Browsing by Author "Alhumaydhi, Fahad A."

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Biogenic Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Rhazya stricta Extracts and Evaluation of Its Biological Activities
(Daffodil International University, 2022-07-21) Bawazeer, Sami; Rauf, Abdur; Emran, Talha Bin; Aljohani, Abdullah S. M.; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Khan, Zidan; Ahmad, Laiba; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Muhammad, Naveed; Sharma, Rohit; Maalik, Aneela; Khan, Ibrahim
Rhazya stricta is a well-known medicinal plant and source of numerous potential secondary metabolites including steroids, alkaloids, and tannins. R. stricta possesses multimedical applications and used for curing of various diseases such as inflammation, diabetes, sore throat, infectious, helminthiasis, arthritis, and cancer. The current investigation deals with synthesizing AgNPs using aqueous and ethanol extracts of R. stricta. The synthesized R. stricta-AgNPs were characterized through UV-visible, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) methods. The UV-visible analysis exhibited a characteristic absorption at 475 nm in R. stricta ethanol AgNPs while this peak was absent in R. stricta aqueous crude extract. The thermal stability of R. stricta-AgNPs demonstrated that by increasing the reduction time and temperature, the absorption of AgNPs also increased, leading to more stable NPs formation. The FTIR spectra showed a broad peak at 450-550 cm-1 that confirmed the occurrence of AgNPs of R. stricta. The AFM study of the synthesized AgNPs revealed the spherical shape and size ranging from 30 nm to 90 nm. In antioxidant and antibacterial study, the R. stricta-AgNPs exhibited good antioxidant activity (87.94% and 88.37%) than the ethanol crude extract (50.00% and 56.81%) at 100 μg/mL using DPPH assay. Maximum antibacterial activity was recorded against Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus), which was 15 and 0 mm, while against Gram-negative bacteria (Klebsiella pneumonia) was found to be 16 and 14 mm, respectively, whereas against Bacillus subtills, a poor activity was recorded as 14 for extract and 0 mm for AgNPs, respectively. In the acetic acid-induced writhing model, the percent effect of extract (100 mg/kg) and AgNPs (15 mg/kg) was 79.98 and 83.23, respectively. The maximum muscle coordination effect of extracts in the inclined plan and traction test was 44% and 38% at higher doses. A mild sedative effect was also recorded against extract and AgNPs. The significant () effect of extract was noted at 100 mg/kg while AgNPs was more significant () at the tested dose of 15 mg/kg. These findings have concluded that R. stricta-AgNPs is an effective bioreductant of AgNPs synthesis and exhibit several applications in distinctive biomedical and pharmaceutical industries.
Chemopreventive Potential of Dietary Nanonutraceuticals for
(Daffodil International University, 2022-07-12) Chopra, Hitesh; Bibi, Shabana; Goyal, Rajat; Gautam, Rupesh K.; Trivedi, Rashmi; Upadhyay, Tarun Kumar; Mujahid, Mohd Hasan; Shah, Mohammad Ajmal; Haris, Muhammad; Khot, Kartik Bhairu; Gopan, Gopika; Singh, Inderbir; Kim, Jin Kyu; Jose, Jobin; Abdel-Daim, Mohamed M.; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Kim, Bonglee
There are more than two hundred fifty different types of cancers, that are diagnosed around the world. Prostate cancer is one of the suspicious type of cancer spreading very fast around the world, it is reported that in 2018, 29430 patients died of prostate cancer in the United State of America (USA), and hence it is expected that one out of nine men diagnosed with this severe disease during their lives. Medical science has identified cancer at several stages and indicated genes mutations involved in the cancer cell progressions. Genetic implications have been studied extensively in cancer cell growth. So most efficacious drug for prostate cancer is highly required just like other severe diseases for men. So nutraceutical companies are playing major role to manage cancer disease by the recommendation of best natural products around the world, most of these natural products are isolated from plant and mushrooms because they contain several chemoprotective agents, which could reduce the chances of development of cancer and protect the cells for further progression. Some nutraceutical supplements might activate the cytotoxic chemotherapeutic effects by the mechanism of cell cycle arrest, cell differentiation procedures and changes in the redox states, but in other, it also elevate the levels of effectiveness of chemotherapeutic mechanism and in results, cancer cell becomes less reactive to chemotherapy. In this review, we have highlighted the prostate cancer and importance of nutraceuticals for the control and management of prostate cancer, and the significance of nutraceuticals to cancer patients during chemotherapy.
Development of Microneedle Patch Loaded with Bacopa monnieri Solid Lipid Nanoparticles for the Effective Management of Parkinson's Disease
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-10) Joy, Delna; Jose, Jobin; Bibi, Shabana; Bandiwadekar, Akshay; Gopan, Gopika; Lima, Clara Mariana Gonçalves; Emran, Talha Bin; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Ashtekar, Harsha; D. S, Sandeep; Conte-Junior, Carlos Adam
The demand for drug delivery systems (DDS) to treat Parkinson’s disease (PD) is still high, and microneedle (MN) assisted transdermal DDS offers enormous potential. Herbal products for PD have been shown to have antioxidant effects in reducing dopaminergic neurons from degeneration. Here, we attempted to incorporate solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) of Bacopa monnieri into dissolvable microneedle arrays and evaluate its neuroprotective activity. The bloodless and painless microneedle arrays through the transdermal route deliver the drug across the blood-brain barrier at the desired concentration. The quality by design (QbD) approach was employed for optimizing the SLNs formulations. The mechanical strength, in vitro release studies, ex-vivo permeation investigation, skin irritation test, histopathological studies, biochemical studies, and behavioural tests SLNs loaded microneedle arrays were performed. The microneedle patches obtained were shown to be mechanically robust and were also found to be nonirritant with a decreased degree of bradykinesia, high motor coordination, and balance ability. Compared to systemic delivery systems, such an MN method can achieve a considerably lower effective dose and allow long-term home-based treatment.
Development of New Bioactive Molecules To Treat Breast and Lung Cancer with Natural Myricetin and Its Derivatives
(Daffodil International University, 22-09-27) Akash, Shopnil; Kumer, Ajoy; Rahman, Md. Mominur; Emran, Talha Bin; Sharma, Rohit; Singla, Rajeev K.; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Park, Moon Nyeo; Idris, Abubakr M.; Wilairatana, Polrat; Kim, Bonglee
Each biopharmaceutical research and new drug development investigation is targeted at discovering novel and potent medications for managing specific ailments. Thus, to discover and develop new potent medications, it should be performed sequentially or step by step. This is because drug development is a lengthy and risky work that requires significant money, resources, and labor. Breast and lung cancer contributes to the death of millions of people throughout the world each year, according to the report of the World Health Organization, and has been a public threat worldwide, although the global medical sector is developed and updated day by day. However, no proper treatment has been found until now. Therefore, this research has been conducted to find a new bioactive molecule to treat breast and lung cancer-such as natural myricetin and its derivatives-by using the latest and most authentic computer-aided drug-design approaches. At the beginning of this study, the biological pass prediction spectrum was calculated to select the target protein. It is noted that the probability of active (Pa) score is better in the antineoplastic (Pa: 0.788-0.938) in comparison with antiviral (Pa: 0.236-0.343), antibacterial (Pa: 0.274-0.421), and antifungal (Pa: 0.226-0.508). Thus, cancerous proteins, such as in breast and lung cancer, were picked up, and the computational investigation was continued. Furthermore, the docking score was found to be -7.3 to -10.4 kcal/mol for breast cancer (standard epirubicin hydrochloride, -8.3 kcal/mol), whereas for lung cancer, the score was -8.2 to -9.6 kcal/mol (standard carboplatin, -5.5 kcal/mol). The docking score is the primary concern, revealing that myricetin derivatives have better docking scores than standard chemotherapeutic agents epirubicin hydrochloride and carboplatin. Finally, drug-likeness, ADME, and toxicity prediction were fulfilled in this investigation, and it is noted that all the derivatives were highly soluble in a water medium, whereas they were totally free from AMES toxicity, hepatotoxicity, and skin sensitization, excluding only ligands 1 and 7. Thus, we proposed that the natural myricetin derivatives could be a better inhibitor for treating breast and lung cancer.
Diallyl Disulfide
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-12) Mitra, Saikat; Das, Rajib; Emran, Talha Bin; Labib, Rafiuddin Khan; -E-Tabassum, Noor; Islam, Fahadul; Sharma, Rohit; Ahmad, Islamudin; Nainu, Firzan; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Chandran, Deepak; Capasso, Raffaele; Wilairatana, Polrat
Cancer is a life-threatening disease caused by the uncontrolled division of cells, which culminates in a solid mass of cells known as a tumor or liquid cancer. It is the leading cause of mortality worldwide, and the number of cancer patients has been increasing at an alarming rate, with an estimated 20 million cases expected by 2030. Thus, the use of complementary or alternative therapeutic techniques that can help prevent cancer has been the subject of increased attention. Garlic, the most widely used plant medicinal product, exhibits a wide spectrum of biological activities, including antibacterial, hypo-lipidemic, antithrombotic, and anticancer effects. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is a major organosulfur compound contained within garlic. Recently, several experimental studies have demonstrated that DADS exhibits anti-tumor activity against many types of tumor cells, including gynecological cancers (cervical cancer, ovarian cancer), hematological cancers (leukemia, lymphoma), lung cancer, neural cancer, skin cancer, prostate cancer, gastrointestinal tract and associated cancers (esophageal cancer, gastric cancer, colorectal cancer), hepatocellular cancer cell line, etc. The mechanisms behind the anticancer action of DADS include epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), invasion, and migration. This article aims to review the available information regarding the anti-cancer potential of DADS, as well as summarize its mechanisms of action, bioavailability, and pharmacokinetics from published clinical and toxicity studies.
Evaluation of Antidiabetic Activity of Oxadiazole Derivative in Rats
(Europe Pub Med Central, 2023-05-25) Qazi, Adil Iqbal; Ahmad, Bashir; Sahibzada, Muhammad Umar Khayam; Anwar, Fareeha; Khusro, Ameer; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Mohamed, Amany Abdel-Rahman; Mostafa-Hedeab, Gomaa; Emran, Talha Bin
The oxadiazole ring has long been used for the treatment of several diseases. This study aimed to analyze the antihyperglycemic and antioxidant roles of the 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative with its toxicity. Diabetes was induced through intraperitoneal administration of alloxan monohydrate at 150 mg/kg in rats. Glimepiride and acarbose were used as standards. Rats were divided into groups of normal control, disease control, standard, and diabetic rats (treated with 5, 10, and 15 mg/kg of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative). After 14 days of oral administration of 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivatives (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg) to the diabetic group, the blood glucose level, body weight, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), insulin level, antioxidant effect, and histopathology of the pancreas were performed. The toxicity was measured by estimating liver enzyme, renal function, lipid profile, antioxidative effect, and liver and kidney histopathological study. The blood glucose and body weight were measured before and after treatment. Alloxan significantly increased blood glucose levels, HbA1c, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine. In contrast, body weight, insulin level, and antioxidant factors were reduced compared to the normal control group. Treatment with oxadiazole derivatives showed a significant reduction in blood glucose levels, HbA1c, alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, and creatinine as compared to the disease control group. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole derivative significantly improved body weight, insulin level, and antioxidant factors compared to the disease control group. In conclusion, the oxadiazole derivative showed potential antidiabetic activity and indicated its potential as a therapeutic.
Fabrication of Silver Nanoparticles from Ziziphus nummularia Fruit Extract
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-25) Khalil, Muhammad Saqib; Shakeel, Muhammad; Gulfam, Naila; Ahmad, Syed Umair; Aziz, Aamir; Ahmad, Junaid; Bibi, Shabana; Chopra, Hitesh; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Idris, Abubakr M.; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Hassan, Manal Ewaiss; Emran, Talha Bin
Nanoparticles are extensively used in biomedical and biotechnological research. Their large surface area, excellent physical properties, high permeability, and retention effect make them ideal for biomedical applications including diagnosis and treatment. Silver nanoparticles proved to be the safest for therapeutic uses. In the present study, silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were prepared using various ratios of Ziziphus nummularia fruit extract and silver nitrate solution. The nanoparticles were investigated for hair growth and antibacterial and antifungal activities. Characterization of AgNPs was done by using UV-spectrophotometer, scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), thermogravimeter (TG), energy dispersive X-ray (EDX), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and master sizer. UV-spectrophotometer results showed the best ratio 10 : 10 of Z. nummularia fruit aqueous extract to silver solution for nanoparticle production at 400 to 430 nm wavelength. The size of AgNPs was 40 nm as measured by SEM. Characterization of AgNPs through EDX resulted in a silver peak at 3 keV. In contrast, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) spectra show that the AgNPs are stable up to 160°C. The XED spectra gave 12 nm size of crystallite at 2 theta degree angle. FTIR bands for the metal oxides were recorded at 665 cm-1. Weight loss of the prepared nanoparticles was observed due to moisture loss when subjected to TGA, whereas particle size distribution 0.1 μm to 0.17 μm was recorded by the master seizer. The Z. nummularia fruit aqueous extract-mediated AgNPs were noted highly effective against Gram-positive bacteria compared to ethanolic, methanolic, chloroform, and ethyl acetate extracts of Z. nummularia fruit. The Gram-negative bacteria fungal species showed less sensitivity to AgNPs. The hair growth activity was observed to be higher for AgNPs followed by minoxidil than ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Z. nummularia fruit. These findings have concluded that Z. nummularia-AgNPs have an effective hair growth activity and exhibit several applications in distinctive biomedical and pharmaceutical industries.
Green Synthesis of Gold and Silver Nanoparticles Using Opuntia Dillenii Aqueous Extracts
(Daffodil International University, 2022-03-26) Ahmed, Anees; Rauf, Abdur; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Qureshi, Muhammad Nasimullah; Sharma, Rohit; Aljohani, Abdullah S. M.; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Khan, Ibrahim; Alam, Amir; Rahman, Md. Mominur
In the present study, gold (Au) and silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were synthesized from aqueous extracts of Opuntia dillenii, characterized by various advanced techniques and investigated for antibacterial and antifungal potential. Phytochemical screening of O. dillenii showed the presence of alkaloids, betacyanin, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, and phlobatannins. The characterizations of the synthesized metal NPs were performed such as UV-visible spectrophotometer, FTIR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrophotometer, SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and EDX (energy-dispersive X-ray). Through the application of such advance techniques, the UV-visible spectrophotometer showed the bands of absorbance for AgNPs and AuNPs at 420 nm and 525 nm range, respectively. The FTIR spectra for both and AgNPs also appeared in the range of 4000-400 cm-1. SEM was performed for the textural and morphological characteristics of the NPs such as shape, size distribution, and surface structure. Elemental analysis was recorded for the synthesis of Au and AgNPs, which confirmed its purity. The O. dillenii extract and their synthesized Au and AgNPs showed a clear zone of inhibition against the E. coli, S. aureus, K. pneumonia, and P. aeruginosa bacteria and T. viride, C. albicans, C. krusei, and A. niger fungal species.
In Silico Investigation and Potential Therapeutic Approaches of Natural Products for COVID-19
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-22) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Akash, Shopnil; Mim, Sadia Afsana; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Emran, Talha Bin; Akkol, Esra Küpeli; Sharma, Rohit; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Sweilam, Sherouk Hussein; Hossain, Md. Emon; Ray, Tanmay Kumar; Sultana, Sharifa; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Sobarzo-Sa´nchez, Eduardo; Wilairatana, Polrat
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a substantial number of deaths around the world, making it a serious and pressing public health hazard. Phytochemicals could thus provide a rich source of potent and safer anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. The absence of approved treatments or vaccinations continues to be an issue, forcing the creation of new medicines. Computer-aided drug design has helped to speed up the drug research and development process by decreasing costs and time. Natural compounds like terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and flavonoid derivatives have a perfect impact against viral replication and facilitate future studies in novel drug discovery. This would be more effective if collaboration took place between governments, researchers, clinicians, and traditional medicine practitioners’ safe and effective therapeutic research. Through a computational approach, this study aims to contribute to the development of effective treatment methods by examining the mechanisms relating to the binding and subsequent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The in silico method has also been employed to determine the most effective drug among the mentioned compound and their aquatic, nonaquatic, and pharmacokinetics’ data have been analyzed. The highest binding energy has been reported -11.4 kcal/mol against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (7MBG) in L05. Besides, all the ligands are non-carcinogenic, excluding L04, and have good water solubility and no AMES toxicity. The discovery of preclinical drug candidate molecules and the structural elucidation of pharmacological therapeutic targets have expedited both structure-based and ligand-based drug design. This review article will assist physicians and researchers in realizing the enormous potential of computer-aided drug design in the design and discovery of therapeutic molecules, and hence in the treatment of deadly diseases.
Investigating Polyphenol Nanoformulations for Therapeutic Targets against Diabetes Mellitus
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-21) Islam, Fahadul; Khadija, Jannatul Fardous; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Shohag, Sheikh; Mitra, Saikat; Alghamdi, Saad; Babalghith, Ahmad O.; Theyab, Abdulrahman; Rahman, Mohammad Tauhidur; Akter, Aklima; Mamun, Abdullah Al; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Emran, Talha Bin
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a fatal metabolic disorder, and its prevalence has escalated in recent decades to a greater extent. Since the incidence and severity of the disease are constantly increasing, plenty of therapeutic approaches are being considered as a promising solution. Many dietary polyphenols have been reported to be effective against diabetes along with its accompanying vascular consequences by targeting multiple therapeutic targets. Additionally, the biocompatibility of these polyphenols raises questions about their use as pharmacological mediators. Nevertheless, the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical properties of these polyphenols limit their clinical benefit as therapeutics. Pharmaceutical industries have attempted to improve compliance and therapeutic effects. However, nanotechnological approaches to overcome the pharmacokinetic and biopharmaceutical barriers associated with polyphenols as antidiabetic medications have been shown to be effective to improve clinical compliance and efficacy. Therefore, this review highlighted a comprehensive and up-to-date assessment of polyphenol nanoformulations in the treatment of diabetes and vascular consequences.
Marine Microbial-Derived Resource Exploration
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-26) Steven, Ray; Humaira, Zalfa; Natanael, Yosua; Dwivany, Fenny M.; Trinugroho, Joko P.; Dwijayanti, Ari; Kristianti, Tati; Tallei, Trina Ekawati; Emran, Talha Bin; Jeon, Heewon; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Radjasa, Ocky Karna; Kim, Bonglee
Microbes in marine ecosystems are known to produce secondary metabolites. One of which are carotenoids, which have numerous industrial applications, hence their demand will continue to grow. This review highlights the recent research on natural carotenoids produced by marine microorganisms. We discuss the most recent screening approaches for discovering carotenoids, using in vitro methods such as culture-dependent and culture-independent screening, as well as in silico methods, using secondary metabolite Biosynthetic Gene Clusters (smBGCs), which involves the use of various rule-based and machine-learning-based bioinformatics tools. Following that, various carotenoids are addressed, along with their biological activities and metabolic processes involved in carotenoids biosynthesis. Finally, we cover the application of carotenoids in health and pharmaceutical industries, current carotenoids production system, and potential use of synthetic biology in carotenoids production.
Nanomedicines in the Management of Alzheimer's Disease
(Daffodil International University, 2022-07-12) Chopra, Hitesh; Bibi, Shabana; Singh, Inderbir; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad; Islam, Fahadul; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Cavalu, Simona
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a kind of dementia that creates serious challenges for sufferers’ memory, thinking, and behavior. It commonly targeting the aging population and decay the brain cells, despite attempts have been performed to enhance AD diagnostic and therapeutic techniques. Hence, AD remains incurable owing to its complex and multifactorial consequences and still there is lack of appropriate diagnostics/therapeutics option for this severe brain disorder. Therefore, nanotechnology is currently bringing new tools and insights to improve the previous knowledge of AD and ultimately may provide a novel treatment option and a ray of hope to AD patients. Here in this review, we highlighted the nanotechnologies-based findings for AD, in both diagnostic and therapeutic aspects and explained how advances in the field of nanotechnology/nanomedicine could enhance patient prognosis and quality of life. It is highly expected these emerging technologies could bring a research-based revolution in the field of neurodegenerative disorders and may assist their clinical experiments and develop an efficacious drug for AD also. The main aim of review is to showcase readers the recent advances in nanotechnology-based approaches for treatment and diagnosing of AD.
Natural Small Molecules in Breast Cancer Treatment
(Daffodil International University, 2022-03-27) Islam, Md. Rezaul; Islam, Fahadul; Nafady, Mohamed H.; Akter, Muniya; Mitra, Saikat; Urmee, Humaira; Shohag, Sheikh; Akter, Aklima; Chidambaram, Kumarappan; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Cavalu, Simona
Breast cancer (BrCa) is the most common malignancy in women and the second most significant cause of death from cancer. BrCa is one of the most challenging malignancies to treat, and it accounts for a large percentage of cancer-related deaths. The number of cases requiring more effective BrCa therapy has increased dramatically. Scientists are looking for more productive agents, such as organic combinations, for BrCa prevention and treatment because most chemotherapeutic agents are linked to cancer metastasis, the resistance of the drugs, and side effects. Natural compounds produced by living organisms promote apoptosis and inhibit metastasis, slowing the spread of cancer. As a result, these compounds may delay the spread of BrCa, enhancing survival rates and reducing the number of deaths caused by BrCa. Several natural compounds inhibit BrCa production while lowering cancer cell proliferation and triggering cell death. Natural compounds, in addition to therapeutic approaches, are efficient and potential agents for treating BrCa. This review highlights the natural compounds demonstrated in various studies to have anticancer properties in BrCa cells. Future research into biological anti-BrCa agents may pave the way for a new era in BrCa treatment, with natural anti-BrCa drugs playing a key role in improving BrCa patient survival rates.
Omicron Variant (B.1.1.529) and Its Sublineages
(Daffodil International University, 22-08-15) Dhawan, Manish; Rahman, Abdul; A Saied, Abdul Rahman; Mitra, Saikat; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Wilairatana, Polrat
Since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been reported worldwide. The advent of variants of concern (VOCs) raises severe concerns amid the serious containment efforts against COVID-19 that include physical measures, pharmacological repurposing, immunization, and genomic/community surveillance. Omicron variant (B.1.1.529) has been identified as a highly modified, contagious, and crucial variant among the five VOCs of SARS-CoV-2. The increased affinity of the spike protein (S-protein), and host receptor, angiotensin converting enzyme-2 (ACE-2), due to a higher number of mutations in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the S-protein has been proposed as the primary reason for the decreased efficacy of majorly available vaccines against the Omicron variant and the increased transmissible nature of the Omicron variant. Because of its significant competitive advantage, the Omicron variant and its sublineages swiftly surpassed other variants to become the dominant circulating lineages in a number of nations. The Omicron variant has been identified as a prevalent strain in the United Kingdom and South Africa. Furthermore, the emergence of recombinant variants through the conjunction of the Omicron variant with other variants or by the mixing of the Omicron variant's sublineages/subvariants poses a major threat to humanity. This raises various issues and hazards regarding the Omicron variant and its sublineages, such as an Omicron variant breakout in susceptible populations among fully vaccinated persons. As a result, understanding the features and genetic implications of this variant is crucial. Hence, we explained in depth the evolution and features of the Omicron variant and analyzed the repercussions of spike mutations on infectiousness, dissemination ability, viral entry mechanism, and immune evasion. We also presented a viewpoint on feasible strategies for precluding and counteracting any future catastrophic emergence and spread of the omicron variant and its subline ages that could result in a detrimental wave of COVID-19 cases.
Phytochemicals, Nutrition, Metabolism, Bioavailability, and Health Benefits in Lettuce—A Comprehensive Review
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-13) Shi, Min; Gu, Jingyu; Wu, Hanjing; Rauf, Abdur; Emran, Talha Bin; Khan, Zidan; Mitra, Saikat; Aljohani, Abdullah S. M.; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Al-Awthan, Yahya S.; Bahattab, Omar; Thiruvengadam, Muthu; Suleria, Hafiz A. R.
Lettuce is one of the most famous leafy vegetables worldwide with lots of applications from food to other specific uses. There are different types in the lettuce group for consumers to choose from. Additionally, lettuce is an excellent source of bioactive compounds such as polyphenols, carotenoids, and chlorophyll with related health benefits. At the same time, nutrient composition and antioxidant compounds are different between lettuce varieties, especially for green and red lettuce types. The benefit of lettuce consumption depends on its composition, particularly antioxidants, which can function as nutrients. The health benefits rely on their biochemical effect when reaching the bloodstream. Some components can be released from the food matrix and altered in the digestive system. Indeed, the bioaccessibility of lettuce is measuring the quantity of these compounds released from the food matrix during digestion, which is important for health-promoting features. Extraction of bioactive compounds is one of the new trends observed in lettuce and is necessarily used for several application fields. Therefore, this review aims to demonstrate the nutritional value of lettuce and its pharmacological properties. Due to their bioaccessibility and bioavailability, the consumer will be able to comprehensively understand choosing a healthier lettuce diet. The common utilization pattern of lettuce extracted nutrients will also be summarized for further direction.
Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy and Neurological Disorders
(MDPI, 2022-01-17) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Islam, Mohammad Touhidul; Rashid, Md. Harun-Or-; Islam, Mahfuzul; Abdullah, Sabirin; Uddin, Mohammad Borhan; Das, Sumit; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Mohamed, Amany Abdel-Rahman; Faruque, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; -Hedeab, Gomaa Mostafa
Neurodegenerative diseases are a global health issue with inadequate therapeutic options and an inability to restore the damaged nervous system. With advances in technology, health scientists continue to identify new approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Lost or injured neurons and glial cells can lead to the development of several neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells in the laboratory utilizing cell culture technologies, fueling efforts to develop stem cell-based transplantation therapies for human patients. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or differentiate into a germ cell with specialized characteristics, such as muscle cells, red blood cells, or brain cells. Although several obstacles remain before stem cells can be used for clinical applications, including some potential disadvantages that must be overcome, this cellular development represents a potential pathway through which patients may eventually achieve the ability to live more normal lives. In this review, we summarize the stem cell-based therapies that have been explored for various neurological disorders, discuss the potential advantages and drawbacks of these therapies, and examine future directions for this field.
Study of Certain Congenital Malformations Due to Low-Level Radiation Exposures From High Background Radiation Areas
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-15) JoJo, P.J.; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Byju, S. Ben; Sunil, A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Osman, Hamid; Almalki, Mohammed; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Alghamdi, Saad; Babalghith, Ahmad O.
The coastal regions of some states (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa) in India are known to have plenty of thorium-rich minerals, therefore possess high external gamma radiation fields, and are identified as Natural High Background Radiation Areas. There are concerns about congenital malformations due to the high background radiation prevailing in the region. Therefore, scientists find interest to study the possible biological effects of low-level exposures on the local populace who are living with generations under these extraordinary radiation fields. The present study is an attempt to find the correlation between the incidences of certain congenital malformations through a 1:3 matched case-control study. A total of 75 subjects (58 mental retardation cases and 17 Cleft lip/palate cases) along with 225 controls were selected for the investigations. Indoor and outdoor gamma dose rates were measured using a halogen-quenched GM tube-based survey meter, while the indoor inhalation dose rates were measured based on the radon and progeny measurements using the twin cup dosimeters equipped with LR-115 Type II solid-state nuclear track detectors. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to find out the correlation between the radiation dose with congenital malformation. This study found an insignificant risk of cleft lip/palate (but not for mental retardation) from the exposures to natural high external gamma radiation fields in the study area. Therefore, the results of the investigation indicate no explicit risk of congenital malformations by the high background natural radiation prevailing in the region.
Study of Certain Congenital Malformations Due to Low-Level Radiation Exposures From High Background Radiation Areas
(Daffodil International University, 2022-06-15) JoJo, P.J.; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; Byju, S. Ben; Sunil, A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Osman, Hamid; Almalki j, Mohammed; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Alghamdi, Saad; Babalghith, Ahmad O.
The coastal regions of some states (Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh and Orissa) in India are known to have plenty of thorium-rich minerals, therefore possess high external gamma radiation fields, and are identified as Natural High Background Radiation Areas. There are concerns about congenital malformations due to the high background radiation prevailing in the region. Therefore, scientists find interest to study the possible biological effects of low-level exposures on the local populace who are living with generations under these extraordinary radiation fields. The present study is an attempt to find the correlation between the incidences of certain congenital malformations through a 1:3 matched case-control study. A total of 75 subjects (58 mental retardation cases and 17 Cleft lip/palate cases) along with 225 controls were selected for the investigations. Indoor and outdoor gamma dose rates were measured using a halogen-quenched GM tube-based survey meter, while the indoor inhalation dose rates were measured based on the radon and progeny measurements using the twin cup dosimeters equipped with LR-115 Type II solid-state nuclear track detectors. Conditional logistic regression analysis was used to find out the correlation between the radiation dose with congenital malformation. This study found an insignificant risk of cleft lip/palate (but not for mental retardation) from the exposures to natural high external gamma radiation fields in the study area. Therefore, the results of the investigation indicate no explicit risk of congenital malformations by the high background natural radiation prevailing in the region.