Browsing by Author "Ali, Mohammad"

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6LoWPAN based smart home architecture for the smart future
(BRAC University, 2020-04) Hasan, Shah Muhammad Jannatul; Ali, Mohammad; Khan, Taufiqul Islam; Afrin, Farzana; Islam, Md. Motaharul
6LoWPAN is an emerging area of research. It helps to extend network architecture for WSN which allows end-to-end connectivity between a 6LoWPAN node and any IP devices of the network. To make a low power consumption mesh network, 6LoWPAN is a promising solution on a simple embedded system. Target is to carry IPv6 packets efficiently within a small link layer frame IEEE 802.15.4. Currently the absence of IP address hinders the process of accessing sensors directly. In remedy, IP supporting devices are necessary. Here according to 6LoWPAN technology each sensor will have a unique IPv6 address that will be auto-con gured. So, the user can easily access the sensors data directly from the Internet without any supporting device. In our home automation, we have implemented our proposal through simulator COOJA which is basically a simulator designed for wireless sensor network. It is a part of exceptionally versatile in performing various tasks and it works in framework Contiki. It has unlocked source where an integrated Internet Protocol Suite based on TCP/IP stack and multitasking takes only a few Kilobytes of RAM and ROM. A Contiki-based 6LoWPAN gateway is designed to interconnect 6LoWPAN nodes with the Internet IPv6. We have implemented our 6LoWPAN based network simulation in COOJA.We have found a better End to End communication, mobility, scalability and lower overhead which makes the system more convenient compare to other technology based home automation.
A Data Analysis Technique to Find the Environmental Effect on Egg Production in the Poultry Farm Using ML and IOT
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-18) Siddika, Ayesha; Faysal, Md Anowar Hossen; Ahmed, Md Rasel; Rahaman, Md Masudur; Ali, Mohammad; Foysal, Md. Ferdouse Ahmed
Environmental maintenance of the poultry house is essential for maintaining the excellent health of the poultry as the rate of egg production is disrupted due to illness. Our main objective is to find real-time environmental impact using IoT and machine learning to ensure optimal egg production in the poultry industry, an unimaginable change for the poultry industry. Environmental data such as Temperature, Humidity, Ammonia, Light Intensity, Noise which affect the egg production, have been measured through low-cost IoT devices. The collected data has been kept on the online server. Through our website and Android app, we will send messages to poultry farmers by combining the collected environmental data with standard data to be aware of the status of their poultry farms. The server analyzes the stored data using machine learning algorithms on how to maximize egg production based on poultry farm environment conditions. As a result, the poultry industry can be transformed into a profitable industry with unimaginable changes.
Ajker Bazardor
(Daffodil International University, 23-05-08) Ali, Mohammad
As the use of technology is increasing, people are going online. People are now buying all kinds of essential items online. Food is our basic need. Day by day online food ordering system continues to be popular and so, demand is created regularly. Many types of super shops have developed to fulfil these needs. Super shops have all the essentials for daily cooking. Home delivery is provided only if you order online. Due to the fact that there are many super shops, if people want to know the cheapest price of any product in a super shop, then they have to visit the website of each super shop. Sometimes it is seen that a product is available in one shop but not in another shop. For that one has to search from one super shop to another super shop. Due to this people waste a lot of time. To solve this problem, I came up with the idea of making an app called “Ajker Bazardor”. Apps which will have category-wise products of every super shop. Products can be added to the cart and the data of the carted products will be collected from various super shops after comparing the price a result will be shown. We can know from the comparison results that if we buy those products from any super shop, that will be available at a low price. If any products are missing in any super shop, then compare result table will show it. At the end, by using my application, anyone can buy at the cheapest price from any super shop.
An Ethnomedicinal Survey of Vitbilia Village in Sujanagar Sub-District of Pabna District, Bangladesh
(IDOSI, 2011) Rahmatullah, Mohammed; Mollik, Ariful Haque; Ali, Mohammad; Abbas, Fahad Bin; Jahan, Rownak; Khatun, Afsana; Seraj, Syeda; Ahsan, Shamima
An ethonomedicinal survey was carried out in the village of Vitbilia situated in Sujanagar sub-district of Pabna district, Bangladesh. Informed consent was obtained from the folk medicinal practitioners (Kavirajes) and interviews were conducted with the help of a semi-structured questionnaire and the guided field-walk method, where the Kavirajes took the interviewers to areas from where they collected their plants and pointed out their uses. Plant specimens were collected, pressed and dried in the field and later identified at the Bangladesh National Herbarium. It was observed that the Kavirajes used 48 plants distributed into 30 families for treatment of various ailments. The Fabaceae family formed the largest family contributing six plants followed by the Acanthaceae, Asteraceae and Lamiaceae families contributing three plants each. Leaves constituted the major plant part used (41.2%) followed by roots (27.9%) and stems (13.2%). Other plant parts used included whole plants, flowers, seeds, fruits and plant sap. The various ailments treated included hepatic disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, skin disorders, snake bites, cuts and wounds, sexually transmitted diseases, pain, fever, respiratory tract disorders, paralysis, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, impotency and bone fractures. The folk medicinal uses of a number of plants are validated by available scientific studies on those plant species. Cumulatively, the plant species reported in the present survey can form an important source of lead compounds and more efficacious drugs through further scientific studies.
Analysis of boundary layer flow over a bullet-shaped object with a quasi-linearization iterative scheme
(Department of Mathematics, 2021-03-28) Ali, Mohammad; Alim, Dr. Md. Abdul
The two-dimensional steady and unsteady incompressible axisymmetric mixed convection magnetohydrodynamic boundary layer flow with heat transfer over a power-law stretching bullet-shaped object has been investigated. The main purpose of this dissertation is to discuss the effect of shape and size (surface thickness parameter s) and the stretching factor of the bullet-shaped object on the fluid velocity and temperature distributions within the boundary layer. So, the present study focuses on the boundary layer flow of the physical relevance and accurate trends which are sufficient in the theory of laminar boundary layer flow. Therefore, fluid flow and heat transfer have been investigated in two types of flow geometries such as the thicker surface and the thinner surface of the bullet-shaped object. The equations for momentum and heat transfer have been transformed into a system of ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by using suitable local similarity transformations. In this dissertation, the spectral quasi-linearization method (SQLM) has been applied to solve the system of non-linear ODEs. This method helps to identify the accuracy, validity, and convergence of the present solution. It is seen that the SQLM is highly accurate, computationally efficient, and easy to implement. The investigation shows the surface thickness parameter and stretching ratio parameter have a significant effect on fluid flow and heat transfer processes and which cannot be neglected. The numerical results have been compared with the previous work, and the results reveal that the accuracy is acceptable which validating the present numerical code. The impact of various controlling parameters on velocity profile, temperature profile, skin friction, and Nusselt number have been analyzed and computed through graphs. The including parameters are the Prandtl number (Pr), Eckert Number (Ec), magnetic parameter (M), power-law index parameter (m), the suction/injection parameter (fw), mixed convection parameter (λ), heat generation parameter (Q*), stretching ratio parameter (ϵ), surface thickness parameter (s), Darcy number (Da), drag inertia coefficient (γ), unsteady parameter (A) and stream-wise coordinate (X) on the fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics. The investigation shows that in the case of a thicker bullet-shaped object the velocity profile does not approach the ambient condition asymptotically but intersects the axis with a steep angle and the boundary layer structure has no definite shape whereas in the case of a thinner bullet-shaped object the velocity profile converge the ambient condition asymptotically and the boundary layer structure has a definite shape. It is also noticed that thinner bullet-shaped object acts as good cooling conductor compared to thicker bullet-shaped object and the wall friction can be reduced much when thinner bullet-shaped object is used rather than the thicker bullet-shaped object in both types of static or moving bullet-shaped object . The correlation coefficient and the regression model have been established for the mentioned parameters. The correlation analysis represents that the stretching ratio parameter, surface thickness parameter, and drag inertia coefficient are positively correlated with the velocity gradient but the magnetic parameter, location parameter, and suction parameter are negatively correlated. Again, the temperature gradient is positively correlated with the Prandtl number, unsteady parameter, stretching ratio parameter, mixed convection parameter, and suction parameter but negatively correlated with magnetic parameter, heat generation parameter, Eckert number, drag inertia coefficient, Darcy number, and surface thickness parameter. Hence, the major outcome of the current research work shows that the thinner bullet-shaped object is suitable for fluid flow and heat transfer compared with the thicker-bullet object. The results may be useful in explaining the heat transfer rate and the skin friction in industrial sectors such as the purpose of the cooling device in nuclear reactors, automotive engineering, electronic engineering, biomedical engineering, control the cooling rate, and quality of the desired product.
Analysis of genetic polymorphisms in somaclonal variants of strawberry by RAPD markers
(Bioscience Research, 2018) Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque; Haque, Md. Samiul; Haque, M. Mahbubul; Nath, Uzzal Kumar; Khatun, Roushan Ara; Ali, Mohammad; Soh, ,EunHee; Park, Kee Woong
The understanding of the importance of dietary berries of maintaining human health has led to unrestrained increase of global strawberry crop production. The present work was conducted for molecular characterization and selection of genetically pure somaclonal variants of strawberry. For molecular characterization, RAPD (Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA) markers namely instead OPK 01, OPK-02, and OPK-03, showed good technical resolution and sufficient variations among the somaclonal variants. A total of 29 RAPD bands were scored, of which 27 (94.87%) by using these arbitrary primers were obtained by polymorphic amplification products. OPK-01 produced the number of polymorphic bands of 100-700 bp compared to OPK-02 and OPK-03. All the somaclonal variants produced polymorphic bands with three RAPD markers suggesting that the somaclonal variants were different from each other and genetic divergence were present among them. Thus, these markers could be used for comparison of the genetic relationships, determination of patterns of genetic variation, and measurement of genetic distance among the somaclonal variants of strawberry.
Are the environmental niches of Vibrio cholerae O139 different from those of Vibrio cholerae O1 El Tor
(2001) Ali, Mohammad; Emch, Michael; Yunus, Mohammad; Sack, Richard Bradley
Blending of sulphonated jute with cotton, rayon, polyester, acrylic and slik waste
(© University of Dhaka, 2025-03-19) Ali, Mohammad
Can mothers identify malnutrition in their children
(1993-06) Roy, Swapan Kumar; Rahman, M. Mujibur; Mitra, Amal Krishna; Ali, Mohammad; Alam, Ahmed Nurul; Akbar, Muhammad Serajul
“Central Processing Center (CPC)” The Back Office Processing Center For BRAC Bank Limited
(East West University, 8/22/2005) Ali, Mohammad
This report is prepared as requirement of the internship of BBA program of East 'West University. This report focuses two months working experiences ia BRAC Bank Limited Head Offrce. This report will give a clear idea about activities and operational strategies of BRAC Bank Limited; especially this report focuses on the Operating activities of the back office as well as ATM Card division. BRAC Bank Limited, one of the latest generations of commercial banks, which started its journey on the 4th of July 2001 with a vision to be the absolute market leader. BRAC bank is a commercial scheduled bank extending full range of banking facilities as per the directives of Bangladesh bank. It intends to set standards as the absolute market leader by providing efficient, friendly and modern fully automated on-line service on a profitable basis. BRAC Bank in surviving in the target banking arena through its unique and competitive products and it is the only local bank providing 100% integrated on-line banking. The Bank is mainly owned by the largest NGO in Bangladesh - BRAC. The Bank has positioned itself as a new generation Bank with a focus to meet diverse financial need a growing and developing economy. Central Processing Center {CPC) is a new concept to the Banking industry where real time back ofiices functions have been processed within prescribed SOP. Mr. Kasier Tamiz Amin, EVP And COO, has implemented this modern idea to BRAC BANK since 13th March 2003.In the very beginning a two member team was formed with young and experienced professional to conduct day-to-day processes timely, accurately and efficiently. Central Processing Center (CPC) handled primarily only Clearing Check's Process. Today Central Processing Center {CPC) consists of 11 @teven)-Member team.
Comparative Advantage, Export Diversification, Intra- Industry Trade, and Economic Growth Nexus: Evidence from Bangladesh's Textile and Clothing Industry
(American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB), 2022-07) Ali, Mohammad; H. Khan, Ziarat; Hossain, Md. Ekram
The primary goal of this research is to determine the short-term and long-term consequences of regional export growth, regional export diversification, regional intra-industry trade, and regional revealed comparative advantage on Bangladesh's GDP growth from 1990 to 2017. In the first phase, trade indices like regional export growth (EXG), regional export diversification (RED), regional intra-industry trade (RIIT), and regional revealed comparative advantage (RRCA) for Bangladesh's textile and clothing industry in the North American market were calculated based on data from the World Integrated Trade Solution (WITS) and World Trade Organization (WTO). GDP growth is used as a proxy measure for Bangladesh's overall economic development. To check the data series' stationarity, we used several unit roots tests (e.g., ADF and PP). To ensure robustness, the Johansen cointegration test, EngleGranger Causality test, and ARDL bound test approach were used. The results revealed that the variables have substantial long-run cointegration. In addition, the findings revealed that an improvement in regional export diversification, regional intra-industry trade, and regional revealed comparative advantage increase Bangladesh's GDP growth. In contrast, the increase in regional export growth hinders the GDP growth of Bangladesh in the long-run. According to the facts, Bangladesh's government and policymakers should be concerned about diversification among established product categories and the exploration of new regional markets for the country's long-term economic growth.
Compensation management practices and policies of Mutual Trust Bank
(BRAC University, 8/24/2015) Ali, Mohammad; Khan, Arifur Rahman
This report is prepared on the basis of my three-month practical experience at Mutual trust bank. Mutual trust bank is one of the leading local banks in our country. The bank has many divisions and departments but the focus is given more on the HRD. Moreover, from the all bank MTB is renowned to good HR practices. I am lucky that I got the opportunity to work in this division. This report is based on compensation system of Mutual Trust Bank how their strong and effective compensation policy increase efficiency and motivate the employees. The purpose of making this report is to identify the compensation management practices and policies of mutual trust bank. The report also consist recommendations and conclusion according to my point of view, which I think would more develop the compensation policies of the bank if implemented.
Consumers Attitude Towards Celebrity Endorsement on Advertisement
(JOBMER, 2021-04) H. Khan, Ziarat; Istihad, Shams; Ali, Mohammad
This study examined the influence of celebrity endorsed advertisement on consumer’s purchase decision. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship of the endorser’s gender, credibility, attractiveness, type (celebrity vs. non-celebrity) as well as multiple endorsements and whether celebrity endorsements affect the buying behavior of the people or whether there is a shift in their perceived behavior because of celebrity endorsements by evaluating specific independent variables of celebrities. It appears from the research findings that celebrity endorsement of advertisement does have significant influence on consumers over an advertisement that is not endorsed. This research has combined various factors as independent variable and consumers’ attitude as dependent variable to build a conceptual model, where some variables are taken from previous findings and adjusted in accordance with the local needs. All the correlation matrixes presented in the study, indicate that there is a positive relationship between the variables and consumers purchasing intentions. However, some of the variables used to explain the consumers’ attitude towards celebrity endorsement are found to be insignificant. The study suggests the marketers or companies to ensure the gender and type of the celebrity should remain the prime concern for satisfy the consumers and generate positive attitude towards the product or brand.
Conversion of Conventional Banking into lslami Banking: A Study on EXIM Bank and First Security lslami Bank
(University of Rajshahi, 2016) Hasnat, Md. Abul; Ali, Mohammad
Islamic banking is not a new concept in recent years. Now, it is well recognized and rapid growth phenomenon in the banking sector of Bangladesh. It is a banking business whose foremost duty is to establish interest free banking transactions and it is functioning in ways which reflect Islamic principles in real life. However, the emergence of Islamic banking represents a radical departure from traditional banking. The present study, therefore, aims at analyzing to compare the financial performance between conventional banking period and Islamic banking period. For this rationale, two banks converted from conventional banking into Islamic banking are selected. The study period is classified into two groups. One is for EXIM Bank where the study period was 2000-2009. And another is for First Security lslami Bank where the study period was 2004-2013. The study followed the method of documentary analysis. Depending on the nature of the study, data were collected from both primary and secondary sources. Different statistical and mathematical tools are used in the study for exploring at the relationships between the concerned variables. The discussion of comparative growth trend analysis of conventional banking period and Islamic banking period suggest that, the growth of all the indicators of financial performance are mostly higher in Islamic banking period in comparison to conventional banking period. However, the performance also appears better in conventional banking period in some cases. For the ratio analysis, four financial ratios are conducted such as profitability, liquidity, business development, and efficiency and productivity. Through this study, it is observed in the case of profitability that the EXIM Bank is profitable during conventional banking period, but the FSIBL is a profitable one in Islamic banking period. In case of liquidity ratio analysis it is observed that, both of the banks are more liquid in Islamic banking period in comparison to conventional banking period. The data of business development indicate higher asset growth, deposit and investment growth during Islamic banking period for both of the banks. Four times growth is observed in all the variables during Islamic banking period. Though the EXIM Bank is more profitable in conventional banking period and more liquid in Islamic banking period, the tools of efficiency and productivity indicate no absolute result which may be compared. And from the critical analysis of efficiency and productivity of First Security lslami Bank, it is clear that, the bank is more efficient and productive in Islamic banking period in comparison to conventional banking period. Finally, it may be concluded that, conversion of conventional banking into Islamic banking proves the positive image of Islamic banking. But the image depends on the shariah compliance of the banks. It is worth mentioning that, the base of the converted Islamic banks is mainly conventional dominant. Only conversion cannot formulate a bank complete structure of lslamisation. It is equally expected that the relevant authorities should be aware of the shariah compliance in all sorts of transactions.
Credit Performance Analysis of National Credit and Commerce Bank Limited
(Daffodil International University, 22-01-02) Ali, Mohammad
Bangladesh's banking industry is constantly extending its reach into new financial services. The banking process is being streamlined, made simpler and more accessible at the same time, which benefits the banking sector's overall performance. Banks are developing new, innovative concepts, products, and facilities to make banking simpler and more user-friendly as clients and customers expect better services and more amenities on a daily basis. All banking businesses in Bangladesh are searching for ways to provide their customers with better service in order to thrive in the fiercely competitive banking industry. Because of this, it has become crucial for everyone to have some understanding of banks and banking practices in order to handle daily operations relating to banks. The rapid changes in the global banking sector are a result of technology and globalization growth. To stay up with the pace of global development, Bangladeshi banking must continuously update its core banking operations. Private commercial banks must retain "Professionalism" in the sense of creating the necessary staff and its skills and experience to minimize the risk factor in order to thrive in the local and global competitive market. One of the most crucial challenges for the growth of a robust economy in Bangladesh is credit performance in the banking industry. Credit performance analysis and management give the bank's financial reporting the necessary market transparency. This credit performance analysis and management demonstrates how well banks are able to handle unfavorable circumstances and results. The external causes as well as the internal ones contribute to the credit performance that the banks face. Public and private banks in Bangladesh are exposed to banking credit performance as a result of aggressive banking practices made to achieve a competitive advantage. However, credit performance in bank is uncertain that surrounds the likelihood of particular behaviors. Because of this, credit performance management is held in a mandated unit known as the Credit Performance Management Unit in various banks throughout Bangladesh (CPMU).
Effect of Crop Establishment and Weed Control Method on Productivity of Transplanted aman Rice
(Weed & Turfgrass Science, 2018) Ali, Mohammad; Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque; Rahman, Md. Habibur; Ayesha, Sultana Kaniz; Hoque, Aminul; Harun-Ar-Rashid, Md.; Islam, Md. Rashidul; Park, Kee Woong
This experiment was conducted to find the most suitable crop establishment method and weed management practices for transplanted aman rice in Bangladesh. Rice variety Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI) dhan44 was used as planting materials where three crop establishment methods (T1: direct wet seeding by drum seeder; T2: hand broadcasting; T3: transplanting) and four weeding options (W1: Hand weeding (HW); W2: BRRI weeder+HW; W3: Herbicide+HW; and W4: no weeding) were tested. Among the crop establishment methods, the highest grain yield (5.12 t ha-1) was obtained with the T3, while the highest benefit cost ratio (BCR) of 2.08 was found in T2. In case of the weed management method, W1 showed superior results on the plant density/m2 (139.66) at 60 days after transplanting (DAT), grain yield (4.97 t ha-1), and BCR (2.03). On the other hand, the highest plant dry matter (36.20 g) at 60 DAT and the highest yield (6.10 t ha-1) were obtained in a T3W1 combination. The results of this study show that the productivity of rice during aman season could be most significantly increased with the use of transplanting (T3) alone, hand weeding (W1) alone, or a combination of the two methods (T3W1).
Effect of crop establishment method and N management practice on productivity of transplanted aman rice
(Bioscience Research, 2018) Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque; Ali, Mohammad; Rahman, Md. Habibur; Ayesha, Sultana Kaniz; Hoque, Aminul; Rashid, Md. Harun-Ar; Islam, Md. Rashidul; Cho, Jin-Woong; Park, Kee Woong
An experiment was conducted at the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute Regional Station, Rajshahi, Bangladesh to find the most suitable crop establishment method and best application of N management practice for transplanted aman rice. The monsoon-season rainfed rice is aman, which is planted in two ways: direct seeding in March or April and transplantation between July and August. Both types are harvested from November through December. T. aman rice variety, BRRI dhan44 was used as planting material where three crop establishment methods (T1: direct wet seeding by drum seeder, T2: hand broadcasting and T3: transplanting) and four N management practices (N1: ⅓ at 15 DAT+ ⅓ at 30 DAT +⅓ at panicle initiation (PI), N2: ¼ at basal + ¼ at 15 DAT + ¼ at 30 DAT + ¼ at PI, N3: leaf color chart (LCC) based N application, N4: no nitrogen) were tested. Among crop establishment methods, the transplanting method (T3) produced the highest plant density m-2 (143.16) and yield (5.05 t ha–1 ). Among N management practices, N2 gave the greatest yield (4.97 t ha–1 ) and the highest benefit cost ratio (1.97). Treatment combination of T3N2 at 60 DAT produced the highest plant density m-2 (152.33). Therefore, from the current study, it can be concluded that the transplanting method (T3) and N split fertilization of ¼ at basal + ¼ at 15 DAT + ¼ at 30 DAT + ¼ at PI (N2), singly or together, would be the most productive application treatments during aman season.
Functionality analysis of ecosan latrines in rural areas of Bangladesh based on environment and health aspects
(Department of Civil Engineering, 2012-09) Ali, Mohammad; Mafizur Rahman, Dr. Md.
Government of Bangladesh and other development organization are promoting the cheapest and easiest solution for sanitation, which is pit latrine and one of the main intentions is to increase sanitation coverage. As a country of flooding and high ground water table, pit latrines form a great threat for environment. It could be the best as the starting point to shift from open defecation but while considering long-term sustainability, improved technologies are essential depending on hydro-geological situation. To attain environmental and technological sustainability, concerns of developing appropriate context specific technologies and alignment of GOB’s, around forty research institutions, INGO and NGO piloted more than 1293 EcoSan toilets of various models have been constructed to achieve the solution of above problem at a limited scale. This study aimed to evaluate the suitability and potentiality of scaling up of Ecosan toilet in Bangladesh through focusing on the following aspects: (1) Socio-cultural and institutional (2) Financial and economic (3) Technology and operation (4) Environmental and health. The study carried out literature review, field observation, questionnaires interview from ecosan-user and non user, data collection, discussion with sanitation experts and finally data analysis. To evaluate the functioning performance of ecosan toilet in nine different geo-hydrological areas through a checklist was used to incorporate the ideas. According to ecosan-user more than 88% and non ecosan user more than 78% of the respondents said, “using sanitised human excreta as fertilizer is a good idea”. The same group believe that respectively 32% and 66% people of their area don’t like eco-san toilet due to religious barrier and similarly 37% and 31% people of their area believe that eco-san is not acceptable with their culture respectively. In the case of non ecoSan user 98% know about the potentiality of urine and faeces as fertilizer and 33% having a practice of using in the field. Among them only 21% don’t feel comfort of using these kind of organic fertilizer. In reality 32% female and 7% male doing the empting faeces vault job and whenever they get time both male and female (59%) of the respondents do the work regularly. There is a focus on environmental sanitation in National Sanitation Strategy (GoB, 2005) and Department of Public Health Engineering and Local Government endorsed this sanitation system and trying to replicate all over country by providing fund to local government and incorporation in government project but country don’t have yet any guideline for utilizing human urine and faeces. Within every 6 months 42%, 12 month 31% and more than 24 month 20% have to desludging to keep the latrine functional. To avoid the desludging costly work 6% household construct new latrine. Both user and non-user 97 percent agreed that eco-san toilet should be available in all household. Considering the affordability 55% user want the same option at 4000-5000BDT and 50% nonuser claim the same at the amount of 4000BDT. 16% user respondent informed that their neighbor not interested to construct ecosan toilet. More than 50% of both user and non user respondent want to buy faeces organic fertilizer with BDT 5/kg and for the case of urine fertilizer 5BDT/litre. The ‘Pay Back period’ for investment in an ecosan toilet comes to 5.09 years, i.e. the investor in the ecosan toilet gets back all his investments (BDT 11,000) within a period of just over five years but without cost sharing it will take 10.5 years. The calculated FIRR is 8.11%. The investment is worth since the present average interest rate for a commercial bank home construction loan is 7.50%. This means that the family who construct an ecosan toilet from a bank loan will be able to pay the loan if the family sells urine and soil conditioner at market value. According to both type of respondent (76%) skilled mason is locally available and around (56%) agreed that except the pan (in case of fibre glass made pan) all construction materials also locally available. Considering both management and function issue out of nine study area Chapai N.gonj (2380,1900) and Sreepur (1950, 1800) have combatively best and worst situation where as ideal situation (2000,2600). But considering the duration of using toilet Comilla Sadar has achieved the best position among all study area. In different sample the moisture content of composted faeces was found high and some specimens were found to be wet. The composted excreta of Eco-Toilets had pathogenic burden of with parasite specially that of Ascaris lumbricoides and Trichuris trichiura. Bacteriological examination revealed no pathogenic organism. Parasitological examination revealed at least one type of parasite in each of the specimens. Cyst of Entamoeba was found in all specimens with varying number. All the Entamoeba found in the specimens were not pathogenic. Ova of Ascaris were found in almost all specimens but Trichuris was found in one case. Though many of the ova were not found to be viable based on physical characteristics, but still some of them even in the dried specimen seemed to be capable of infection. It was common in both the cases of Practical Action Bangladesh and JADE that properly sun dried faeces after one month of preservation in airtight containers no parasite or few distorted parasite found. 73% respondent believes that EcoSan toilet help to reduce the diarrheal diseases and 90% people have to spend less than 100BDT/month for it but before using ecosan toilet 30% have to spend more than 400BDT/month. Different laboratory result says that the contents of heavy metals and other contaminants such as pesticide residues are generally low or very low in excreta and it is found that the presence is below or within WHO and Bangladesh standard. Mean N (0.38%), P (0.04%), and K (0.1%) found in nine urine samples and in case of faeces mean N (0.35%), P (0.48%), K (2.75%) and Organic Matter (3.20%) is found which are important elements for soil nutrient and increase the water holding capacity of soil. There is very less scope of water pollution during disaster and subsurface and underground water layer. Post latrine handling without safety gear is a common practice of the user and this keeps them under health risk. In Bangladesh context (climate, food practice, toilet types, etc), it is not yet determined the way of sanitizing properly before use of human excreta to the farm land.
Heritage Building Era Detection using CNN
(IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 2019) Hasan, Md. Samaun; Ali, Mohammad; Rahman, Mizanur; Arju, Hosne Ara; Alam, Mirza Mohtashim; Uddin, Md. Salah; Allayear, Shaikh Muhammad
The Indian subcontinent is a southern area of Asia continent which includes India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Nepal, Bhutan, Maldives, and Sri Lanka. In the different periods, different rulers had ruled in these territories such as the Sultanate period (1206–1526) and Mughal period (1526–1540, 1555–1857). In addition, various ancient and heritage structure patterns show the different historical and religious characteristics of the old civilizations. This research presents a computational method for identifying the construction period or era of old heritage building by using feature detection. We have done this experiment for the application aspect, where the tour guide is not available this application will help the tourists for knowing the construction period or era by detecting the features of old spectacular architecture. In this study, we have focused on the constructional characteristics of old architectural sites by using Canny Edge Detector method. After using the Canny Edge Detector method, we have categorized different types of features among the buildings such as Dome, Minaret or Tower, Ratna, and Front. The different eras old structure contains different characteristics of the Dome, Minaret or Tower, Ratna, and Front. Finally, we have developed a neural network based model which can identify the building's construction era of the Sultanate period and Mughal period.
Identification of Construction Era for Indian Subcontinent Ancient and Heritage Buildings by Using Deep Learning
(Scopus, 2021) Hasan, Md. Samaun; Kabir, S. Rayhan; Akhtaruzzaman, Md.; Sadeq, Muhammad Jafar; Alam, Mirza Mohtashim; Allayear, Shaikh Muhammad; Uddin, Md. Salah; Rahman, Mizanur; Forhat, Rokeya; Haque, Rafita; Arju, Hosne Ara; Ali, Mohammad
The Indian subcontinent is a south geographic part of Asia continent which consists of India, Bangladesh, Pakistan, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Nepal, and Maldives. Different rulers or the empire of different periods have built various buildings and structures in these territories like Taj Mahal (Mughal Period), Sixty Dome Mosque (Sultanate Period), etc. From archaeological perspectives, a computational approach is very essential for identifying the construction period of the old or ancient buildings. This paper represents the construction era or period identification approach for Indian subcontinent old heritage buildings by using deep learning. In this study, it has been focused on the constructional features of British (1858–1947), Sultanate (1206–1526), and Mughal (1526–1540, 1555–1857) periods’ old buildings. Four different feature detection methods (Canny Edge Detector, Hough Line Transform, Find Contours, and Harris Corner Detector) have been used for classifying three types of architectural features of old buildings, such as Minaret, Dome and Front. The different periods’ old buildings contain different characteristics of the above-mentioned three architectural features. Finally, a custom Deep Neural Network (DNN) has been developed to apply in Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) for identifying the construction era of above-mentioned old periods.