Browsing by Author "Chandran, Deepak"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 20

Advances in Artificial Intelligence Based Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Diseases – Correspondence
(Bangladesh Medical Research Council, 2023-06-14) Chakraborty, Sandip; Chandran, Deepak; Chopra, Hitesh; Akash, Shopnil; Dhama, Kuldeep
A large volume of patient data (multimodal) is generated by medical care in modern times. Processing and synthesis of such data to actionable knowledge is troublesome for several clinicians. In this regard, there is an emergence of artificial intelligence (AI) as an efficacious tool having useful applicability in medical science and the field of hepatology is not an exception. There are an ever increasing number of studies from which the use of AI in the diagnosis and therapy of hepatic disorders become evident. These techniques include algorithms (machine learning) viz., regression models, support vector machines, and Bayesian network for predicting the progression of disease or complications as well as mortality associated with the disease. For interpretation of pathologic as well as radiologic images in an automated fashion quickly, deep-learning algorithms are available.
Beneficial Impacts of Biochar as a Potential Feed Additive in Animal Husbandry
(Horizon Publisher, 2023-06-30) Nair, Parvathy S.; Menon, Sivani; Suresh, Shreya; A.J., Sreekanth; K, Sivasabari; Krishna, Adithya; P. R., Anuranj; Krishnan, Nayana; Parvathy, S.; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chopra, Hitesh; Akash, Shopnil; Amin, Ruhul; Dey, Abhijit; Alagawany, Mahmoud; Chandran, Deepak; Kuldeep Dhama
In the last decade, biochar production and use have grown in popularity. Biochar is comparable to charcoal and activated charcoal because it is a pyrogenic carbonaceous matter made by pyrolyzing organic carbon-rich materials. There is a lack of research into the effects of adding biochar to animal feed. Based on the reviewed literature, including its impact on the adsorption of toxins, blood biochemistry, feed conversion rate, digestion, meat quality, and greenhouse gas emissions, adding biochar to the diet of farm animals is a good idea. This study compiles the most important research on biochar's potential as a supplement to the diets of ruminants (including cows and goats), swine, poultry, and aquatic organisms like fish. Biochar supplementation improves animal growth, haematological profiles, meat, milk and egg yield, resistance to illnesses (especially gut pathogenic bacteria), and reduced ruminant methane emission. Biochar's strong sorption capacity also helps efficiently remove contaminants and poisons from the animals' bodies and the farm surroundings where they are raised. Animal farmers are predicted to make greater use of biochar in the future. Biochar could potentially be of value in the healthcare and human health fields; hence research into this area is encouraged. The present review highlights the potential benefits of biochar as an additive to animal feed and demonstrates how, when combined with other environmentally friendly practices, biochar feeding can extend the longevity of animal husbandry.
Challenges and Counteracting Strategies Including Optimum Health Service Practices for Frontline Nurses During the Mpox Outbreak and Futuristic Vision
(Scopus, 2024-05-24) Ahmed, Sirwan Khalid; Dabou, Eman A; Ibrahim, Fatma M; Mohammed, Mona G; Chandran, Deepak; Basit, Jawad; Chakraborty, Sandip; Emran, Talha Bin; Islam, Rabiul; Dhama, Kuldeep
Introduction: Monkeypox (mpox) is an evolving infectious disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV). On July 23, 2022, the WHO declared the recent mpox outbreaks a public health emergency of international concern (PHEIC), which terminated on May 11, 2023. As of July 11, 2023, 88,288 confirmed cases and 149 deaths have been reported from 112 countries and territories. Currently, mpox is not a PHEIC, as the outbreak and its impacts are nearly over. Nurses played significant roles during the mpox 2022 outbreak as frontline workers. Purpose: In light of the impending mpox global outbreak in 2022, this brief report provides an update on the enormous difficulties faced by frontline nurses while playing a crucial role in handling the mpox outbreak and some potential solutions to these difficulties. The methodological framework employed in this narrative brief report involves conducting a comprehensive analysis and synthesis of relevant literature and hypothetical scenarios. The aim is to put forth practical strategies that can effectively tackle the difficulties encountered by frontline nurses in the context of the mpox outbreak. Additionally, the report seeks to envision a healthcare system that is more resilient in the face of future challenges. Conclusion: It is important to understand the challenges the nurses face from their perspective. As frontline health care workers, the various health issues of nurses and their concerns must be taken care of appropriately by adopting optimum health service practices, adequate safety measures, recommended precautionary measures, and boosting them mentally while handling mpox patients. Counseling and the arrangement of workshops are required. Appropriate care should be taken to address the various health issues concerning nurses by adopting health service practices at optimum levels. Side by side, recommended safety and precautionary measures should be followed.
Cinnamon as a Potential Feed Additive: Beneficial Effects on Poultry Health and Production Performances – An Update
(Horizon Publisher, 2023-06-30) A. V., Kaaviya; P., Hridya; Prasanth, Diya; D., Abernaa; P. S., Harisankaran; C. R., Hari Sankar; Rajan, Nithin S.; S., Karthik; J., Adinan; K. S., Abhijith; Krishnan, Rohith; Akash, Shopnil; Amin, Ruhul; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chopra, Hitesh; Dey, Abhijit; Sharma, Anil K.; Alagawany, Mahmoud; Dhama, Kuldeep; Chandran, Deepak
According to the Food and Agricultural Organization, global poultry output increased from approximately 115 million tons in 2016 to around 136 million tons in 2023. Poultry production has increased significantly with the dramatic uptick in meat and egg demand. Feed accounts for between 65 and 70 percent of total production costs, making it the largest chicken industry expense. This is why it's important to maximize the transformation of poultry feed into feed with a high biological value while taking as many steps as possible to protect feed quality and reduce feed costs. The use of feed additives in poultry feed has recently gained popularity and has been essential to increase feed efficiency and growth rate, which typically leads to reduced costs. The meat's texture, consistency, and nutritional content are all improved, and its shelf life is lengthened as a bonus. Feed additives are a fantastic tool for boosting a poultry farm's bottom line. For example, cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) is often used as a traditional feed supplement. Rather than antibiotics, the poultry industry could benefit from using cinnamon as a natural antibiotic replacement, which would benefit animal welfare, consumer health, and the bottom line. The performance index, feed intake, FCE performance, and weight growth of poultry can all be improved by including cinnamon in the feed at varied concentrations. The digestive health and intestinal microbial population of hens are enhanced by a diet containing bioactive components of cinnamon. Cinnamon essential oils' popularity stems from their many valuable features, such as their ability to increase gastric enzyme synthesis and other biofunctional benefits. This review focuses on the possible advantages of cinnamon as a natural feed supplement for chickens, particularly about their intestinal microbiota, blood chemistry, nutrient absorption, gene expression, and immunology.
Cruciferous Vegetables as a Treasure of Functional Foods Bioactive Compounds
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-09) Mitra, Saikat; Emran, Talha Bin; Chandran, Deepak; Zidan, B M Redwan Matin; Das, Rajib; Mamada, Sukamto S.; Masyita, Ayu; Salampe, Mirnawati; Nainu, Firzan; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Idris, Abubakr M; Simal-Gandara, Jesus
In the past few years, phytochemicals from natural products have gotten the boundless praise in treating cancer. The promising role of cruciferous vegetables and active components contained in these vegetables, such as isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, and isothiocyanates, has been widely researched in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models. The chemo preventive agents produced from the cruciferous vegetables were recurrently proven to affect carcinogenesis throughout the onset and developmental phases of cancer formation. Likewise, findings from clinical investigations and epidemiological research supported this statement. The anticancer activities of these functional foods bioactive compounds are closely related to their ability to upregulate p53 and its related target genes, e.g., p21. As the "guardian of the genome," the p53 family (p53, p63, and p73) plays a pivotal role in preventing the cancer progression associated with DNA damage. This review discusses the functional foods bioactive compounds derived from several cruciferous vegetables and their use in altering the tumor-suppressive effect of p53 proteins. The association between the mutation of p53 and the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies (gastric, small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers) is also discussed. This review contains crucial information about the use of cruciferous vegetables in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract malignancies.
Cultivated Meat Could Aid in Reducing Global Antimicrobial Resistance Burden – Producing Meat without Antibiotics as a Safer Food System for the Future
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-02-16) Saied, Abdul Rahman A.; Chandran, Deepak; Chopra, Hitesh; Dey, Abhijit; Emran, Talha B.; Dhama, Kuldeep
It is well accepted that the widespread use of antibiotics in livestock production contributes to the worldwide public health concern known as antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Antibiotics are widely utilized in the cattle business as growth enhancers and as a cheap alternative to good sanitary practices. The intensive use of antibiotics in animal husbandry has been identified as a major contributor to AMR by the United Nations General Assembly [1] . Animals in crowded settings are more likely to be exposed to disease-causing pathogens and experience stress, leading farmers to overuse antibiotics to keep their livestock alive and continue producing meat. Meat from wild and domesticated animal and fish sources has been found to have antibiotic residues.
Current Scenario of Recently Rising Up Cases of Invasive Group a Streptococcal (iGAS) Infections in Younger Children in Many European Nations
(Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc., 2023-03-15) Chopra, Hitesha; Islam, Md. Aminuld; Chandran, Deepak; Emran, Talha Bin; Rehman, Mohammad; Ebad, Urh; Dhama, Kuldeepc
The frequency of cases of invasive group A streptococcal (iGAS) infections in children younger than 10 years of age has been rising in many European nations this year, especially since September 2022. These countries include France, Ireland, The Netherlands, Sweden, and the UK. In the same time frame, multiple fatalities in children under the age of 10 due to iGAS illness have been recorded from countries including France, Ireland, and the UK as reported by WHO1. For a same time span, the number of documented cases of iGAS in children in both France and the UK is much greater than it was before the epidemic1. Group A Streptococcus (GAS) infection rates dropped during the COVID-19 pandemic, but recent reports to WHO/Europe and the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) indicate an uptick in GAS infections. As coinfection of viruses with GAS may enhance the risk of iGAS illness, it is probable that the recent increase in the circulation of respiratory viruses is also related to the rise in instances of iGAS disease in children. This includes seasonal influenza and respiratory syncytial virus.
Diallyl Disulfide
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-12) Mitra, Saikat; Das, Rajib; Emran, Talha Bin; Labib, Rafiuddin Khan; -E-Tabassum, Noor; Islam, Fahadul; Sharma, Rohit; Ahmad, Islamudin; Nainu, Firzan; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Chandran, Deepak; Capasso, Raffaele; Wilairatana, Polrat
Cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by the uncontrolled division of cells, which culminates in a solid mass of cells known as a tumor or liquid cancer. It is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the number of cancer patients has been increasing at an alarming rate, with an estimated 20 million cases expected by 2030. Thus, the use of complementary or alternative therapeutic techniques that can help prevent cancer has been the subject of increased attention. Garlic, the most widely used plant medicinal product, exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, hypo-lipidemic, antithrombotic, and anticancer effects. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major organosulfur compound contained within garlic. Recently, several experimental studies have demonstrated that DADS exhibits anti-tumor activity against many types of tumor cells, including gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer), hematological cancers (leukemia, lymphoma), lung cancer, neural cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer), hepatocellular cancer cell line, etc. The mechanisms behind the anticancer action of DADS include epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration. This article aims to review the available information regarding the anti-cancer potential of DADS, as well as summarize its mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics from published clinical and toxicity studies.
Essential Oils As Valuable Feed Additive: A Narrative Review of the State of Knowledge About Their Beneficial Health Applications and Enhancement of Production Performances in Poultry
(Daffodil International University, 22-12-31) P R, Anuranj; P S, Harisankaran; Krishna S, Adithya; S, Parvathy; Prakash, Gautham; V, Vishnu Savanth; M, Pran; Chopra, Hitesh; Emran, Talha Bin; Dey, Abhijit; Dhama, Kuldeep; Chandran, Deepak
New research has begun to develop safe and effective alternatives to feed-antibiotics as growth enhancers in response to mounting pressure on the poultry sector to do so. There is a significant demand for poultry products all across the world right now. To achieve this goal, key performance indicators are optimized, such as the rate of chicken growth, the amount of feed used, and the health of the flock as a whole. As a result of this growing need, various alternatives to antibiotics have entered the market. New approaches are desperately needed to keep poultry productivity and efficiency at a high level in the face of mounting pressure to limit the use of antibiotics. Recent years have seen an uptick in interest in the potential of aromatic plant extracts as growth and health boosters in poultry. The great majority of plants' positive effects are accounted for by essential oils (EOs) and other secondary metabolites. EOs have been proven to promote digestive secretion production, improve blood circulation, exert antioxidant qualities, reduce levels of dangerous microbes, and maybe improve the immune status of poultry. EOs are often believed to be safe, non-toxic alternatives because they are all-natural, chemical-free, and devoid of potentially harmful deposits. EOs are extracted from plants, and while there are thousands of them, only approximately 300 have been deemed to have significant commercial value. Many different types of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites are negatively affected by EOs in multiple studies conducted both in vitro and in vivo. The review covers the fundamentals of EOs, their anti-oxidant and immunomodulatory capabilities, their growth-promoting benefits, and their effectiveness against numerous diseases in poultry.
Exposure of Metal Toxicity in Alzheimer's Disease
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-12) Islam, Fahadul; Shohag, Sheikh; Akhter, Shomaya; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Sultana, Sharifa; Mitra, Saikat; Chandran, Deepak; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Idris, Abubakr M.; Emran, Talha Bin; Cavalu, Simona
Metals serve important roles in the human body, including the maintenance of cell structure and the regulation of gene expression, the antioxidant response, and neurotransmission. High metal uptake in the nervous system is harmful because it can cause oxidative stress, disrupt mitochondrial function, and impair the activity of various enzymes. Metal accumulation can cause lifelong deterioration, including severe neurological problems. There is a strong association between accidental metal exposure and various neurodegenerative disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia that causes degeneration in the aged. Chronic exposure to various metals is a well-known environmental risk factor that has become more widespread due to the rapid pace at which human activities are releasing large amounts of metals into the environment. Consequently, humans are exposed to both biometals and heavy metals, affecting metal homeostasis at molecular and biological levels. This review highlights how these metals affect brain physiology and immunity and their roles in creating harmful proteins such as β-amyloid and tau in AD. In addition, we address findings that confirm the disruption of immune-related pathways as a significant toxicity mechanism through which metals may contribute to AD.
Fucoxanthin
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-02) Das, Ayan; Mumu, Mumtaza; Emran, Talha Bin; Mitra, Saikat; Islam, Fahadul; Roy, Arpita; Karim, Md. Mobarak; Das, Rajib; Park, Moon Nyeo; Chandran, Deepak; Sharma, Rohit; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Idris, Abubakr M.; Kim, Bonglee
Fucoxanthin (FX) is a special carotenoid having an allenic bond in its structure. FX is extracted from a variety of algae and edible seaweeds. It has been proved to contain numerous health benefits and preventive effects against diseases like diabetes, obesity, liver cirrhosis, malignant cancer, etc. Thus, FX can be used as a potent source of both pharmacological and nutritional ingredient to prevent infectious diseases. In this review, we gathered the information regarding the current findings on antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, skin protective, anti-obesity, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and other properties of FX including its bioavailability and stability characteristics. This review aims to assist further biochemical studies in order to develop further pharmaceutical assets and nutritional products in combination with FX and its various metabolites.
Japanese encephalitis prevalence and outbreaks in Nepal and mitigation strategies: an update on this mosquito-borne zoonotic disease posing public health concerns
(2023-03-03) Sah, Ranjit; Mohanty, Aroop; Rohilla, Ranjana; Asija, Ankush; Sedhai, Yub Raj; Chandran, Deepak; B Emran, Talha; R Hussein, Nawfal; Sharma, Anil K; Dhama, Kuldeep
Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus, is a mosquito-borne flavivirus causing encephalitis, and one of the principal causes of ‘Acute encephalitis syndrome’ worldwide, especially in Asian countries1–3. This vector-borne disease is of high public health concern because of its propensity to cause epidemics and high mortality rate. The first Japanese encephalitis (JE) outbreak was reported in Japan in the year 18711. Since then, the epidemiological trend in Asia, and particularly South East Asia, has been upward. The WHO estimates that around 68 000 JE cases occur worldwide annually, with 75% of the cases in the pediatric age group especially children aged less than 14 years, and ∼10 000–20 000 people die annually. JE is of major public health concern in Nepal. The present correspondence article focuses on the JE prevalence and outbreaks in Nepal presents an overview on risk factors associated with JEV transmission and spread, advances in diagnosis and developing vaccines, and salient prevention and control strategies to counter this important disease.
Natural Products Targeting Inflammation-Related Metabolic Disorders: A Comprehensive Review
(Elsevier, 2023-06-02) Nainu, Firzan; Frediansyah, Andri; Mamada, Sukamto S.; Permana, Andi Dian; Salampe, Mirnawati; Chandran, Deepak; Emran, Talha Bin; Simal-Gandara, Jesus
Currently, the incidence of metabolic disorders is increasing, setting a challenge to global health. With major advancement in the diagnostic tools and clinical procedures, much has been known in the etiology of metabolic disorders and their corresponding pathophysiologies. In addition, the use of in vitro and in vivo experimental models prior to clinical studies has promoted numerous biomedical breakthroughs, including in the discovery and development of drug candidates to treat metabolic disorders. Indeed, chemicals isolated from natural products have been extensively studied as prospective drug candidates to manage diabetes, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancer, partly due to their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Continuous efforts have been made in parallel to improve their bioactivity and bioavailability using selected drug delivery approaches. Here, we provide insights on recent progress in the role of inflammatory-mediated responses on the initiation of metabolic disorders, with particular reference to diabetes mellitus, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancer. In addition, we discussed the prospective role of natural products in the management of diabetes, obesity, heart-related diseases, and cancers and provide lists of potential biological targets for high throughput screening in drug discovery and development. Lastly, we discussed findings observed in the preclinical and clinical studies prior to identifying suitable approaches on the phytochemical drug delivery systems that are potential to be used in the treatment of metabolic disorders.
Pectin
(Scopus, 22-10-31) Emran, Talha Bin; Islam, Fahadul; Mitra, Saikat; Paul, Shyamjit; Nath, Nikhil; Khan, Zidan; Das, Rajib; Chandran, Deepak; Sharma, Rohit; Lima, Clara Mariana Gonçalves; Awadh, Ahmed Abdullah Al; Almazni, Ibrahim Abdullah; Alhasaniah, Abdulaziz Hassan; Guiné, Raquel P. F.
Pectin is an acidic heteropolysaccharide found in the cell walls and the primary and middle lamella of land plants. To be authorized as a food additive, industrial pectins must meet strict guidelines set forth by the Food and Agricultural Organization and must contain at least 65% polygalacturonic acid to achieve the E440 level. Fruit pectin derived from oranges or apples is commonly used in the food industry to gel or thicken foods and to stabilize acid-based milk beverages. It is a naturally occurring component and can be ingested by dietary consumption of fruit and vegetables. Preventing long-term chronic diseases like diabetes and heart disease is an important role of dietary carbohydrates. Colon and breast cancer are among the diseases for which data suggest that modified pectin (MP), specifically modified citrus pectin (MCP), has beneficial effects on the development and spread of malignancies, in addition to its benefits as a soluble dietary fiber. Cellular and animal studies and human clinical trials have provided corroborating data. Although pectin has many diverse functional qualities, this review focuses on various modifications used to develop MP and its benefits for cancer prevention, bioavailability, clinical trials, and toxicity studies. This review concludes that pectin has anti-cancer characteristics that have been found to inhibit tumor development and proliferation in a wide variety of cancer cells. Nevertheless, further clinical and basic research is required to confirm the chemopreventive or therapeutic role of specific dietary carbohydrate molecules.
Potential Benefits and Therapeutic Applications of "Panchgavya" Therapy (Cowpathy) for Human and Animal Health
(Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2023-06-30) Arun, Varada; Anil, Adita; Shajini, Baby; Krishnan, Deepika; Dev, Bhadra S.; R, Akhil P.; Anil, Krishnapriya N; Ganesh, Sravan; S., Prithvi; K., Ravikumar; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chopra, Hitesh; Akash, Shopnil; Amin, Ruhul; Dey, Abhijit; Sharma, Anil K.; Alagawany, Mahmoud; Dhama, Kuldeep; Chandran, Deepak
Positive results have been seen when bioactive components from herbal plants are added to poultry diets. Efficacy in feeding, digestion of nutrients, antioxidant health, immunological indices, and other factors can all be improved with the help of these additives, which in turn increases growth rates and improves poultry welfare. Several researchers have used sophisticated herbal formulae that included Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice) as an ingredient. Epidemic illnesses, mainly in the respiratory, digestive, and immunological systems, pose the greatest threat to the poultry business. Flavonoids and glycyrrhizin are two of the bioactive compounds in Liquorice. The roots of this plant contain glycyrrhizin at concentrations of 1-9%, which has numerous pharmacological benefits, including anti-infectious, antioxidant, antiviral, and anti-inflammatory properties. Liquorice extracts are helpful in the treatment of multiple common illnesses. These include problems with the liver, the lungs, and the immunological system. Adding Liquorice to chicken diets improves their productivity in several ways, including fostering organ growth and stimulating digestion and appetite. Liquorice has many beneficial effects on birds, including helping them grow larger bodies, cleansing their systems, and protecting them from free radicals, bacteria, and inflammation. In this article, we'll look at the chemical make-up of liquorice herb, its role in protecting poultry health, and its recent applications and benefits.
Potential Benefits and Therapeutic Applications of "Panchgavya" Therapy (Cowpathy) for Human and Animal Health: Current Scientific Knowledge
(Experimental Biology and Agricultural Sciences, 2023-07-30) Chandran, Deepak; Indu, Ankitha; K, Sivasabari; S, Meenakshy; M, Sreelakshmi; V R, Amrithendhu; Ahamed, Khanza; Ram, Gopika; Mohan, Devika; P, Anamika; Chakraborty, Sandip; Chopra, Hitesh; Akash, Shopnil; Amin, Ruhul; Ahmed, Sirwan Khalid; Dey, Abhijit; Sharma, Anil K; Dhama, Kuldeep
Cow's milk, urine, dung, ghee, and curd (together known as "Panchgavya") have incomparable medicinal value in Ayurveda and ancient Indian clinical methods. Panchgavya is also known as Cowpathy in Ayurveda. In India, the cow is revered as a goddess known as "Gaumata" because of its nurturing qualities similar to those of a mother. Almost no adverse effects are associated with using Panchgavya, which is why it is recommended in Ayurveda for treating disorders affecting numerous body systems. Its possible antimicrobial effects have piqued the curiosity of medical researchers and practitioners. Cow milk is widely regarded as a nutritious diet and has been shown to effectively treat various medical conditions, including high body temperature, pain, cancer, diabetes, kidney diseases, and weakness. Milk can prevent the growth of microorganisms, has erotic qualities when combined with the leaves of medicinal herbs, and the fat in milk has anticancer characteristics. Toned and skim milk, lassi, yoghurt, cottage cheese, and khoa all come from milk and have important medicinal characteristics. Curd (dahi) is recommended as a blood purifier for conditions such as hemorrhoids, piles, and gastrointestinal issues. Ghee made from cows has been shown to boost immunity. It is important to highlight the use of cow dung as an antifungal and for treating malaria and tuberculosis. It has the potential to aid in the development of a populace free from disease, the creation of sustainable energy systems, the fulfilment of all nutritional needs, the elimination of poverty, the promotion of organic farming culture, and the like. Cow urine is a powerful remedy for numerous medical conditions, including but not limited to epileptic convulsions, diabetes, hepatitis, inflammation, fever, and anaemia. The current review article explores how the Panchgavya ingredients can be employed to safeguard human and animal health.
Progress and Challenges in Antimicrobial Resistance and Bacterial Vaccines
(Applied Sciences and Engineering, 2023-01-06) Rumata, Nur Rahma; Djide, Nana Juniarti Natsir; Frediansyah, Andri; Fitr, Andi Maghfirah Nurul; Asfa, Nurfadhilah; Mu’arif, Ahmad; Chandran, Deepak; Dhama, Kuldeep; Al Mutair, Abbas; Alhumaid, Saad; Rabaan, Ali A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Nainu, Firzan
In recent decades, pathogens have continued to strike humans in the form of newly emerging or re-emerging infectious diseases, opportunistic infectious diseases, and infections caused by drug- resistant microbes. In response, humans have developed modern platform technologies that can produce effective vaccines to prevent pathogens from causing infectious diseases. Vaccines against antimicrobial-resistant organisms could prevent or minimize life-threatening infections, thus lowering healthcare costs. These pharmaceutical products could also reduce antibiotic use, lowering the risk of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) emergence. Furthermore, once a population has received enough vaccines, indirect protection via herd immunity can help to prevent the spread of resistant strains. In this sense, antibiotics would be unnecessary once the burden of pathogen-associated illnesses is reduced. Based on such a notion, bacterial vaccines would be an excellent and applicable solution to fight AMR. In this review, we highlight our current understanding of AMR, the role of bacterial vaccines in preventing AMR, and discuss the potential of bacterial vaccines and their pitfalls in managing infectious diseases.
Recent Advances in Respiratory Diseases
(Scopus, 22-09-30) Islam, Fahadul; Muni, Maniza; Mitra, Saikat; Emran, Talha Bin; Chandran, Deepak; Das, Rajib; Rauf, Abdur; Safi, Sher Zaman; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Dhawan, Manish; Cheon, Chunhoo; Kim, Bonglee
A group of bioactive, isoprenoid pigments known as carotenoids is mostly present in fruits and vegetables. Carotenoids are essential for the prevention of physiological issues, which makes maintaining excellent health easier. They are effective functional ingredients with potent health-promoting properties that are widely present in our food and linked to a decrease in the prevalence of chronic diseases, including respiratory diseases. Respiratory infections are the primary cause of death and life-threatening conditions globally, wreaking havoc on the global health system. People rely on dietary sources of carotenoids to reduce a plethora of respiratory diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, asthma, and so on. Carotenoids have received a lot of interest recently in several parts of the world due to their therapeutic potential in altering the pathogenic pathways underlying inflammatory respiratory diseases, which may improve disease control and have beneficial health benefits. This review aimed to provide a thorough understanding of the therapeutic potential of dietary carotenoids in the treatment of respiratory diseases and to identify possible candidates for novel therapeutic development.
SARS-CoV-2 Emerging Omicron Subvariants with a Special Focus on BF.7 and XBB.1.5 Recently Posing Fears of Rising Cases Amid Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic
(Daffodil International University, 22-01-01) Dhama, Kuldeep; Chandran, Deepak; Chopra, Hitesh; Islam, Md. Aminul; Emran, Talha Bin; Rehman, Mohammad Ebad Ur; Dey, Abhijit; Mohapatra, Ranjan K.; SV, Praveen; Mohankumar, Pran; Sharma, Anil Kumar; Bhattacharya, Prosun
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron versions have been the sole one circulating for quite some time. Subvariants BA.1, BA.2, BA.3, BA.4, and BA.5 of the Omicron emerged over time and through mutation, with BA.1 responsible for the most severe global pandemic between December 2021 and January 2022. Other Omicron subvariants such as BQ.1, BQ.1.1, BA.4.6, BF.7, BA.2.75.2, XBB.1 appeared recently and could cause a new wave of increased cases amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. There is evidence that certain Omicron subvariants have increased transmissibility, extra spike mutations, and ability to overcome protective effects of COVID-19 neutralizing antibodies through immunological evasion. In recent months, the Omicron BF.7 subvariant has been in the news due to its spread in China and a small number of other countries, raising concerns about a possible rebound in COVID-19 cases. More recently, the Omicron XBB.1.5 subvariant has captured international attention due to an increase in cases in the United States. As a highly transmissible sublineage of Omicron BA.5, as well as having a shorter incubation time and the potential to reinfect or infect immune population, BF.7 has stronger infection ability. It appears that the regional immunological landscape is affected by the amount and timing of previous Omicron waves, as well as the COVID-19 vaccination coverage, which in turn determines whether the increased immune escape of BF.7 and XBB.1.5 subvariants is sufficient to drive new infection waves. Expanding our understanding of the transmission and efficacy of vaccines, immunotherapeutics, and antiviral drugs against newly emerging Omicron subvariants and lineages, as well as bolstering genomic facilities for tracking their spread and maintaining a constant vigilance, and shedding more light on their evolution and mutational events, would help in the development of effective mitigation strategies. Importantly, reducing the occurrence of mutations and recombination in the virus can be aided by bolstering One health approach and emphasizing its significance in combating zoonosis and reversal zoonosis linked with COVID-19. This article provides a brief overview on Omicron variant, its recently emerging lineages and subvairants with a special focus on BF.7 and XBB.1.5 as much more infectious and highly transmissible variations that may once again threaten a sharp increase in COVID-19 cases globally amid the currently ongoing pandemic, along with presenting salient mitigation measures.
Tacrine Derivatives in Neurological Disorders
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-18) Mitra, Saikat; Muni, Maniza; Shawon, Nusrat Jahan; Das, Rajib; Emran, Talha Bin; Sharma, Rohit; Chandran, Deepak; Islam, Fahadul; Hossain, Md. Jamal; Safi, Sher Zaman; Sweilam, Sherouk Hussein
Tacrine is a drug used in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease as a cognitive enhancer and inhibitor of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, its clinical application has been restricted due to its poor therapeutic efficacy and high prevalence of detrimental effects. An attempt was made to understand the molecular mechanisms that underlie tacrine and its analogues influence over neurotherapeutic activity by focusing on modulation of neurogenesis, neuroinflammation, endoplasmic reticulum stress, apoptosis, and regulatory role in gene and protein expression, energy metabolism, Ca2+ homeostasis modulation, and osmotic regulation. Regardless of this, analogues of tacrine are considered as a model inhibitor of cholinesterase in the therapy of Alzheimer’s disease. The variety both in structural make-up and biological functions of these substances is the main appeal for researchers’ interest in them. A new paradigm for treating neurological diseases is presented in this review, which includes treatment strategies for Alzheimer’s disease, as well as other neurological disorders like Parkinson’s disease and the synthesis and biological properties of newly identified versatile tacrine analogues and hybrids. We have also shown that these analogues may have therapeutic promise in the treatment of neurological diseases in a variety of experimental systems.