Browsing by Author "Azad, A. K. M."

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BOO-ST and CBCEC: Two Novel Hybrid Machine Learning Methods Aim To Reduce the Mortality of Heart Failure Patients
(Springer Nature Limited, 2023-12-18) Sutradhar, Ananda; Al Rafi, Mustahsin; Shamrat, F M Javed Mehedi; Ghosh, Pronab; Das, Subrata; Islam, Md Anaytul; Ahmed, Kawsar; Zhou, Xujuan; Azad, A. K. M.; Alyami, Salem A.; Moni, Mohammad Ali
Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of mortality worldwide. Machine learning (ML) approaches have shown potential as an early detection tool for improving patient outcomes. Enhancing the effectiveness and clinical applicability of the ML model necessitates training an efficient classifier with a diverse set of high-quality datasets. Hence, we proposed two novel hybrid ML methods ((a) consisting of Boosting, SMOTE, and Tomek links (BOO-ST); (b) combining the best-performing conventional classifier with ensemble classifiers (CBCEC)) to serve as an efficient early warning system for HF mortality. The BOO-ST was introduced to tackle the challenge of class imbalance, while CBCEC was responsible for training the processed and selected features derived from the Feature Importance (FI) and Information Gain (IG) feature selection techniques. We also conducted an explicit and intuitive comprehension to explore the impact of potential characteristics correlating with the fatality cases of HF. The experimental results demonstrated the proposed classifier CBCEC showcases a significant accuracy of 93.67% in terms of providing the early forecasting of HF mortality. Therefore, we can reveal that our proposed aspects (BOO-ST and CBCEC) can be able to play a crucial role in preventing the death rate of HF and reducing stress in the healthcare sector.
Linear time algorithms for floor-planning and routing problems
(Department of Computer Science and Engineering, BUET, 2005-08) Azad, A. K. M.; Mia, Dr. Md. Abul Kashem
The designer of an integrated circuit (IC) transforms a circuit description to a geometric description, called the VLSI layout. The task of converting the specification of an electrical circuit into a layout is called the physical design. In physical design cycle a circuit specification is converted into a VLSI layout in the four phases: partitioning, floorplanning, routing (global routing and detailed routing) and compaction. A large circuit is divided into a set of smaller blocks and the interconnections (nets) between them in the partitioning phase. Each block is then placed (floorplanning phase) in a plane so that interconnections can be routed (routing phase) through the remaining space. Most of the works that appear in the literature deal floorplanning and global routing in two different phases. Although there are some linear time floorplanning algorithms, but the known best algorithms for global routing and detailed routing run in O(N2) time, where N is the number of given nets. In this thesis, we present an integrated algorithm based on orthogonal drawing of plane graph that handle floorplanning and global routing in a single phase. The time complexity of our algorithm is linear. We also develop a linear time detailed routing algorithm.
PID controller of servo system in real time linux Environment
(BRAC University, 2008-04) Alam, Marzia; Hussain, C. M. Iftekhar Hussain; Md. Moniruzzaman; Chowdhury, Samina; Azad, A. K. M.
This work presents an implementation of a digital PID (Proportional + Integral + Derivative) controller algorithm in real-Time Linux environment. PID controllers are well known and have a wide range of applications in automatic control of systems. such as servomotors and temperature control etc. PID values are dependent on the sampling rate at which system output is read and the new value for system input generated. In order to achieve the desired performance the system output (axis position) is feed-back to the PID controller which generated the system input (motor voltage), in a closed loop. The Real-Time system is the accurate system which gives lowest latency. Through this real real-time the temperature control unit is controlled. The PID controller computes the error of the temperature control circuit between the desired system output (reference) and the actual system output. Then, the system input, which is the PID controller output, is generated as weighted sum of the error, its integral and derivative. The weighting coefficients are known as controller gains and referred as Kp, Ki, and Kd. The values of the controller gains determine the performance of the closed loop system and even its stability. The data acquisition card AX5411 receives the data from the computer to control the temperature controller and retrieve the data and send it to computer again from the output as a feed back element simultaneously.