Browsing by Author "Ali, Mir Mohammad"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 22

Analysis and risk evaluation of soil microplastics in the Rohingya refugee camp area, Bangladesh: A comprehensive study
(Scopus, 2024) Hossain, Aowlad; Adham, Md. Ibrahim; Hasan, Mehedi; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Senapathi, Venkatramanan; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul
The global concern over the pollution-induced by microplastics (MPs) has intensified due to its adverse effects on the environment, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems, where it poses potential threats to soil quality and resident species. However, there is a noticeable research gap regarding soil MPs in dumping sites, specifically within the Rohingya Refugee Camp (RRC), the world's largest humanitarian crisis located in Bangladesh. The main objective of this study is to assess soil MPs' abundance, spatial distribution, and inherent risks in the RRC. The investigation involved extracting MPs from ten soil sampling sites in Kutupalong RRC, home to Rohingya refugees who sought refuge in Bangladesh following the 2017 ethnic atrocities in Northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. Stereomicroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed for identification purposes. The concentration of MPs in the study area varied from 67 to 126 (items/kg) (dry weight), with a mean concentration of 103.80 ± 20.671 (items/kg). MPs with sizes <0.5 mm constituted the majority at 83 %, with fragments (68 %) being the prevailing shape, and transparent (63 %) as the most abundant color. Predominant polymers included polyethylene (53 %) and polypropylene (46 %). Negative correlations were observed between MP abundance and pH and moisture content (p<0.05), while a positive correlation was found between MP abundance and organic matter. PCA results suggested that human-induced inappropriate waste and air deposition are the primary sources of soil MP pollution. Contamination factor values suggested moderate pollution with MPs in the study area. According to the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the area was classified as pollution grade II, signifying 'uncontaminated to moderately contaminated.' However, pollutant load index and potential ecological risk index indicated Hazard Level-I and Pollution Grade-I, respectively. This study illuminates the contamination scenario with MPs, underscoring concerns for eco-environmental safety and providing crucial data for future investigations into MPs in terrestrial dumping habitats.
Analysis and risk evaluation of soil microplastics in the Rohingya refugee camp area, Bangladesh: A comprehensive study
(Regional Studies in Marine Science, 2024-12) Hossain, Aowlad; Adham, Md. Ibrahim; Hasan, Mehedi; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Senapathi, Venkatramanan; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul
The global concern over the pollution-induced by microplastics (MPs) has intensified due to its adverse effects on the environment, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems, where it poses potential threats to soil quality and resident species. However, there is a noticeable research gap regarding soil MPs in dumping sites, specifically within the Rohingya Refugee Camp (RRC), the world's largest humanitarian crisis located in Bangladesh. The main objective of this study is to assess soil MPs' abundance, spatial distribution, and inherent risks in the RRC. The investigation involved extracting MPs from ten soil sampling sites in Kutupalong RRC, home to Rohingya refugees who sought refuge in Bangladesh following the 2017 ethnic atrocities in Northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. Stereomicroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed for identification purposes. The concentration of MPs in the study area varied from 67 to 126 (items/kg) (dry weight), with a mean concentration of 103.80 ± 20.671 (items/kg). MPs with sizes <0.5 mm constituted the majority at 83 %, with fragments (68 %) being the prevailing shape, and transparent (63 %) as the most abundant color. Predominant polymers included polyethylene (53 %) and polypropylene (46 %). Negative correlations were observed between MP abundance and pH and moisture content (p<0.05), while a positive correlation was found between MP abundance and organic matter. PCA results suggested that human-induced inappropriate waste and air deposition are the primary sources of soil MP pollution. Contamination factor values suggested moderate pollution with MPs in the study area. According to the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the area was classified as pollution grade II, signifying 'uncontaminated to moderately contaminated.' However, pollutant load index and potential ecological risk index indicated Hazard Level-I and Pollution Grade-I, respectively. This study illuminates the contamination scenario with MPs, underscoring concerns for eco-environmental safety and providing crucial data for future investigations into MPs in terrestrial dumping habitats.
Analysis and Risk Evaluation of Soil Microplastics in the Rohingya Refugee Camp Area, Bangladesh: A Comprehensive Study
(Elsevier, 2024-12-15) Hossain, Aowlad; Adham, Md. Ibrahim; Hasan, Mehedi; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Senapathi, Venkatramanan; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul
The global concern over the pollution-induced by microplastics (MPs) has intensified due to its adverse effects on the environment, particularly in terrestrial ecosystems, where it poses potential threats to soil quality and resident species. However, there is a noticeable research gap regarding soil MPs in dumping sites, specifically within the Rohingya Refugee Camp (RRC), the world's largest humanitarian crisis located in Bangladesh. The main objective of this study is to assess soil MPs' abundance, spatial distribution, and inherent risks in the RRC. The investigation involved extracting MPs from ten soil sampling sites in Kutupalong RRC, home to Rohingya refugees who sought refuge in Bangladesh following the 2017 ethnic atrocities in Northern Rakhine State, Myanmar. Stereomicroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy were employed for identification purposes. The concentration of MPs in the study area varied from 67 to 126 (items/kg) (dry weight), with a mean concentration of 103.80 ± 20.671 (items/kg). MPs with sizes <0.5 mm constituted the majority at 83 %, with fragments (68 %) being the prevailing shape, and transparent (63 %) as the most abundant color. Predominant polymers included polyethylene (53 %) and polypropylene (46 %). Negative correlations were observed between MP abundance and pH and moisture content (p<0.05), while a positive correlation was found between MP abundance and organic matter. PCA results suggested that human-induced inappropriate waste and air deposition are the primary sources of soil MP pollution. Contamination factor values suggested moderate pollution with MPs in the study area. According to the geo-accumulation index (Igeo), the area was classified as pollution grade II, signifying 'uncontaminated to moderately contaminated.' However, pollutant load index and potential ecological risk index indicated Hazard Level-I and Pollution Grade-I, respectively. This study illuminates the contamination scenario with MPs, underscoring concerns for eco-environmental safety and providing crucial data for future investigations into MPs in terrestrial dumping habitats.
Assessment of heavy metals and proximate composition in jellyfish (Lobonemoides robustus Stiasny, 1920) collected from Cox's Bazar coast: Human health risk assessment
(Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2024-09) Bhuyan, Md. Simul; Islam, Md. Tarikul; Haider, Sayeed Mahmood Belal; Yacoubi, Lamia; Khan, Mala; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Pandit, Debasish; Huda, Md. Mainul; Akter, Sheuly; Rabbi, Md. Raisul Islam; Kundu, Nayan Kumer; Hasan, Md. Mehedi; Mojumder, Istiak Ahamed; Mansour, Lamjed; Rabaoui, Lotfi Jilani
Jellyfish are known for experiencing periodic blooms in population, which occur when their density increases suddenly. The present study assessed the level of heavy metals and proximate composition in the jellyfish Lobonemoides robustus collected from Cox's Bazar coast of Bangladesh. This is the first study conducted in Bangladesh. Most of the studied metals were not possible to detect in L. robustus samples because concentrations were below the detection limit. Ca, Na, Se, and Mg were found to have safe levels in the L. robustus while the amount of Pb was recorded 0.39 ppm. The findings of Target Hazard Quotient, and Carcinogenic Risk indicate that the L. robustus is safe for human consumption (both for children and adults). Hence, it is suitable for consumption and can be exported. This study emphasizes the need for regular marine environment monitoring to ensure that the seafood harvested from these waters is safe for consumption.
Bioaccumulation and sources of metal(loid)s in fish species from a subtropical river in Bangladesh: a public health concern
(Scopus, 2024-12-07) Ali, Mir Mohammad; Kubra, Khadijatul; Alam, Edris; Mondol, Anwar Hossain; Islam, Md. Saiful; Karim, Ehsanul; Ahmed, A. S. Shafiuddin; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Malafaia, Guilherme; Ahmed, A. S. Shafiuddin; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar
Toxic metals and freshwater fish’s metalloid contamination are significant environmental concerns for overall public health. However, the bioaccumulation and sources of metal(loids) in freshwater fishes from Bangladesh still remain unknown. Thus, the As, Pb, Cd, and Cr concentrations in various freshwater fish species from the Rupsha River basin were measured, including Tenualosa ilisha, Gudusia chapra, Otolithoides pama, Setipinna phasa, Mystus vittatus, Glossogobius giuris, and Pseudeutropius atherinoides. An atomic absorption spectrophotometer was used to determine metal concentrations. The mean concentrations of metal(loids) in the fish muscle (mg/kg) were found to be As (1.53) > Pb (1.25) > Cr (0.51) > Cd (0.39) in summer and As (1.72) > Pb (1.51) > Cr (0.65) > Cd (0.49) in winter. The analyzed fish species had considerably different metal(loid) concentrations with seasonal variation, and the distribution of the metals (loids) was consistent with the normal distribution. The demersal species, M. vittatus, displayed the highest bio-accumulative value over the summer. However, in both seasons, none of the species were bio-accumulative. According to multivariate statistical findings, the research area’s potential sources of metal(loid) were anthropogenic activities linked to geogenic processes. Estimated daily intake, target hazard quotient (THQ), and carcinogenic risk (CR) were used to assess the influence of the risk on human health. The consumers’ THQs values were < 1, indicating that there were no non-carcinogenic concerns for local consumers. Both categories of customers had CRs that fell below the permissible range of 1E − 6 to 1E − 4, meaning they were not at any increased risk of developing cancer. The children’s group was more vulnerable to both carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic hazards. Therefore, the entry of metal(loids) must be regulated, and appropriate laws must be used by policymakers
Contamination and Ecological Risk Assessment of CR, As, CD and PB in Water and Sediment of the Southeastern Bay of Bengal Coast in a Developing Country
(Elsevier, 2023-12-15) Islam, Md. Saiful; Islam, Md. Towhidul; Antu, Uttam Biswas; Saikat, Md. Sadik Mahmud; Ismail, Zulhilmi; Shahid, Shamsuddin; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Al Bakky, Abdullah; Ahmed, Sujat; Ibrahim, Khalid A.; Al-Qthanin, Rahmah N.; Idris, Abubakr M.
Safe levels of heavy metals in the surface water and sediment of the eastern Bay of Bengal coast have not been universally established. Current study characterized heavy metals such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) in surface water and sediments of the most important fishing resource at the eastern Bay of Bengal coast, Bangladesh. Both water and sediment samples were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer. Considering both of the seasons, the mean concentrations of Cr, As, Cd, and Pb in water samples were 33.25, 8.14, 0.48, and 21.14 μg/L, respectively and in sediment were 30.47, 4.48, 0.20, and 19.98 mg/kg, respectively. Heavy metals concentration in water samples surpassed the acceptable limits of usable water quality, indicating that water from this water resource is not safe for drinking, cooking, bathing, and any other uses. Enrichment factors also directed minor enrichment of heavy metals in sediment of the coast. Other indexes for ecological risk assessment such as pollution load index (PLI), contamination factor (CF), geoaccumulation index (Igeo), modified contamination degree (mCd), and potential ecological risk index (PERI) also indicated that sediment of the coastal watershed was low contamination. In-depth inventorying of heavy metals in both water and sediment of the study area are required to determine ecosystem health for holistic risk assessment and management.
Effects of Microplastic and Heavy Metals on Coral Reefs
(Elsevier, 2023-11-19) Islam, Md Saiful; Islam, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul; Ismail, Zulhilmi; Ahmed, Md Kawser; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Kabir, Md Humayun; Ibrahim, Khalid A.; Al-Qthanin, Rahmah N.; Idris, Abubakr M.
In the modern world, plastic trash has been recognized as a global issue, and studies on microplastics (MPs) in the marine and inland environments have previously been conducted. Marine ecosystems act as a bio-diverse ecosystem where coral reefs contribute to make a sound living of the coastal people by gathering natural resources. The current study indicates that MPs and heavy metals (HMs) accumulation to biofilm and organic matter through sedimentation, precipitation, adsorption, and desorption that may have potential effect on growth and development of coral reefs in the marine ecosystems. However, the knowledge of distribution, impact, mechanism, degradation, and association mechanisms between MPs and HMs in the natural environment may open a new window for conducting analytical research from an ecological viewpoint. The current study thus summarizes the types of marine samples with the analytical techniques, polymers of MPs, and their impact on corals and other marine biota. This study also identifies existing knowledge gaps and recommends fresh lines of inquiry in light of recent developments in MPs and HMs research on the marine ecosystems. Overall, the present study suggests a sustainable intervention for reducing MPs and HMs from the marine ecosystems by demonstrating their existence in water, sediment, fish, corals, and other biota, and their impending ecotoxicological impacts on the environment and human health. The impacts of MPs and HMs on coral reefs are critically assessed in this study in light of the most recent scientific knowledge, existing laws, and new suggestions to minimize their contamination in the marine ecosystems.
Heavy metal and mineral analysis of cultivated seaweeds from Cox’s Bazar Coast, Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh: a human health risk implication
(Discover Oceans, 2024-06-24) Bhuyan, Md. Simul; Kunda, Mrityunjoy; Bakar, Muhammad Abu; Senapathi, Venkatramanan; Husain, Sk. Abid; Chowdhury, Enam; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Pandit, Debasish
Seaweeds are grown for their use in food and other sectors, however heavy metals (HMs) contamination raises serious issues for the environment and public health. This study focuses on seaweed samples (Hypnea musciformes and Gracilaria lemaneiformis) collected from the Rezu Khal seaweed culture site, Cox’s Bazar coast, Bangladesh. HMs and minerals were determined using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS). Among the elements examined, H. musciformes displayed the highest mean concentrations of minerals and HMs, including Magnesium (Mg) (8663.00 ±2302.06 mg/kg), Copper (Cu) (10.59±1.61 mg/kg), Iron (Fe) (7566.29±2842.47 mg/kg), Manganese (Mn) (9.93±2.88 mg/kg), Zinc (Zn) (29.54±7.51 mg/kg), and Nickel (Ni) (11.77±2.63 mg/kg). Conversely, G. lemaneiformis exhibited the highest levels of Calcium (Ca) (798.14±143.40 mg/kg), Lead (Pb) (3.91±1.74 mg/kg), and Chromium (Cr) (0.59±0.30 mg/kg). Specifically, Mg was prominently abundant in H. musciformes, while Cawas more prevalent in G. lemaneiformis. Both seaweed types contained Pb and Cr. None of the elements was significantly different between the species (p <0.05). The consumers are not exposed to any carcinogenic or non-carcinogenic risks related to these concentrations, according to the evaluation of carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks.
Heavy Metals in Popularly Sold Branded Cigarettes in Bangladesh and Associated Health Hazards from Inhalation Exposure
(Springer Nature, 2023-08-29) Hasan, Mehedi; Hossain, Md Moazzem; Abrarin, Shaifa; Kormoker, Tapos; Billah, Md Masum; Bhuiyan, Md Khurshid Alam; Akbor, Md Ahedul; Salam, Sayed M A; Khan, Rahat; Naher, Kamrun; Salam, Mohammed Abdus; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Rahman, Md Mostafizur; Emran, Talha Bin; Mahmoud, Z.; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Siddique, Md Abu Bakar
Tobacco products are widely recognized as a major contributor to death. Cigarette smoke contains several toxic chemicals including heavy metals particulate causing high health risks. However, limited information has been available on the health risks associated with the heavy metals in cigarettes commonly sold in the Bangladeshi market. This study evaluated the concentrations and potential health risks posed by ten concerned heavy metals in ten widely consumed cigarette brands in Bangladesh using an atomic absorption spectrometer. The concentration (mg/kg) ranges of heavy metals Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Co, Ni, Mn, Fe, Cu, and Zn vary between 0.46–1.05, 0.55–1.03, 0.80–1.2, 0.22–0.40, 0.46–0.78, 2.59–3.03, 436.8–762.7, 115.8–184.4, 146.6–217.7, and 34.0–42.7, respectively. We assume that the heavy metals content among cigarette brands is varied due to the differences in the source of tobacco they use for cigarette preparation. The carcinogenic risks posed by heavy metals follow the order of Cr > Co > Cd > As > Ni > Pb, while the non-carcinogenic risks for Cu, Zn, Fe, and Mn were greater than unity (HQ > 1), except for Fe. The existence of toxic heavy metals in cigarette tobacco may thus introduce noticeable non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health impacts accompanying inhalation exposure. This study provides the first comprehensive report so far on heavy metal concentration and associated health risks in branded cigarettes commonly sold in Bangladesh. Hence, this data and the information provided can serve as a baseline as well as a reference for future research and have potential implications for policy and legislation in Bangladesh.
Impact of anthropogenic activities and the associated heavy metal pollution in Sundarbans waterways: threats to commercial fish and human health
(2024) Anik, Amit Hasan; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Islam, Md. Saiful; Reza, Abu; Islam, Md. Towfiqul; Saha, Shantanu Kumar; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar
The exposure of fish to heavy metals is a significant concern for human health and natural ecosystems. Despite being a critical issue, the extent of contamination in tropical fish from developing countries like Bangladesh remains somewhat unexplored. In this study, ten economically vital fish species (Osteogeneiosus militaris, Arius gagora, Har‑ padon nehereus, Mugil ephalus, Pseudapocryptes elongates, Apocryptes bato, Labeo bata, Tenualosa toil, Notopterus notopterus, and Pampus chinensis) from the Pasur River, Bangladesh, were analyzed by atomic absorption spectrometer for the concentrations of four concerned heavy metals, viz., As, Cr, Cd, and Pb, and the associated human health risks. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) followed the order of As (3.30±1.43)>Pb (2.32±0.73)>Cr (0.63±0.29)>Cd (0.37±0.24). Additionally, the bioaccumulation factor of the metals in the investigated fish species followed a decreasing trend of As (824.75)>Cr (781.25)>Cd (744)>Pb (385.83). While most species fell below the minimum bioaccumulation line, a few exceptions were noted for some species specific to metals. Health risk assessments indicated no significant carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks for both children and adults, although children exhibited greater vulnerability to both types of health effects. Multivariate analysis and local perceptions supported the conclusion that heavy metals primarily originated from anthropogenic sources related to development activities adjacent to the riverine areas.
Managing the Invisible Threat of Microplastics in Marine Ecosystems: Lessons From Coast of the Bay of Bengal
(IEEE, 2023-09-01) Mubin, Al-Nure; Arefin, Shahoriar; Mia, Md. Sonir; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Bari, A.B.M. Mainul; Islam, Md. Saiful; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Rahman, M. Safiur; Senapathi, Venkatramanan; Idris, Abubakr M.; Malafaia, Guilherme
Invisible microplastics (MP) have become a significant problem worldwide in recent years. Although many studies have highlighted the sources, effects, and fate of MPs pollution on various ecosystems in developed countries, there is limited information on MPs in the marine ecosystem along the northeastern coast of the Bay of Bengal (BoB). Coastal ecosystems along the BoB coasts are critical to a biodiverse ecology that supports human survival and resource extraction. However, the multi-environmental hotspots, ecotoxicity effects, transport mechanisms, fates, and intervention measures to control MP pollution initiatives along the BoB coasts have received little attention. Therefore, this review aims to highlight the multi-environmental hotspots, ecotoxicity effects, sources, fates, and intervention measures of MP in the northeastern BoB to understand how MP spreads in the nearshore marine ecosystem. This study critically evaluates the hotspots and ecotoxic effects of pollution from MP on the coastal multi-environment, e.g., soil, sediment, salt, water, and fish, as well as current intervention measures and additional mitigation recommendations. This study identified the northeastern part of the BoB as a hotspot for MP. In addition, the transport mechanisms and fate of MP in different environmental compartments are highlighted, as are research gaps and potential future research areas. Research on the ecotoxic effects of MP on BoB marine ecosystems must be a top priority, given the increasing use of plastics and the presence of significant marine products worldwide. The knowledge gained from this study would inform decision-makers and stakeholders in a way that could reduce the impact of the legacy of micro- and nanoplastics in the area. This study also proposes structural and non-structural measures to mitigate the effects of MPs and promote sustainable management.
Microplastics contamination through a mighty estuarine island: Distribution, influencing factors, and risk assessment
(2024-12-20) Arefin, Shahoriar; Md. Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza; Hasan, Mehedi; Mubin, Al-Nure; Alinur Rahman, Md.; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Siddique, Md Abu Bakar; Abdo, Hazem Ghassan; Idris, Abubakr M.; Pal, Subodh chandra; Malafaia, Guilherme; Senapathi, Venkatramanan
The global concern over microplastic (MP) contamination in diverse ecosystems is well-established, yet Nijhum Dwip Island (NDI), known for its ecological diversity, has not undergone a comprehensive study addressing the extent of MP pollution. This research aims to evaluate the spatial distribution, influencing factors, and ecological risks of MPs in both sediment and surface water surrounding NDI, situated in the Northern Bay of Bengal. A meticulous collection of 40 sediment and 40 tidal water samples from various sites facilitated a detailed analysis. The mean abundance of MPs in sediment was 138.39 ± 34.15 pieces/kg, while in water, it was 72.83 ± 30.76 pieces/m³. Various shapes observed on NDI included films, fragments, fibers, and foams, with fragments dominating in sediment (64.05 %) and water (61.51 %). Analysis of FTIR spectra identified two primary polymer types, namely polyethylene (PE) at 57 % and polypropylene (PP) at 40 %. The results indicated elevated pollution levels on NDI, with sediment and water pollution load index measuring 1.32 and 2.01, respectively, signifying significant MP contamination in both compartments. Given the island's rare biodiversity, the vicinity of wastewater sewages, anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric deposition, could be behind MP contamination in water and sediments. No strong correlation between MP and physiochemical properties in water and PCA biplots showed their similar distribution, whereas MP abundances in sediment were significantly correlated with pH and organic matter (p<0.05), signifying a pivotal role in transporting MPs in the aquatic environment. Two canonical variables were identified as important by canonical correlation analysis, demonstrating the interdependence of MP contamination at the sample sites. This research contributes to better insights into the occurrence of MP in the rare islands, which are ecosystems that have been hardly examined for this type of pollution, and it can report sustainable interventions to lessen MP inputs to the Bay of Bengal.
Microplastics contamination through a mighty estuarine island: Distribution, influencing factors, and risk assessment
(Regional Studies in Marine Science, Elsevier, 2024-12-20) Arefin, Shahoriar; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Hasan, Mehedi; Mubin, Al-Nure; Rahman, Md. Alinur; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Siddique, Md Abu Bakar; Abdo, Hazem Ghassan; Idris, Abubakr M.; Pal, Subodh chandra; Malafaia, Guilherme; Senapathi, Venkatramanan
The global concern over microplastic (MP) contamination in diverse ecosystems is well-established, yet Nijhum Dwip Island (NDI), known for its ecological diversity, has not undergone a comprehensive study addressing the extent of MP pollution. This research aims to evaluate the spatial distribution, influencing factors, and ecological risks of MPs in both sediment and surface water surrounding NDI, situated in the Northern Bay of Bengal. A meticulous collection of 40 sediment and 40 tidal water samples from various sites facilitated a detailed analysis. The mean abundance of MPs in sediment was 138.39 ± 34.15 pieces/kg, while in water, it was 72.83 ± 30.76 pieces/m³. Various shapes observed on NDI included films, fragments, fibers, and foams, with fragments dominating in sediment (64.05 %) and water (61.51 %). Analysis of FTIR spectra identified two primary polymer types, namely polyethylene (PE) at 57 % and polypropylene (PP) at 40 %. The results indicated elevated pollution levels on NDI, with sediment and water pollution load index measuring 1.32 and 2.01, respectively, signifying significant MP contamination in both compartments. Given the island's rare biodiversity, the vicinity of wastewater sewages, anthropogenic activities, and atmospheric deposition, could be behind MP contamination in water and sediments. No strong correlation between MP and physiochemical properties in water and PCA biplots showed their similar distribution, whereas MP abundances in sediment were significantly correlated with pH and organic matter (p<0.05), signifying a pivotal role in transporting MPs in the aquatic environment. Two canonical variables were identified as important by canonical correlation analysis, demonstrating the interdependence of MP contamination at the sample sites. This research contributes to better insights into the occurrence of MP in the rare islands, which are ecosystems that have been hardly examined for this type of pollution, and it can report sustainable interventions to lessen MP inputs to the Bay of Bengal.
Microplastics in sediment and surface water from an island ecosystem in Bay of Bengal
(2024-01-15) Mia, Md. Sonir; Md. Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Pal, Subodh Chandra; Idris, Abubakr M.; Senapathi, Venkatramanan
Microplastics (MPs) have garnered global attention as emerging pollutants in aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. Despite their significance, studies on MP pollution have overlooked a biodiverse island ecosystem in the northeast Bay of Bengal. Hence, the current study is a pioneering effort to delve into this issue with the island. This research embodies the first comprehensive report exploring the presence of MP pollution in sediment and surface water and their influencing factors along Sandwip island in the northeast Bay of Bengal. The average MP concentration was 305 ± 37.16 (items/kg) in sediment and 106.14 ± 22.57 (items/m3) in surface water. Fragments emerged as the predominant type in sediment (78.77%) and surface water (54.64%) samples. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy identified three plastic polymers, the most abundant being polyethylene (56%) and polypropylene (41%). Anthropogenic activities, particularly fishing practices, improper waste disposal, and inadequate waste management strategies, were pinpointed as potential sources of MP contamination on the island. MP concentrations in water and sediment correlated positively with pH and organic matter (p < 0.000), indicating important factors influencing MP distribution. The spatial distribution and hotspots of MPs followed significant human routes. By shedding light on the extent of MPs' presence and their potential sources, this study contributes essential insights that can inform effective environmental management strategies for the island's future well-being.
Oxygen Declination in the Coastal Ocean over the Twenty-first Century: Driving Forces, Trends, and Impacts
(Elsevier, 2024-01-09) Bhuiyan, Md Mesbah Uddin; Rahman, Mahfuzur; Naher, Samsun; Shahed, Zahid Hasan; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Md, Abu Reza; Islam, Towfiqul
Oxygen declination in coastal oceans has accelerated drastically in recent decades, both in terms of severity and spatial extent, and such disappearance of oxygen leads to dead zones where life can't survive. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to nutrient pollution and climate change due to intensified anthropogenic activities. The annual statistical oxygen mean concentrations showed the current deoxygenation trends based on (WOA_2001–2018) data comparison of 200 m below the surface water from the first two decades of the 21st century. A relatively similar significant oxygen loss of 0.5–3 ml/L was indicated in the first decade (2001–2009) over the water of continental shelves (200 m) in the tropical oceans and the areas of subtropical Pacific, Atlantic, and southern Indian oceans gradually started to fall from their moderate oxygen concentrations 4–5 ml/L between 2005 and 2009. Consequently, in the next decade (2013–2018), the negative oxygen trend persisted at a similar depth in the global oceans, and its expansion to more regions suggested that this trend of oxygen loss will continue in the future. This is a serious threat that has to be made more widely known since declines in oxygen levels in coastal oceans could have a wide range of negative impact on marine life, biogeochemical cycles, coastal habitats, economies that run on the sea, and ultimately humans. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and put into practice management alternatives in order to lessen the effects of continuous deoxygenation on marine life and the supply of services by marine ecosystems.
Oxygen declination in the coastal ocean over the twenty-first century: Driving forces, trends, and impacts
(2024-06-29) Bhuiyan, Md Mesbah Uddin; Rahman, Mahfuzur; Naher, Samsun; Shahed, Zahid Hasan; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Md Towfiqul Islam, Abu Reza
Oxygen declination in coastal oceans has accelerated drastically in recent decades, both in terms of severity and spatial extent, and such disappearance of oxygen leads to dead zones where life can't survive. This phenomenon is mainly attributed to nutrient pollution and climate change due to intensified anthropogenic activities. The annual statistical oxygen mean concentrations showed the current deoxygenation trends based on (WOA_2001–2018) data comparison of 200 m below the surface water from the first two decades of the 21st century. A relatively similar significant oxygen loss of 0.5–3 ml/L was indicated in the first decade (2001–2009) over the water of continental shelves (200 m) in the tropical oceans and the areas of subtropical Pacific, Atlantic, and southern Indian oceans gradually started to fall from their moderate oxygen concentrations 4–5 ml/L between 2005 and 2009. Consequently, in the next decade (2013–2018), the negative oxygen trend persisted at a similar depth in the global oceans, and its expansion to more regions suggested that this trend of oxygen loss will continue in the future. This is a serious threat that has to be made more widely known since declines in oxygen levels in coastal oceans could have a wide range of negative impact on marine life, biogeochemical cycles, coastal habitats, economies that run on the sea, and ultimately humans. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate and put into practice management alternatives in order to lessen the effects of continuous deoxygenation on marine life and the supply of services by marine ecosystems.
Pollution Trends and Ecological Risks of Heavy Metal(loid)s in Coastal Zones of Bangladesh
(Elsevier, 2023-06-04) Jannat, Jannatun Nahar; Mia, Md. Yousuf; Jion, Most. Mastura Munia Farjana; Islam, Md. Saiful; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Rakib, Md. Refat Jahan; Ibrahim, Sobhy M.; Pal, Subodh Chandra; Costache, Romulus; Islam, Abu Reza Md Towfiqul
Heavy metal(loid)s inputs contribute to human and environmental stresses in the coastal zones of Bangladesh. Several studies have been conducted on metal(loid)s pollution in sediment, soil, and water in the coastal zones. However, they are sporadic, and no attempt has been made in coastal zones from the standpoint of chemometric review. The current work aims to provide a chemometric assessment of the pollution trend of metal(loid)s, namely arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and nickel (Ni) in sediments, soils, and water across the coastal zones from 2015 to 2022. The findings showed that 45.7, 15.2, and 39.1 % of studies on heavy metal(loid)s were concentrated in the eastern, central, and western zones of coastal Bangladesh. The obtained data were further modeled using chemometric approaches, such as the contamination factor, pollution load index, geoaccumulation index, degree of contamination, Nemerow's pollution index, and ecological risk index. The results revealed that metal(loid)s, primarily Cd, have severely polluted the sediments (contamination factor, CF = 5.20) and soils (CF = 9.35) of coastal regions. Water was moderately polluted (Nemerow's pollution index, =5.22 ± 6.26) in the coastal area. The eastern zone was the most polluted compared to other zones, except for a few observations in the central zone. The overall ecological risks posed by metal(loid)s highlighted the significant ecological risk in sediments (ecological risk index, RI = 123.50) and soils (RI = 238.93) along the eastern coast. The coastal zone may have higher pollution levels due to the proximity of industrial effluent, residential sewage discharge, agricultural activities, sea transport, metallurgical industries, shipbreaking and recycling operations, and seaport activities, which are the major sources of metal(loid)s. This study will provide useful information to the relevant authorities and serve as the foundation for future management and policy decisions to reduce metal(loid) pollution in the coastal zones of southern Bangladesh.
Sources and Impacts of Microplastic on the World’s Longest Sea Beach of the Bay of Bengal Coasts: A Review on Microplastic Management
(Taylor & Francis, 2024-05-28) Islam, Md. Saiful; Hossin, Md. Shahin; Uddin, Md. Rafiq; Islam, Md. Towhidul; Antu, Uttam Biswas; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Hasan, Mahmudul; Hossain, Md. Tanvir bin; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Ismail, Zulhilmi; Ahmed, Sujat; Bakky, Abdullah Al; Idris, Abubakr M.
The toxic impact of microplastics (MPs) in the terrestrial and aquatic environment has recently become a global problem. The Bay of Bengal coasts is an important bio-diverse ecosystem, which help the people for their sound living and gather natural resources. However, the distribution, impact, source and transport mechanism, and policy to take initiatives for MPs pollution control at the Bay of Bengal coasts' have received less attention. Therefore, this review summarizes MPs' distribution and their source in the Bay of Bengal coasts' ecosystems. Current knowledge extends the impacts of MP on this vital ecosystem, existing policy, and further recommendations to mitigate MPs contamination are critically assessed in this study. Furthermore, mechanisms of MP on human health are also highlighted with the identification of current research gaps and future study suggestions. Given the escalating plastic usage and the prevalence of important sea products globally, there is a pressing need to prioritize research efforts on the impacts of MPs on the Bay of Bengal coasts from a long-term perspective. Knowledge obtained in this way would inform the scientists, stakeholders, and policy makers in such a way as to help them mitigate impacts of the micro- and nano-plastic legacy at this region.
The Novel Study On Arsenic Contamination, Health Risk, and Approaches to Its Mitigation From Water Resource of a Developing Country: A potential review
(Water Air Soil Pollut, 2024-11-02) Islam, Md.Saiful; Bakky, Abdullah Al; Reza, Abu; Islam, Md. Towiqul; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Islam, Md. Towhidul; Ismail, Zulhilmi; Hossain, Md. Tanvir bin; Ahmed, Sujat; Ibrahim, Khalid A.; Idris, Abubakr M.
The pollution and contamination by arsenic (As) in the water resources is a worldwide concern due to its adverse toxic effects on the environment and public health. The current study aimed to investigate arsenic levels in the groundwater system with the possible health risk, and sustainable mitigation strategies. The data on arsenic in the water system were collected from the Web of Science and Scopus databases. The published data showed that arsenic concentration (0.0002–19.0 mg/kg) in the water system in Bangladesh was higher than the permissible standards and data from other countries, indicating severe contamination of water resources by arsenic. The study concluded that the water resource in Bangladesh is not safe for human consumption. The review has also identified the research gaps in various strategies for controlling the arsenic problem and their impact on the ecosystems. The present study suggested future research directions on sustainable intervention, impacts assessment of arsenic on humans, and formulating existence policy that helps to combat arsenic contamination.
The Path of Microplastics Through the Rare Biodiversity Estuary Region of the Northern Bay of Bengal
(Elsevier, 2024-01-20) Mubin, Al-Nure; Islam, Abu Reza Md. Towfiqul; Hasan, Mehedi; Islam, Md. Saiful; Ali, Mir Mohammad; Siddique, Md. Abu Bakar; Alam, Md. Sha; Rakib, Md. Refat Jahan; Islam, Muhammad Saiful; Momtaz, Nasima; Senapathi, Venkatramanan; Idris, Abubakr M.; Malafaia, Guilherme
Due to its harmful effects on ecosystems and human health, microplastic (MP) pollution has become a significant environmental problem on a global scale. Although MPs' pollution path and toxic effects on marine habitats have been examined worldwide, the studies are limited to the rare biodiversity estuary region of Hatiya Island from the northern Bay of Bengal. This study aimed to investigate the MP pollution path and its influencing factors in estuarine sediments and water in rare biodiversity Hatiya Island in the northern Bay of Bengal. Sixty water and sediment samples were collected from 10 sampling sites on the Island and analyzed for MPs. The abundance of MPs in sediment ranged from 67 to 143 pieces/kg, while the abundance in water ranged from 24.34 to 59 pieces/m3. The average concentrations of MPs in sediment and water were 110.90 ± 20.62 pieces/kg and 38.77 ± 10.09 pieces/m3, respectively. Most identified MPs from sediment samples were transparent (51%), while about 54.1% of the identified MPs from water samples were colored. The fragment was the most common form of MP in both compartments, with a value of 64.6% in sediment samples and 60.6% in water samples. In sediment and water samples, almost 74% and 80% of MP were <0.5 mm, respectively. Polypropylene (PP) was the most abundant polymer type, accounting for 51% of all identified polymers. The contamination factor, pollution load index, polymer risk score, and pollution risk score values indicated that the study area was moderately polluted with MPs. The spatial distribution patterns and hotspots of MPs echoed profound human pathways. Based on the results, sustainable management strategies and intervention measures were proposed to reduce the pollution level in the ecologically diverse area. This study provides important insights into evaluating estuary ecosystem susceptibility and mitigation policies against persistent MP issues.