Browsing by Author "Azad, A.K."

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A 1-Year old girl with severe malnutrition, bloody-mucoid diarrhoea and fever : postmortem study case-2 of 1992 presentation of the case
(1992) Rabbani, G.H.; Ashraf;, Hassan; Islam, Moyenul; Azad, A.K.
A survey of medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitioners for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders in randomly selected areas of four districts of Bangladesh
(The American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information (AENSI), 2010) Rahmatullah, Mohammed; Jahan, Rownak; Rahman, Md. Mahbubur; Seraj, Syeda; Nasrin, Dilruba; Khatun, Zubaida; Chowdhury, Anita Rani; Azad, A.K.; Khatun, Afsana; Begum, Rahima; Jahan, Farhana Israt
Bangladesh is a small developing country with the majority of population living in over 86,000 villages spread around the country. A substantial portion of the urban population lives in slum areas. Both rural population as well as the urban slum population resides under conditions where proper sanitation conditions are lacking and the drinking water quality is usually poor. As a result various types of gastrointestinal disorders are prevalent throughout Bangladesh. A large number of the rural and urban slum people obtain treatment for various gastrointestinal disorders from folk medicinal practitioners (Kavirajes), who rely on simple preparations of medicinal plants for treatment. The objective of the present study was to conduct a survey among the Kavirajes of various randomly selected areas in four districts, namely, Rajshahi, Jessore, Tangail, and Dinajpur in Bangladesh. The districts are located, respectively, in the northern, southern, central, and northern part of the country. Informed consent was obtained from the Kavirajes prior to the survey. Interviews were conducted with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method, where the Kavirajes took the interviewers to spots from where they collected their medicinal plants, pointed out the plants, and gave their local names and uses. All plant specimens were collected and dried in the field and later brought to Bangladesh National Herbarium, Dhaka for complete identification. Considerable variation was observed in the family and species of medicinal plants used for treatment of gastrointestinal disorders by the Kavirajes of the four districts surveyed. The Kavirajes of two surveyed villages of Rajshahi district used 9 plants distributed into 8 families; the Kavirajes of four surveyed villages of Jessore district used 5 plants distributed into 5 families; the Kavirajes of a small town surveyed in Tangail district used 7 plants distributed into 6 families; and the Kavirajes of two villages in Dinajpur district used 25 plants distributed into 18 families. The use of whole plant or plant parts also differed considerably between the Kavirajes of the four districts. The Kavirajes of Rajshahi district used the leaves, roots, fruits, and seeds, while the Kavirajes of Jessore district used only the leaves, stems, and barks of plants. The Kavirajes of Tangail district used mainly the stems followed by roots, while the Kavirajes of Dinajpur district used mostly the leaves of medicinal plants followed by fruits. The survey highlights the considerable differences in medicinal plant usage by Kavirajes of different areas of Bangladesh. At the same time, the survey points out the diversity of plant species present in the country form treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, which comprises of a number of ailments prevalent worldwide and suggests that considerable potential exists for modern scientific studies to be carried out on the medicinal plant species in the quest for better drugs.
Acute lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients with diarrhea in Dhaka, Bangladesh
(1990-11) Rahman, Mahbubur; Huq, Farida; Sack, David A.; Butler, Thomas; Azad, A.K.; Alam, Ashraful; Nahar, Nurun; Islam, Motiul
Aetiology and pathogenesis of chronic diarrhoeal illness in adults
(2007-11-21T06:03:05Z) Azad, A.K.; Islam, M.; Islam, R.; Salam, M.A.; Hoque, S.S.; Alam, A.N.; Butler, T.
Antibacterial and Free Radical Scavenging Activity of Methanol Extract of Crystella Denatata (Leaves)
(Pharmacology online, 2019-08-30) Azad, A.K.; Khan, Shajib; Das, Nandita; Rahman, Atiqur; Ferdous, Jannatun; Khairuzzaman, M.; Rahhman, Mizanur
Antibiotic resistance is getting global treat and also many diseases are associated with oxidative stress caused by free radicals. The present study evaluated the in vitro antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanol extract of Crystella denatata. In vitro antioxidant activities of the plant extract were determined by DPPH scavenging method as compared with standard antioxidants. Extract showed significant radical scavenging activity as IC50.25.27 µg/ml comparable IC50 8.687 µg/ml of standard ascorbic acid. Mild antibacterial activities were comparable with standard drug, Kanamycin. The present study provides evidence that Crystella denatata prove to be potent natural antioxidants and could replace synthetic antioxidants. Plants can also be used against pathogenic bacterial strains.
Assessing the Hypolipidemic and Gastro-Liver Protective Activity of Herbal Combination With Emphasis on Ppi Amid Selected Multiple Antihypertensive Drug Combination in Experimental Animal Models
(Europe Pub Med Central, 2023-01-15) Monisa, R.P.; Azad, A.K.; Rahma, I.; Israt, J.T.; Shopnil, A.; Ayaz, A.K.; Taqweem, U.H.; Aziz, T.; Metab, A.; Thamer, H.A.; Abdullah, F.A.
OBJECTIVE: Peptic ulcer (PU) and hypertension are chronic diseases affecting up to 10% and 30% of the adult population worldwide. Most of these patients will require treatment with a combination of antihypertensive medicines, which have adverse effects on the body’s different organs. This study specifically focused on antihypertensive multi-drug induced PU disease and disturbance of liver function. MATERIALS AND METHODS: During a 14-day oral administration of antihypertensive drugs, Cilnidipine (1 mg/kg), Rosuvastatin (1 mg/kg), Bisoprolol (0.52 mg/kg), and Clopidogrel (7.81 mg/kg) were observed for their effects on the stomach lining and liver function in Wister albino rats. This study aimed to assess the potential of an herbal combination of (BO) + (BA) + (ZO) 0.26 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) Powder and water mixture on the ulcer, lipid profile, and liver function for 14 days in the treatment of the indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats at doses of 30 mg/kg b.w. for three days. Esomeprazole (20 mg/kg b.w.) is used as a standard reference to evaluate antiulcer activity in rat models. The experiment suggests that the gastroprotective effect of the herbal combination can be attributed to its reducing effect on the peptic and the Serum Glutamic Pyruvic Transaminase (SGPT) levels and within the normal range of 34.67 ± 0.88 IU/L. RESULTS: The results for Total Cholesterol (TC), Triglyceride (TG), High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) of the herbal combination were 52 ± 9.81495 (mg/dl), 70 ± 12.12435 (mg/dl), 23.33 ± 6.06446 (mg/dl), 14.5 ± 1.32790 (mg/dl), respectively, where the standard group (atorvastatin) 5 mg/kg TC, TG, HDL and LDL were 69.77 ± 9.92 (mg/dl), 47.7 ± 10.35 (mg/dl), 33.43 ± 5.70 (mg/dl), 26.8 ± 3.70 (mg/dl), and control group total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL and LDL were 68.67 ± 2.20 (mg/dl), 124.07 ± 2.94 (mg/dl), 49.14 ± 1.05 (mg/dl), 54.11 ± 1.15 (mg/dl). CONCLUSIONS: CThis investigation reported that antihypertensive drugs did not produce gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity, and the morphological structure of the organ was not changed. So, it could be concluded that the herbal combination used in this experiment has a promising role in controlling lipid profile, liver function, and antiulcer effects. Moreover, multiple drug therapy for hypertension does not cause any harm to the stomach. Further investigations might be carried out on a larger scale to make these statements more valid.
Causes of death in diarrhoeal diseases after rehydration therapy : an autopsy study of 140 patients in Bangladesh
(1987) Butler, Thomas; Islam, M.; Azad, A.K.; Islam, M.R.; Speelman, Peter
Clinical and autopsy findings of a nine-month-old girl with malnutrition and pneumonia postmortem study case - 15/91: presentation of the case
(2007-11-01T03:48:15Z) Rahman, M. Mujibur; Hossain, S.M. Ismail; Islam, Moyenul; Azad, A.K.
Comparison of clinical features and pathologic findings in fatal cases of typhoid fever during the initial and later stages of the disease
(1997-05) Azad, A.K.; Islam, R.; Salam, M.A.; Alam, A.N.; Islam, M.; Butler, T.
Effects of age, duration of illness and infecting species on the pathology of fatal childhood shigellosis
(2007-11-14T06:15:29Z) Azad, A.K.; Islam, M.; Islam, R.; Salam, M.A.; Alam, A.N.; Butler, T.
Erythrocyte vacuolation in haemolytic anaemia during shigellosis[letter]
(1987) Butler, Thomas; Aikawa, Masamichi; Azad, A.K.
Hypoglycemic and Analgesic Activity of Ethanol Extract of Polyalthia Longifolia Leaves on Experimental Mice
(Pharmacology online, 2019-04-30) Khairuzzaman, M.; Azad, A.K.; Habib, Ahsan; Rahman, Atiqur; Ferdous, Jannatun; Islam, Ariful; Rahman, Tauhidur; Chowdhury, Tawabul Alam
Diabetes is emerging new threats through different complications with time. Present study was designed to evaluate a hypoglycemic activity of Polyalthia longifolia leaves ethanol extract of along with analgesic activity. Oral glucose tolerance test showed significant result at dose 500mg/kg body weight of mice but not significant at dose 250mg/kg compare to control group where metformin was used as a reference standard. Analgesic activity of Polyalthia longifolia extract by acetic acid induced writhing method also showed mentionable effects that was 58% at dose 500mg/kg and 70% at 250mg/kg compare with standard diclofenac 78% writhing inhibition.
Hypoglycemic and analgesic activity of ethanol extract of polyalthia longifolia leaves on experimental mice
(2018-12-30) Khairuzzaman, Md.; Azad, A.K.; Habib, A.; Rahman, A.
Diabetes is emerging new threats through different complications with time. Present study was designed to evaluate a hypoglycemic activity of Polyalthia longifolia leaves ethanol extract of along with analgesic activity. Oral glucose tolerance test showed significant result at dose 500mg/kg body weight of mice but not significant at dose 250mg/kg compare to control group where metformin was used as a reference standard. Analgesic activity of Polyalthia longifolia extract by acetic acid induced writhing method also showed mentionable effects that was 58% at dose 500mg/kg and 70% at 250mg/kg compare with standard diclofenac 78% writhing inhibition. © 2019, SILAE (Italo-Latin American Society of Ethnomedicine). All rights reserved.
Isolation of Yersinia enterocolitica and Y. intermedia from fatal cases of diarrhoeal illness in Bangladesh
(1984) Butler, Thomas; Islam, M.; Islam, M.R.; Azad, A.K.; Huq, M.I.; Speelman, P.; Roy, S.K.
Medicinal plants used by folk medicinal practitioners in three villages of Natore and Rajshahi districts, Bangladesh
(The American-Eurasian Network for Scientific Information (AENSI), 2010) Rahmatullah, Mohammed; Jahan, Rownak; Azad, A.K.; Seraj, Syeda; Rahman, Md. Mahbubur; Chowdhury, Anita Rani; Begum, Rahima; Nasrin, Dilruba; Khatun, Zubaida; Hossain, Mohammad Shahadat; Khatun, Afsana; Miajee, Z.U.M. Emdadullah
Folk medicinal healers (Kavirajes) form the primary health-care providers to the predominantly rural population residing in over 86,000 villages throughout Bangladesh. The Kavirajes treat various ailments with whole plants or plant parts from which they make simple decoctions or pastes, which are administered orally or topically. Their mode of treatment is simple, yet considerable variations exist between Kavirajes of even adjoining villages as to the species of plant chosen for treatment of any given ailment. The objective of the present study was to conduct a survey on folk medicinal use of plants in the village of Islampur in Natore district, Bangladesh and the villages of Itaghati and Ataibidir in Rajshahi district, Bangladesh, which are adjoining districts. Informed consent was obtained from the Kavirajes and surveys were carried out with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method, where the Kavirajes pointed out medicinal plants during field-walks with the interviewers and pointed out their uses. A total of 87 medicinal plants distributed into 44 families were observed to be used by the Kavirajes of the three villages surveyed. The Fabaceae family contributed the highest number of plants (9), followed by the Solanaceae family (7) and the Euphorbiaceae family with 5 plants. Whole plants constituted the majority of uses (27.0%), followed respectively, by leaves (22.7%), roots (14.9%), seeds (9.2%), and fruits (8.5%). Other plant parts used included stems, barks, flowers, and tubers. The various ailments treated included helminthiasis, sexual disorders, respiratory tract disorders, pain, gastrointestinal disorders, skin disorders, urinary tract disorders, rheumatoid arthritis, snake bites, yellow fever, cancer, alopecia, cuts and wounds, paralysis, burns, malaria, cholera, gall bladder enlargement, diabetes, heart diseases, weakness, piles, obesity, placentitis, eye disorders, and hepatitis. Since a number of modern allopathic medicines owe their discovery to studies of medicinal practices of indigenous peoples, cumulatively these medicinal plants present significant potential for further scientific research leading to discovery of lead compounds and more efficacious drugs.
Pathological studies of fatal complications of childhood diarrhoeal diseases
(1984-09-20) Butler, Thomas C.; Islam, Rafiqul; Islam, Moyenul; Azad, A.K.
Pathological studies of fatal complications of childhood diarrhoeal diseases
(1984-10) Butler, Thomas C.; Islam, Rafiqul; Islam, Moyenul; Azad, A.K.
Pathology of shigellosis and its complications
(1994-01) Islam, M.M.; Azad, A.K.; Bardhan, P.K.; Raqib, R.; Islam, D.
Phytochemical Investigation, Cytotoxic and Thrombolytic Activity of Acetone Extracts of Rhynchotechum Ellipticum (Gesneriaceae)
(Pharmacologyonline, 2019-08-30) Faysal, Md.; Azad, A.K.; Islam, Fahadul; Rahman, Md. Mizanur; Hossain, Md. Sarowar; Parvez, Anwar; Begh, Md. Zamshed Alam
From the archaic times Rhynchotechum ellipticum (Gesneriaceae) used locally as alleviates coughs in children. It is available in Chittagong and Sylhet, Bangladesh. The present study was carried out to investigate phytochemical, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity of Rhynchotechum ellipticum leaf and stem of acetonic extracts . The cytotoxic activity was determined by using brine shirmp lethality bioassay and thrombolytic activity was determined in accordance with clot disruption method. For cytotoxic activity, leaf and stem extracts showed LC 50 value 71.70 and 55 µg/ml; respectively. On the otherhand, the reference standard Vincristine sulphate showed LC 50 value was 2.63 µg/ml. In the thrombolytic activity of leaf and stem extracts showed clot lysis (41.98%) and (34.21%); respectively. The standard of Streptokinase showed clot lysis (68.42%). The extracts also showed moderate antibacterial activity. It can be revealed that the extract of Rhynchotechum ellipticum (Gesneriaceae) possess cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity. The potential of these activities may be due to the presence of most of the phytochemicals which supports previous claims and validate its uses as an expected folk medicine.
Phytochemical Investigation, Evaluation of Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activity of the Methanol Extract of Cuscuta Reflexa (Stem)
(Pharmacologyonline, 2019-12-30) Munna, Md. Mamunur Rashid; Azad, A.K.; Islam, Fahadul; Ahmed, Md Faruk; Parvez, Anwar; Rahman, Md. Mizanur; Hossain, Md. Sarowar
Cuscuta reflexa is used for treating constipation, flatulence, body pains, itchy skin, frequent urination, dry eyes, ringing in the ears, lower back pain, blurred vision, tired eyes, hair growth promoters ability to prevent certain cancer cells and thus reduce the incidence of cancer. Its can build protection from cerebral ischemia, advance heart blood, tonify kidney. The present study was carried out to investigate phytochemical, antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of stem of Cuscuta reflexa methanolic extracts. The cytotoxic activity was determined by using brine shirmp lethality bioassay. For cytotoxic activity, extracts showed LC 50 183.64 µg/ml. On the other hand, the reference standard Vincristine sulphate showed LC 50 value was 7.27 µg/ml. It is also revealed that the extract of Cuscuta reflexa possess antioxidant activity IC50 157.80 µg/ml compare to standard IC50 64.38 µg/ml. The potential of these activities may be due to the presence of most of the phytochemicals which supports previous claims and validate its uses as an expected folk medicine.