Browsing by Author "Chidambaram, Kumarappan"

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Codon Usage Is Influenced by Compositional Constraints in Genes Associated with Dementia
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-09) Alqahtani, Taha; Khandia, Rekha; Puranik, Nidhi; Alqahtani, Ali M; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Amjad, Mohammad
Dementia is a clinical syndrome characterized by progressive cognitive decline, and the symptoms could be gradual, persistent, and progressive. In the present study, we investigated 47 genes that have been linked to dementia. Compositional, selectional, and mutational forces were seen to be involved. The influence of these two compositional constraints on codon usage bias (CUB) was positive for nucleotide A and negative for GC. Nucleotide A also experienced the highest mutational force, and GC-ending codons were preferred over AT-ending codons. A high bias towards GC-ending codons enhanced the gene expression level, evidenced by the positive association between CAI and GC-ending codons. The unusual behavior of TTG codon showing an inverse relationship with GC-ending codon and negative influence of gene expression, a behavior contrary to all other GC-ending codons, shows operative selectional force. Furthermore, parity analysis, higher translational selection value, preference of GC-ending codons over AT-ending codons, and the association of gene length with gene expression refer to the dominant role of selection pressure with compositional constraint and mutational force shaping codon usage.
Diallyl Disulfide
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-12) Mitra, Saikat; Das, Rajib; Emran, Talha Bin; Labib, Rafiuddin Khan; -E-Tabassum, Noor; Islam, Fahadul; Sharma, Rohit; Ahmad, Islamudin; Nainu, Firzan; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Chandran, Deepak; Capasso, Raffaele; Wilairatana, Polrat
Cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by the uncontrolled division of cells, which culminates in a solid mass of cells known as a tumor or liquid cancer. It is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the number of cancer patients has been increasing at an alarming rate, with an estimated 20 million cases expected by 2030. Thus, the use of complementary or alternative therapeutic techniques that can help prevent cancer has been the subject of increased attention. Garlic, the most widely used plant medicinal product, exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, hypo-lipidemic, antithrombotic, and anticancer effects. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major organosulfur compound contained within garlic. Recently, several experimental studies have demonstrated that DADS exhibits anti-tumor activity against many types of tumor cells, including gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer), hematological cancers (leukemia, lymphoma), lung cancer, neural cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer), hepatocellular cancer cell line, etc. The mechanisms behind the anticancer action of DADS include epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration. This article aims to review the available information regarding the anti-cancer potential of DADS, as well as summarize its mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics from published clinical and toxicity studies.
Hormonal Therapy for Gynecological Cancers
(Daffodil International University, 2022-02-01) Mitra, Saikat; Lami, Mashia Subha; Ghosh, Avoy; Das, Rajib; Tallei, Trina Ekawati; Fatimawali; Islam, Fahadul; Dhama, Kuldeep; Begum, M Yasmin; Aldahish, Afaf; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Emran, Talha Bin
In recent years, hormone therapy has been shown to be a remarkable treatment option for cancer. Hormone treatment for gynecological cancers involves the use of medications that reduce the level of hormones or inhibit their biological activity, thereby stopping or slowing cancer growth. Hormone treatment works by preventing hormones from causing cancer cells to multiply. Aromatase inhibitors, anti-estrogens, progestin, estrogen receptor (ER) antagonists, GnRH agonists, and progestogen are effectively used as therapeutics for vulvar cancer, cervical cancer, vaginal cancer, uterine cancer, and ovarian cancer. Hormone replacement therapy has a high success rate. In particular, progestogen and estrogen replacement are associated with a decreased incidence of gynecological cancers in women infected with human papillomavirus (HPV). The activation of estrogen via the transcriptional functionality of ERα may either be promoted or decreased by gene products of HPV. Hormonal treatment is frequently administered to patients with hormone-sensitive recurring or metastatic gynecologic malignancies, although response rates and therapeutic outcomes are inconsistent. Therefore, this review outlines the use of hormonal therapy for gynecological cancers and identifies the current knowledge gaps.
Natural Small Molecules in Breast Cancer Treatment
(Daffodil International University, 2022-03-27) Islam, Md. Rezaul; Islam, Fahadul; Nafady, Mohamed H.; Akter, Muniya; Mitra, Saikat; Urmee, Humaira; Shohag, Sheikh; Akter, Aklima; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Cavalu, Simona
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most common malignancy in women and the second most significant cause of death from cancer. BrCa is one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, and it accounts for a large percentage of cancer-related deaths. The number of cases requiring more effective BrCa therapy has increased dramatically. Scientists are looking for more productive agents, such as organic combinations, for BrCa prevention and treatment because most chemotherapeutic agents are linked to cancer metastasis, the resistance of the drugs, and side effects. Natural compounds produced by living organisms promote apoptosis and inhibit metastasis, slowing the spread of cancer. As a result, these compounds may delay the spread of BrCa, enhancing survival rates and reducing the number of deaths caused by BrCa. Several natural compounds inhibit BrCa production while lowering cancer cell proliferation and triggering cell death. Natural compounds, in addition to therapeutic approaches, are efficient and potential agents for treating BrCa. This review highlights the natural compounds demonstrated in various studies to have anticancer properties in BrCa cells. Future research into biological anti-BrCa agents may pave the way for a new era in BrCa treatment, with natural anti-BrCa drugs playing a key role in improving BrCa patient survival rates.
Recent Advances in Respiratory Diseases
(Scopus, 22-09-30) Islam, Fahadul; Muni, Maniza; Mitra, Saikat; Emran, Talha Bin; Chandran, Deepak; Das, Rajib; Rauf, Abdur; Safi, Sher Zaman; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Dhawan, Manish; Cheon, Chunhoo; Kim, Bonglee
A group of bioactive, isoprenoid pigments known as carotenoids is mostly present in fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids are essential for the prevention of physiological issues, which makes maintaining excellent health easier. They are effective functional ingredients with potent health-promoting properties that are widely present in our food and linked to a decrease in the prevalence of chronic diseases, including respiratory diseases. Respiratory infections are the primary cause of death and life-threatening conditions globally, wreaking havoc on the global health system. People rely on dietary sources of carotenoids to reduce a plethora of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, asthma, and so on. Carotenoids have received a lot of interest recently in several parts of the world due to their therapeutic potential in altering the pathogenic pathways underlying inflammatory respiratory diseases, which may improve disease control and have beneficial health benefits. This review aimed to provide a thorough understanding of the therapeutic potential of dietary carotenoids in the treatment of respiratory diseases and to identify possible candidates for novel therapeutic development.
The Multifunctional Role of Herbal Products in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity:
(Daffodil International University, 2022-03-06) Rahman, Md Mominur; Islam, Md Rezaul; Shohag, Sheikh; Hossain, Md Emon; Rahaman, Md Saidur; Islam, Fahadul; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Mitra, Saikat; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Idris, Abubakr M; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Emran, Talha Bin; Cavalu, Simona
Obesity and diabetes are the most demanding health problems today, and their prevalence, as well as comorbidities, is on the rise all over the world. As time goes on, both are becoming big issues that have a big impact on people's lives. Diabetes is a metabolic and endocrine illness set apart by hyperglycemia and glucose narrow-mindedness because of insulin opposition. Heftiness is a typical, complex, and developing overall wellbeing worry that has for quite some time been connected to significant medical issues in individuals, all things considered. Because of the wide variety and low adverse effects, herbal products are an important hotspot for drug development. Synthetic compounds are not structurally diverse and lack drug-likeness properties. Thus, it is basic to keep on exploring herbal products as possible wellsprings of novel drugs. We conducted this review of the literature by searching Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. From 1990 until October 2021, research reports, review articles, and original research articles in English are presented. It provides top to bottom data and an examination of plant-inferred compounds that might be utilized against heftiness or potentially hostile to diabetes treatments. Our expanded comprehension of the systems of activity of phytogenic compounds, as an extra examination, could prompt the advancement of remedial methodologies for metabolic diseases. In clinical trials, a huge number of these food kinds or restorative plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of obesity.