Browsing by Author "Azad, Abul K."

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Ex Situ Catalytic Pyrolysis of Invasive Pennisetum purpureum Grass with Activated Carbon for Upgrading Bio-Oil
(MDPI Publications, 2023-05-06) Reza, Md Sumon; Afroze, Shammya; Kuterbekov, Kairat; Kabyshev, Asset; Bekmyrza, Kenzhebatyr Zh.; Taweekun, Juntakan; Ja’afar, Fairuzeta; Bakar, Muhammad Saifullah Abu; Azad, Abul K.; Roy, Hridoy; Islam, Md. Shahinoor
Energy demands keep increasing in this modern world as the world population increases, which leads to a reduction in fossil fuels. To resolve these challenges, Pennisetum purpureum, an invasive grass in Brunei Darussalam, was examined as the feedstock for renewable energy through a catalytic pyrolysis process. The activated carbon was applied as the catalyst for a simple and economical solution. The catalytic pyrolysis was executed at 500 °C (the temperature for the highest biofuel yield) for both reactors to produce the highest amount of upgraded biofuels. The biochar produced from the non-catalytic and catalytic pyrolysis processes showed a consistent yield due to stable operating conditions, from which the activated carbon was generated and used as the catalyst in this work. A significant amount of improvement was found in the production of biofuels, especially bio-oil. It was found that for catalysts, the number of phenolic, alcohol, furans, and ketones was increased by reducing the amount of acidic, aldehyde, miscellaneous oxygenated, and nitrogenous composites in bio-oils. The highest amount of phenolic compounds was produced due to a number of functional groups (-C=O and -OH) in activated carbon. The regenerated activated carbons also showed promising outcomes as catalysts for upgrading the bio-oils. The overall performance of synthesized and regenerated activated carbon as a catalyst in catalytic pyrolysis was highly promising for improving the quality and stability of bio-oil.
Hyperglycemia during childhood diarrhea
(1997-01) Ronan, Anne; Azad, Abul K.; Rahman, Omar; Phillips, Rodney E.; Bennish, Michael L.
Investigation of Thermochemical Properties and Pyrolysis of Barley Waste as a Source for Renewable Energy
(MDPI Publications, 2023-01-14) Reza, Md Sumon; Taweekun, Juntakan; Afroze, Shammya; Siddique, Shohel Ahmed; Islam, Md. Shahinoor; Wang, Chongqing; Azad, Abul K.
"Energy consumption is rising dramatically at the price of depleting fossil fuel supplies and rising greenhouse gas emissions. To resolve this crisis, barley waste, which is hazardous for the environment and landfill, was studied through thermochemical characterization and pyrolysis to use it as a feedstock as a source of renewable energy. According to proximate analysis, the concentrations of ash, volatile matter, fixed carbon, and moisture were 5.43%, 73.41%, 18.15%, and 3.01%, consecutively. The ultimate analysis revealed that the composition included an acceptable H/C, O/C, and (N+O)/C atomic ratio, with the carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, sulfur, and oxygen amounts being 46.04%, 6.84%, 3.895%, and 0.91%, respectively. The higher and lower heating values of 20.06 MJ/kg and 18.44 MJ/kg correspondingly demonstrate the appropriateness and promise for the generation of biofuel effectively. The results of the morphological study of biomass are promising for renewable energy sources. Using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, the main link between carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen was discovered, which is also important for bioenergy production. The maximum degradation rate was found by thermogravimetric analysis and derivative thermogravimetry to be 4.27% per minute for pyrolysis conditions at a temperature of 366 °C and 5.41% per minute for combustion conditions at a temperature of 298 °C. The maximum yields of biochar (38.57%), bio-oil (36.79%), and syngas (40.14%) in the pyrolysis procedure were obtained at 400, 500, and 600 °C, respectively. With the basic characterization and pyrolysis yields of the raw materials, it can be concluded that barley waste can be a valuable source of renewable energy. Further analysis of the pyrolyzed products is recommended to apply in the specific energy fields."
Numerical Modeling of Ammonia-Fueled Protonic-Ion Conducting Electrolyte-Supported Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (H-SOFC): A Brief Review
(MDPI Publications, 2023-09-12) Rahman, Md. Mosfiqur; Abdalla, Abdalla M.; Omeiza, Lukman Ahmed; Raj, Veena; Afroze, Shammya; Reza, Md. Sumon; Somalu, Mahendra Rao; Azad, Abul K.
Solid oxide fuel cells with protonic ion conducting electrolytes (H-SOFCs) are recognized and anticipated as eco-friendly electrochemical devices fueled with several kinds of fuels. One distinct feature of SOFCs that makes them different from others is fuel flexibility. Ammonia is a colorless gas with a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with a distinct strong smell at room temperature. It is easily dissolved in water and is a great absorbent. Ammonia plays a vital role as a caustic for its alkaline characteristics. Nowadays, ammonia is being used as a hydrogen carrier because it has carbon-free molecules and prosperous physical properties with transportation characteristics, distribution options, and storage capacity. Using ammonia as a fuel in H-SOFCs has the advantage of its ammonia cracking attributes and quality of being easily separated from generated steam. Moreover, toxic NOx gases are not formed in the anode while using ammonia as fuel in H-SOFCs. Recently, various numerical studies have been performed to comprehend the electrochemical and physical phenomena of H-SOFCs in order to develop a feasible and optimized design under different operating conditions rather than doing costlier experimentation. The aim of this concisely reviewed article is to present the current status of ammonia-fueled H-SOFC numerical modeling and the application of numerical modeling in ammonia-fueled H-SOFC geometrical shape optimization, which is still more desirable than traditional SOFCs.
Retinol concentrations in liver and serum among children who died in a diarrheal hospital in Bangladesh
(1999-12) Wahed, Mohammad A.; Mitra, Amal K.; Azad, Abul K.; Jahan, Ferdouse
Septicemia due to vibrio cholerae 0139 Bengal [case report]
(1995-08) Khan, Ali Miraj; Albert, Manuel John; Sarker, Safiqul A.; Bhattacharya, Mihir K.; Azad, Abul K.