these confined place [2] . Tobacco smoking can severely damage the respiratory organs and is one of the major contributing factors to respiratory infection [3] . Tobacco smoke contains more than 7000 com- pounds of which nicotine, a major component that is well known to develop tobacco addiction [4] , and other 200 (such as benz- pyrene, arsenic, and cadmium) compounds are identified as noxious and oncogenic as they may irritate the respiratory tract and reduce the erythrocyte’s oxygen transport capacity.
An Updated Review on Nanoemulsion: Factory for Food and Drug Delivery
(Scopus, 2024) Kumar, Virender; Garg, Vandana; Saini, Nakul; Aggarwal, Navidha; Kumar, Harsh; Kumar, Davinder; Chopra, Hitesh; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Dureja, Harish
Background: A nanoemulsion is a colloidal system of small droplets dispersed in another liquid. It has attracted considerable attention due to its unique properties and various applications. Throughout this review, we provide an overview of nanoemulsions and how they can be applied to various applications such as drug delivery, food applications, and pesticide formulations. Objective: This updated review aims to comprehensively overview nanoemulsions and their applications as a versatile platform for drug delivery, food applications, and pesticide formulations. Methods: Research relevant scientific literature across various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science. Suitable keywords for this purpose include "nanoemulsion," "drug delivery," and "food applications." Ensure the search criteria include recent publications to ensure current knowledge is included. Results: Several benefits have been demonstrated in the delivery of drugs using nanoemulsions, including improved solubility, increased bioavailability, and controlled delivery. Nanoemulsions have improved some bioactive compounds in food applications, including vitamins and antioxidants. At the same time, pesticide formulations based on nanoemulsions have also improved solubility, shelf life, and effectiveness. Conclusion: The versatility of nanoemulsions makes them ideal for drug delivery, food, and pesticide formulation applications. These products are highly soluble, bioavailable, and targeted, providing significant advantages. More research and development are required to implement nanoemulsion-based products on a commercial scale.
Application of Artificial Intelligence in Drug Discovery
(Daffodil International University, 21-04-12) Chopra, Hitesh; Baig, Atif A; Gautam, Rupesh K; Kamal, Mohammad A
Due to the heap of data sets available for drug discovery, modern drug discovery has taken the shape of big data. Usage of Artificial intelligence (AI) can help to modify drug discovery based on big data to precised, knowledgeable data. The pharmaceutical companies have already geared their departments for this and started a race to search for new novel drugs. The AI helps to predict the molecular structure of the compound and its in-vivo vs. in-vitro characteristics without hampering life, thus saving time and economic loss. Clinical studies, electronic records, and images act as a helping hand for the development. The data mining and curation techniques help explore the data with a single click. AI in big data analysis has paved the red carpet for future rational drug development and optimization. This review's objective is to familiarise readers with various advances in the AI field concerning software, firms, and other tools working in easing out the labor of the drug discovery journey.
Applications of Phyto-Nanotechnology for the Treatment of Neurodegenerative Disorders
(Daffodil International University, 2022-02-20) Bhattacharya, Tanima; E Soares, Giselle Amanda Borges; Chopra, Hitesh; Rahman, Md. Mominur; Hasan, Ziaul; Swain, Shasank S.; Cavalu, Simona
The strategies involved in the development of therapeutics for neurodegenerative disorders are very complex and challenging due to the existence of the blood-brain barrier (BBB), a closely spaced network of blood vessels and endothelial cells that functions to prevent the entry of unwanted substances in the brain. The emergence and advancement of nanotechnology shows favourable prospects to overcome this phenomenon. Engineered nanoparticles conjugated with drug moieties and imaging agents that have dimensions between 1 and 100 nm could potentially be used to ensure enhanced efficacy, cellular uptake, specific transport, and delivery of specific molecules to the brain, owing to their modified physico-chemical features. The conjugates of nanoparticles and medicinal plants, or their components known as nano phytomedicine, have been gaining significance lately in the development of novel neuro-therapeutics owing to their natural abundance, promising targeted delivery to the brain, and lesser potential to show adverse effects. In the present review, the promising application, and recent trends of combined nanotechnology and phytomedicine for the treatment of neurological disorders (ND) as compared to conventional therapies, have been addressed. Nanotechnology-based efforts performed in bioinformatics for early diagnosis as well as futuristic precision medicine in ND have also been discussed in the context of computational approach.
Artificial Intelligence (AI) Is Paving the Way for a Critical Role in Drug Discovery, Drug Design, and Studying Drug-Drug Interactions – Correspondence
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-10-15) Chakraborty, Sandip; Chopra, Hitesh; Akash, Shopnil; Chakraborty, Chiranjib; Dhama, Kuldeep
In the pharmaceutical sector, there has been a sudden acceleration in the digitalization of data over the past few years. This digitalization has come with challenges to acquire, scrutinize, and apply such particular knowledge for reaching solutions to complex clinical problems, which has ultimately motivated applications of artificial intelligence (AI) as it is able to handle huge volumes of data with augmentation of automation. AI is a system based on technology involving several modern tools and networks that mimic the intelligence of humans. Side by side, there is no threat of the physical presence of humans being completely replaced by AI. Potential applications of AI are being extended continuously in the field of pharmaceuticals, and developing pharmaceutical products from the bench to the side of the bed is imaginably provided1. AI can help in designing drugs rationally, assist in decision-making, help in the determination of the correct therapeutic management of patients, and be wisely exploited for developing drugs in the future. Eularis has developed an AI platform for analysis and making decisions known as E-VAI (Eularis Virtual Analytics Interface) that uses machine learning (ML) algorithms along with an easily usable user interface for creating analytical roadmaps. This helps executives in marketing allocate resources for maximum share gain in the market and reverse poor sales
Artificial Intelligence 2.0: Taking Organoid Intelligence a Step Ahead
(Elsevier, 2023-10-05) Chopra, Hitesh; Munjal:, Kavita; Emran, Talha Bin
With qubits from a variety of developers now available for hiring on the cloud, quantum computing is making the leap from the lab to the market. IBM Quantum, DWave's Leap service, and Oxford Quantum Circuits' quantum computing hardware are all examples of commercially available implementations of quantum computing. Companies in the quantum computing industry are working hard to make algorithms, which require putting together a sequence of quantum gates, more accessible to the general public. Examples of such companies are Horizon Quantum Computing and Algorithmic. However, quantum computers aren't the only future of computing to think about. Lab-grown neurons, in a research called DishBrain, have been taught to play the popular arcade game Pong, highlighting the possibility that biological hardware may compete with classical bits. Researchers are hopeful that biological systems will play a role in the future of computing, and observers of the sector are weighing the potential of so-called organoid intelligence [1]. Tissues that mimic organs, called organoids, may be generated in a laboratory. These organ substitutes have been employed in laboratories for almost two decades; often produced from stem cells, they have allowed researchers to forego potentially damaging human or animal testing by simulating real-world conditions [2]. Although brain organoids don't seem like miniature human brains, the pen dot-sized cell cultures include neurons with the ability to perform brain-like activities and construct complex networks. Organoids of the brain might be grown from the skin of individuals with neurological diseases, enabling researchers to examine the effects of potential treatments. While AI research has been motivated by how humans think, current technology still falls short of duplicating the brain's capabilities. To bridge this gap, people may employ a Completely Automated Public Turing Test to Tell Computers and people Apart (CAPTCHA) consisting of a picture or string of text to verify they are not automated software. The British mathematician and computer scientist Alan Turing created the Turing test, often called the imitation game, in 1950 to see whether computers can mimic human intelligence. DishBrain was developed by a group of scientists in Melbourne, Australia, lead by Cortical Labs in late 2022. It combines in vitro neural networks with insilico computers to play the video game Manuscript without author details Pong. The scientists used a high-density multielectrode array device to train 800,000 brain cells produced in the lab [3]. Voltage pulses represented game factors such as the ball's direction and distance, while electrical pulses provided feedback when the player missed the ball. Without instantaneous reward channels like dopamine, researchers influenced cellular activity using the free-energy principle. According to this hypothesis, living things like cells actively strive to reduce randomness. By mastering the game, the civilization increased the predictability of its universe. After just 5 min of games, researchers saw signs of learning that were absent in control settings. Organoid research has potential for modelling the cellular processes of cognition and advancing our knowledge of the brain. Scientists have already began conducting experiments to ascertain the influence of drugs and alcohol on the cognitive abilities of brain organoids. Similarly, brain organoids may be cultivated to reflect early stages of brain development by simulating distinct areas and cell layers. They may be put to use investigating the mental effects of neurological conditions. Memory development in organoids of persons with and without Alzheimer's disease may be compared to help find treatments for the condition. Research into the effects of genes, drugs, and the environment on a person's health might be greatly advanced with the use of individualised brain organoids. The use of AI to analyse this data might lead to the discovery of causes and effective therapies for disorders like Parkinson's [4]. Nevertheless, DishBrain's capacity to self-organise activity in response to feedback hints to intelligence and highlights the promise of organoids for studying cognition. A team of researchers from Johns Hopkins University and Cortical Labs met earlier this year to discuss a strategy for pursuing this avenue of inquiry. The group's long-term goal is to develop biocomputers that outperform both silicon computing and artificial intelligence by using organoids from real human brains [5].
Artificial Intelligence in Pediatric Cardiology: a Scoping Review
(Scopus, 22-11-29) Sethi, Yashendra; Patel, Neil; Kaka, Nirja; Desai, Ami; Kaiwan, Oroshay; Sheth, Mili; Sharma, Rupal; Huang, Helen; Chopra, Hitesh; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Lashin, Maha M A; Hamd, Zuhal Y; Emran, Talha Bin
The evolution of AI and data science has aided in mechanizing several aspects of medical care requiring critical thinking: diagnosis, risk stratification, and management, thus mitigating the burden of physicians and reducing the likelihood of human error. AI modalities have expanded feet to the specialty of pediatric cardiology as well. We conducted a scoping review searching the Scopus, Embase, and PubMed databases covering the recent literature between 2002-2022. We found that the use of neural networks and machine learning has significantly improved the diagnostic value of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiograms, computed tomography scans, and electrocardiographs, thus augmenting the clinicians' diagnostic accuracy of pediatric heart diseases. The use of AI-based prediction algorithms in pediatric cardiac surgeries improves postoperative outcomes and prognosis to a great extent. Risk stratification and the prediction of treatment outcomes are feasible using the key clinical findings of each CHD with appropriate computational algorithms. Notably, AI can revolutionize prenatal prediction as well as the diagnosis of CHD using the EMR (electronic medical records) data on maternal risk factors. The use of AI in the diagnostics, risk stratification, and management of CHD in the near future is a promising possibility with current advancements in machine learning and neural networks. However, the challenges posed by the dearth of appropriate algorithms and their nascent nature, limited physician training, fear of over-mechanization, and apprehension of missing the 'human touch' limit the acceptability. Still, AI proposes to aid the clinician tomorrow with precision cardiology, paving a way for extremely efficient human-error-free health care.
Artificial Intelligence in Surgery
(Elsevier, 23-09-06) Chopra, Hitesh; Baig, Atif Amin; Arora, Sonia; Singh, Inderbir; Kaur, Amanpreet; Emran, Talha Bin
Recent advances in medicine have made it possible to employ artificial intelligence (AI) to aid clinical decision-making, with applications ranging from risk assessment, to genomics and to imaging; and from diagnostics to precision medicine and to drug development [1,2]. Surgeons have recently begun to use AI in their practices, with emphasis on imaging, navigation and early approaches by concentrating on feature identification. In the preoperative planning phase, doctors use patient's medical information and imagings to devise a surgical strategy. Anatomical classification, detection segmentation, and picture registration are all being aided at this step by deep learning, which utilizes image analysis methods and conventional machine learning for classification. The core of minimally invasive surgery (MIS) has always been computer-aided intraoperative guidance. Using a computer vision technique known as radiomics, Swiss researchers have developed methods in rapidly diagnosing COVID-19 patients using CT scans. This discovery was made in less than a year after the pandemic and it demonstrated the critical role artificial intelligence can play in healthcare and public health. By interpreting enormous volumes of imaging data, radiology employs imaging and algorithms to improve diagnostic accuracy. Oncology is where AI is most often used. Adjuvant chemotherapy for early-stage non-small cell lung cancer can be predicted using a radiomics risk score and an accompanying nomogram based on the results of recent studies.
AZD1222 (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine: Hurdles and Visions
(Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International, 2023-03-02) Ahmad, Md. Altamash; Kaur, Harleen; Kumari, Pratima; Singh, Ravinder; Kaur, Rupinder; Chopra, Hitesh; Sardana, Ojus; Emran, Talha Bin; Dhama, Kuldeep
ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) is a replication-deficient chimpanzee adenovirus vectored vaccine developed by Oxford and AstraZeneca for a disease we all know as Coronavirus, or COVID-19. Ongoing clinical studies reveal that the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine has a tolerable safety profile and is effective against symptomatic COVID-19. This vaccine may prove crucial in boosting herd immunity, averting life threatening illness, and relieving the current pandemic. In this mini review, we performed a thorough literature search through PubMed and Google Scholar and reported various case reports associated with complications of the adenovirus-vectored COVID-19 vaccine. Various adverse effects of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine were reported around the globe, which were often serious but rare and developed into life-threatening pathologies such as GBS, thrombocytopenia, demyelinating neuropathies, progressive dementia, cerebral infarction, IgA vasculitis, hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis, herpes zoster, cutaneous reactions, and vein thrombosis. These worldwide reported complications, which are usually rare and severe, will aid clinicians in understanding and managing unforeseen situations. There is a need for more research to find out more about these complications and their etiopathogenesis. However, the benefits of these vaccinations for stopping the spread of the outbreak and lowering the fatality rate outweigh the potential risk of the uncommon complications.
Beneficial Impacts of Biochar as a Potential Feed Additive in Animal Husbandry
(Horizon Publisher, 2023-06-30) Nair, Parvathy S.; Menon, Sivani; Suresh, Shreya; A.J., Sreekanth; K, Sivasabari; Krishna, Adithya; P. R., Anuranj; Krishnan, Nayana; Parvathy, S.; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chopra, Hitesh; Akash, Shopnil; Amin, Ruhul; Dey, Abhijit; Alagawany, Mahmoud; Chandran, Deepak; Kuldeep Dhama
In the last decade, biochar production and use have grown in popularity. Biochar is comparable to charcoal and activated charcoal because it is a pyrogenic carbonaceous matter made by pyrolyzing organic carbon-rich materials. There is a lack of research into the effects of adding biochar to animal feed. Based on the reviewed literature, including its impact on the adsorption of toxins, blood biochemistry, feed conversion rate, digestion, meat quality, and greenhouse gas emissions, adding biochar to the diet of farm animals is a good idea. This study compiles the most important research on biochar's potential as a supplement to the diets of ruminants (including cows and goats), swine, poultry, and aquatic organisms like fish. Biochar supplementation improves animal growth, haematological profiles, meat, milk and egg yield, resistance to illnesses (especially gut pathogenic bacteria), and reduced ruminant methane emission. Biochar's strong sorption capacity also helps efficiently remove contaminants and poisons from the animals' bodies and the farm surroundings where they are raised. Animal farmers are predicted to make greater use of biochar in the future. Biochar could potentially be of value in the healthcare and human health fields; hence research into this area is encouraged. The present review highlights the potential benefits of biochar as an additive to animal feed and demonstrates how, when combined with other environmentally friendly practices, biochar feeding can extend the longevity of animal husbandry.
Cardiac Amyloidosis: Evolving Pathogenesis, Multimodal Diagnostics, and Principles of Treatment
(Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License., 2023-09-03) Medarametla, Gnana Deepthi; Kahlon, Ripudaman Singh; Mahitha, Lampimukhi; Shariff, Sanobar; Vakkalagadda, Naga Praneeth; Chopra, Hitesh; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Patel, Neil; Sethi, Yashendra; Kaka, Nirja
Amyloidosis is a protein deposition disorder in which insoluble fibril structures accumulate in the bodily tissues damaging the organ function. Cardiac amyloidosis is a severe but under-reported medical condition characterized by the accumulation of amyloid in the extracellular area of the myocardium, which results in thickening and stiffening of ventricular walls. Cardiac amyloidosis has recently gained much attention with its slowly surging incidence. With this study, we seek to comprehensively compile the pathophysiology and clinical picture of cardiac amyloidosis subtypes, extending a clinically oriented, up-to-date clinical approach to diagnosis and therapy. Cardiac amyloidosis can be caused by rare genetic mutations which may be inherited or acquired. The growing incidence can be attributed to advancements in imaging methods and other diagnostic modalities. Most occurrences of cardiac amyloidosis result from two forms of precursor protein: transthyretin [TTR] amyloid and immunoglobulin-derived light-chain amyloid. Prompt identification of cardiac amyloidosis can facilitate the implementation of evolving therapeutic interventions to enhance the outcomes. The modalities for the management of CA have evolved significantly in the last ten years. Apart from therapies for modifying disease and heart failure, a myriad of novel therapeutic approaches that target specific aspects of the disease, including gene therapies, are being researched. These aim at impeding its progression and improving clinical outcomes.
Chemopreventive Potential of Dietary Nanonutraceuticals for
(Daffodil International University, 2022-07-12) Chopra, Hitesh; Bibi, Shabana; Goyal, Rajat; Gautam, Rupesh K.; Trivedi, Rashmi; Upadhyay, Tarun Kumar; Mujahid, Mohd Hasan; Shah, Mohammad Ajmal; Haris, Muhammad; Khot, Kartik Bhairu; Gopan, Gopika; Singh, Inderbir; Kim, Jin Kyu; Jose, Jobin; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Kim, Bonglee
There are more than two hundred fifty different types of cancers, that are diagnosed around the world. Prostate cancer is one of the suspicious type of cancer spreading very fast around the world, it is reported that in 2018, 29430 patients died of prostate cancer in the United State of America (USA), and hence it is expected that one out of nine men diagnosed with this severe disease during their lives. Medical science has identified cancer at several stages and indicated genes mutations involved in the cancer cell progressions. Genetic implications have been studied extensively in cancer cell growth. So most efficacious drug for prostate cancer is highly required just like other severe diseases for men. So nutraceutical companies are playing major role to manage cancer disease by the recommendation of best natural products around the world, most of these natural products are isolated from plant and mushrooms because they contain several chemoprotective agents, which could reduce the chances of development of cancer and protect the cells for further progression. Some nutraceutical supplements might activate the cytotoxic chemotherapeutic effects by the mechanism of cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation procedures and changes in the redox states, but in other, it also elevate the levels of effectiveness of chemotherapeutic mechanism and in results, cancer cell becomes less reactive to chemotherapy. In this review, we have highlighted the prostate cancer and importance of nutraceuticals for the control and management of prostate cancer, and the significance of nutraceuticals to cancer patients during chemotherapy.
Cinnamon as a Potential Feed Additive: Beneficial Effects on Poultry Health and Production Performances – An Update
(Horizon Publisher, 2023-06-30) A. V., Kaaviya; P., Hridya; Prasanth, Diya; D., Abernaa; P. S., Harisankaran; C. R., Hari Sankar; Rajan, Nithin S.; S., Karthik; J., Adinan; K. S., Abhijith; Krishnan, Rohith; Akash, Shopnil; Amin, Ruhul; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chopra, Hitesh; Dey, Abhijit; Sharma, Anil K.; Alagawany, Mahmoud; Dhama, Kuldeep; Chandran, Deepak
According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, global poultry output increased from approximately 115 million tons in 2016 to around 136 million tons in 2023. Poultry production has increased significantly with the dramatic uptick in meat and egg demand. Feed accounts for between 65 and 70 percent of total production costs, making it the largest chicken industry expense. This is why it's important to maximize the transformation of poultry feed into feed with a high biological value while taking as many steps as possible to protect feed quality and reduce feed costs. The use of feed additives in poultry feed has recently gained popularity and has been essential to increase feed efficiency and growth rate, which typically leads to reduced costs. The meat's texture, consistency, and nutritional content are all improved, and its shelf life is lengthened as a bonus. Feed additives are a fantastic tool for boosting a poultry farm's bottom line. For example, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is often used as a traditional feed supplement. Rather than antibiotics, the poultry industry could benefit from using cinnamon as a natural antibiotic replacement, which would benefit animal welfare, consumer health, and the bottom line. The performance index, feed intake, FCE performance, and weight growth of poultry can all be improved by including cinnamon in the feed at varied concentrations. The digestive health and intestinal microbial population of hens are enhanced by a diet containing bioactive components of cinnamon. Cinnamon essential oils' popularity stems from their many valuable features, such as their ability to increase gastric enzyme synthesis and other biofunctional benefits. This review focuses on the possible advantages of cinnamon as a natural feed supplement for chickens, particularly about their intestinal microbiota, blood chemistry, nutrient absorption, gene expression, and immunology.
Comparative Highlights on MERS-Cov, SARS-Cov-1, SARS-Cov-2, and Neo-Cov
(Daffodil International University, 2022-09-29) Goyal, Rajat; Gautam, Rupesh K.; Chopra, Hitesh; Dubey, Ankit Kumar; Singla, Rajeev K.; Rayan, Rehab A.; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad
The severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-CoV, now SARS-CoV-1), middle east respiratory syndrome (MERS-CoV), Neo-CoV, and 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19) are the most notable coronaviruses, infecting the number of people worldwide by targeting the respiratory system. All these viruses are of zoonotic origin, predominantly from bats which are one of the natural reservoir hosts for coronaviruses. Thus, the major goal of our review article is to compare and contrast the characteristics and attributes of these coronaviruses. The SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, and COVID-19 have many viral similarities due to their classification, they are not genetically related. COVID-19 shares approximately 79 % of its genome with SARS-CoV-1 and about 50 % with MERS-CoV. The shared receptor protein, ACE2 exhibit the most striking genetic similarities between SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV primarily replicates in the epithelial cells of the respiratory system, but it may also affect macrophages, monocytes, activated T cells, and dendritic cells. MERS-CoV not only infects and replicates inside the epithelial and immune cells, but it may lyse them too, which is one of the common reasons for MERS's higher mortality rate. The details of infections caused by SARS-CoV-2 and lytic replication mechanisms in host cells are currently mysterious. In this review article, we will discuss the comparative highlights of SARS-CoV-1, MERS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Neo-CoV, concerning their structural features, morphological characteristics, sources of virus origin and their evolutionary transitions, infection mechanism, computational study approaches, pathogenesis and their severity towards several diseases, possible therapeutic approaches, and preventive measures.
Computer-Aided Drug Design-Based System Pharmacology Applications for the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus
(Elsevier, 2023-06-15) Bibi, Shabana; Hasan, Mohammad Mehedi; Hossain, Md. Shahadat; Khan, Muhammad Saad; Yousafi, Qudsia; Islam, Fahadul; Chopra, Hitesh; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad
Diabetes mellitus is a very complicated and long-term disease. Diabetic patients are always at risk of creating more complicated diseases in a very short time, as the damage of body organs is very fast if the situation becomes serious and untreated properly. Until yet there is no such medicine that could properly or completely treat diabetes mellitus. So there is an urgent need for advanced computational methods to identify novel therapeutics in a short time and at cheap rates. In this chapter, we have explained the status of diabetes mellitus, publications records, cases studies, mathematical models, and the importance of computer-aided aided design and its application in network pharmacology for the medicinal research of diabetes mellitus, also highlighted different medicine and potential targets for promoting antidiabetic drug research. More detailed studies of diabetic patients’ data set are required using advanced computational power to facilitate and speed up the antidiabetic drug research.
Cough Syrups: Silent Killer of Gambian Children
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-12-16) Chopra, Hitesh; Attia, Mohamed S.; Badshah, Syed Faisal; Dhama, Kuldeep; Emran, Talha B.
Hundreds of child deaths from acute kidney damage were linked to the use of paracetamol syrup. Methylergometrine tablets were discovered to be counterfeit. Experts in the medical field have warned that due to the compounds’ solubility. Due to the widespread use of diethylene glycol, a poisoning epidemic broke out in the USA.