Browsing by Author "Aznarul Islam"

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    Flood hazard forecasting and management systems: A review of state-of-the-art modelling, management strategies and policy-practice gap
    (2024-06-15) Ruidas, Dipankar; Chandra Pal, Subodh; Saha, Asish; Roy, Paramita; B. Pande, Chaitanya; Md. Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza; Aznarul Islam
    The effects of flood disasters on human society have now taken precedence in today's world; despite improvements in flood hazard and exposure models, there is still a shortage of knowledge regarding regional and temporal susceptibility patterns. Thus, building real-time flood prediction models for early warning to the public has become more popular over the years due to the frequent development of flood hazards around the world and their catastrophic impacts; the technique and ability of flood hazard modelling to accurately anticipate and identify flood-prone or affected locations has significantly improved, meeting the goal of policymakers. Till now, enormous state-of-the-art modelling approaches such as deep learning (DL), machine learning (ML) and metaheuristic models have been introduced for proper flood-prone area demarcation and early warning systems. Henceforth, our present research provides an understanding of the applicability, advantages, disadvantages, and uncertainties of the previously applied state of the modelling approaches based on the global climate change scenario; it also deals with flood-occurring drivers including hydrogeological, geomorphological, and socioeconomic perspectives; globally several developed and developing countries have employed different flood mitigation strategies but those are failed to fulfil expected outcomes due to a lack of knowledge on practical protection levels, suitable observation, surveillances, management plans, and passive funding sources for such techniques. This work will assist future researchers in creating notable flood hazard modelling techniques by considering current research constraints. This will serve as a valuable tool in the future and aid in closing the adopted policy practice gap.
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    Groundwater level prediction for excessive agricultural irrigation to achieve SDGs: Vulnerability assessment using field-based empirical method
    (2024-08-15) Ruidas, Dipankar; Chandra Pal, Subodh; Saha, Asish; Baliram Pande, Chaitanya; Aznarul Islam; Md Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza
    Excessive over-drafting and unsystematic management of groundwater brings different geo-environmental problems; thus precise prediction of groundwater (GW) status in large scale becomes prime concern for efficient GW management. This present study primarily focused on estimating the current groundwater status of agro-rich Murshidabad district using a GIS-based empirical approach including trend analysis of groundwater depth (2001–2021) by using Modified Mann Kendall test (MMKT) and Sen's slope estimator; the most prominent water level fluctuation (WLF) method employed in the estimation of groundwater recharge scenario of the last three decades. The groundwater recharge potential zone (GWRPZ) also delineated through widely used logistic regression (LR) method. The current research depicts that eight CD Blocks and twenty-five CD Blocks out of twenty-six CD Blocks are facing notable declining trend in groundwater depth in pre-monsoon and post-monsoon period accordingly, with a 95% confidence level; the lowering down of groundwater recharge (GWR) also alarming, the recharge amount in 2001, 2011 and 2021 was 210958.70 ham, 240168.80 ham and 201921.90 ham respectively due to variability in rainfall; the predicted GWRPZ shows that 674 (12.6%) Km2 and 1392 Km2 (26.02%) come under very high and high recharge zone which is predominantly found in the eastern and south-eastern part of this study region, validated through most reliable method Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) and Area Under Curve (AUC) with 0.954 value. Unsystematic over-drafting of groundwater and intense cropping intensity are severely responsible for this alarming condition. Thus, sustainable groundwater management is essential to fulfil SDG-6 by ensuring SDG-2 and policymakers and planners will be benefited from this study in formulating the proper mitigation measures for this agronomic Murshidabad district.