Browsing by Author "Alam, M. Firoz"

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Genetic Diversity Analysis Based on Morphological Characters and Microsatellite Markers in Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.)
(University of Rajshahi, 2016) Ali, Md. Raihan; Hossain, Md. Amzad; Alam, M. Firoz
Genetic diversity in sugarcane was investigated using 16 quantitative, 37 qualitative morphological traits and 23 microsatellite markers. Results showed that a moderate level of genetic diversity was present in 51 evaluated sugarcane genotypes. Agromorphological traits showed high Shannon-Weaver diversity indices (>0.80) for quantitative characters and very low (0.0) to high (>0.80) for most of the qualitative traits. Mean Euclidean distance for agromorphological quantitative traits was 87.33 between pairs of genotypes for all possible pair wise combinations, and was ranged from 6 to 251. Fourteen pairs of distantly related genotypes had Euclidean distances ≥ 200 while 37 pairs of closely related genotypes had Euclidean distance values ranging from 6 to 30.Diverse genotypes based on their mean Euclidean distance values can be utilized for parent selection in hybridization program. Integrating available information on their good combining ability with other genotypes to the phenotypic distance data, as a criterion in parental selection, ensures a higher chance of generating better performing hybrids. Thus, cross combinations between genetically closely related genotypes should be avoided. Crosses between genetically distant sugarcane genotypes might produce higher variances for quantitatively inherited traits in segregating population. Cane yield was found to be positively and significantly correlated with plant height, stalk length, number of tiller per clump, leaf width, internode diameter, number of millable cane and single cane weight. Cane yield of sugarcane could be improved by selecting sugarcane genotypes having high values of length of stalk, number of tiller per clump, internode diameter, single cane weight and number of millable cane. Principal component analysis conducted based on correlation matrix of 16 agromorphological traits resulted to five principal component axes accounted for 81.31 % of total variation. The first principal component that accounted for 28.82% of total variation was mainly attributed to variation in plant height and stalk length traits. This further indicates that plant height, stalk length, number of millable cane and leaf length were among the most important traits which accounted for 81.31 % variation expressed in the evaluated sugarcane genotypes. It could be suggested that the use of these traits will save considerable amount of time, labour and cost for identification of superior sugarcane genotypes. The positive absolute values of two vectors revealed that plant height, internode length and diameter, number of internode per cane, single cane weight and pol percent had the greatest contribution to genetic divergence. Cluster analysis by UPGMA based on Euclidean distances classified 51 genotypes in to six clusters and cluster 3 was identified as the largest cluster. Fifty one genotypes were also grouped based on agromorphological traits into six clusters using Mahalanobis D2 statistic. The highest inter-cluster distance (12.358) was found between clusters I and cluster V. The distance between cluster V and cluster VI was minimum (2.628).The crosses between genotypes in cluster I with genotypes in cluster V might produce a good hybrid which would exhibit highest heterosis. The 23 microsatellite markers revealed high gene diversity (PIC) values in the 51 sugarcane genotypes. Average PIC value was 0.942. Primer pair SMC 226 CG showed the highest PIC value (0.979) that makes it the most discriminating among 23 markers used. The level of polymorphism indicates that distinction between any two genotypes is possible with appropriate SSR primer pair. This supports to the use of SSR markers, as an excellent tool, for diversity analysis and loci mapping in sugarcane. A total of 76 unique alleles were generated by 21 SSR markers. Most of the unique allele produce markers showed high PIC value. These 21 markers distinguished 88.24% sugarcane genotypes. Only two primer pairs viz. SMC 226 CG and SMC 278 CS produced unique allele in 19 genotypes i.e. 37.25% genotypes were distinguished. Cluster analysis showed that the genotype pair POJ 2878/ I 156-97 was the closet among all genotypes having the lowest Euclidean distance value (5.66).The most distant genotype pairs were I 6- 04/ I 33-97 (8.77) and I 174-93/ I 33-97 (8.77). Among the 51 genotypes studied, genotype I 33-97 was found to be the most distant genotype with mean Euclidean distance 8.01 with other 50 genotypes. The difference between the lowest and the highest Euclidean distances indicated the presence of low to moderate level of genetic diversity among the studied sugarcane genotypes at genotypic level. Dendrogram derived by UPGMA using Euclidean distance of SSR molecular genotyping data revealed two major clusters. Most of the genotypes (37) grouped in the cluster 1 and rest 14 genotypes concentrated in the cluster 2. On the other hand, five major clusters were formed when Jaccard’s similarity coefficient was used for constructing dendrogram following UPGMA method. The clustering patterns using molecular marker data were different from that of clustering of genotypes constructed from agromorphological quantitative data. This might be due to nature of data and different clustering models used. The diversity analyzed by molecular (SSR) markers data was found to be more precise because these markers are not influenced by environmental factors. Both phenotypic and SSR profile data should be considered during the selection of clone/ genotype for conserving in the active collection of germplasm or parents for hybridization program. The knowledge obtained in this study might be useful for future breeding program for increasing genetic diversity of sugarcane germplasm to meet the demand of sustainable sugarcane production in Bangladesh. To widen the genetic base of BSRI sugarcane germplasm pool, incorporation ofS. spontaneum, S. barberi, S. robustum and Erianthus spp. into the population should be initiated. Saccharum species other than officinarum can be utilized as female parents to broaden the cytoplasmic base. Phenotypic and molecular characterization of the entire collection should be done to determine the relationships among the genotypes available at “Field Gene Bank of BSRI, Ishurdi, Bangladesh.
Identification of Candidate Genes and Genome Engineering of Drought Tolerance in Bangladeshi Rice Varieties
(University of Rajshahi, 2008) Khatun, Sayeda Mahfuja; Alam, M. Firoz; Islam, A.K.M. Rafiul; Herve, Philippe
Drought is one of the majors constrains to the productivity of rice in many parts of the world, particularly in South and South East Asia. Among the natural disaster drought is a common phenomenon in different cropping season and it causes vulnerable yield loss of rice in Bangladesh. The aim of this study was to identify candidate gene involves in the drought response mechanism of rice and to investigate suitable method for genome engineering for popular rice cultivars in Bangladesh. Dehydration responsive binding protein (DREB) is a group of transcription factor (cis-acting element) reported to be induced by abiotic stress and activate function/regulation of target genes involves to stress tolerance (drought, salt and freezing) mechanism in plants. Reverse transcription PCR analysis confirmed the presence of 14 genes of the OsDREBs gene family (including a new OsDREBlJ) in BR-29, BR-28, and BR-11 rice genome. Experiments were carried out to understand physiological response against drought stress in the studied rice cultivars. Beside the physiological parameters and molecular analysis were carried out from drought stressed, and well-watered plant tissues (reproductive organ). RT-PCR analysis was performed for three major tissues at reproductive stage of rice such as flag leaf, peduncle, and panicle. The results showed that interesting response to drought stress and response pattern varied across genotypes and tissues. Most of the gene expressed positively to the change of peduncle elongation rate, panicle exertion rate, and relative water content due to drought stress level……………
Improved Sleep and Behavior after Adenotonsillectomy in Children with Sleep Disordered Breathing
(University of Rajshahi, 2020-06) Karim, Md. Rezaul; Alam, M. Firoz
Background and objective: Sleep disordered breathing (SDB) is a common problem in preschool and school going children and is generally perceived as a neurodevelopmental condition leading to maltreatment resulting in abnormal behavioural complications and reduced cognition. The present study was undertaken to evaluate whether adenotonsillectomy done in children with SDB improves their behavior, cognition and quality of life. Methods: This prospective interventional study of pre-test post-test design was conducted in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Rajshahi over a period of 3-years from July 2012 to June 2015 on 50 children (selected based on predefined eligibility criteria) aged 3-8 years who underwent adenotonsillectomy for sleep disordered breathing (SDB) with or without behavioural problem. The outcome variables were sleep disordered breathing, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), cognitive function and quality of life. Result: About three-quarters (74%) of the study children were 6 or > 6 years old with mean age being 6.6 years. Female-to-male ratio was 3:2. Half of the children was rural residents (50%) and 40% belonged to lower middle class. Snoring (86%), upper airway resistance syndrome (90%), obstructive hypoventilation (86%) and obstructive sleep-apnoea syndrome (OSAS) (80%) all demonstrated their dominance before adenotonsillectomy. After intervention major proportions of these symptoms reduced indicating that adenotonsilitis was the main reason of these symptoms. The major behavioral problems in children before intervention were ADHD (82%), problemetic behaviours on awakening (86%), night-to-night sleep duration variability (78%) and headache (80%). All the major problems responded well following adenotosillectomy (p < 0.001). Of the minor problems incidence of enuresis reduced to less than half (p = 0.027). Cognitive function like learning disabilities and poor academic performance showed commendable improvement following adenotonsillectomy (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The study concluded that children diagnosed with SDB experience significant improvement in both sleep and behavior after adenotonsillectomy.
Micropropagation and Improvement of Garlic (Alliiun Sativum L.) Through in Vitro Techniques
(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Roksana, Mst. Rubayat; Islam, A. K. M. Rafiul; Alam, M. Firoz
Different aspects of micropropagation through meristem culture for the production of virus free plants, callus induction, somatic embryogenesis followed by subsequent plant regeneration, in vitro bulblet formation and field evaluation of the in vitro regenerated plants were studied on five commercial cultivars of garlic (Allium sativum L.) viz., GC002, GC008, GC009, GC0025 and Indian variety. For micropropagation, shoot tip of field grown mature garlic bulbs of five cultivars were used for meristem isolation. Meristems were cultured on to filter paper bridge in liquid MS medium. Among the different media formulations MS + 1.0 mg/1 2ip + 0.5 mg/1 NAA was found to be the best for primary establishment of meristems and for maximum shoot proliferation. Protocol was also developed to induce in vitro bulblets from meristem derived shoot clumps and among various concentrations of sucrose, 12% sucrose was found to be the best for in vitro bulblet formation for all the four cultivars. Same result was also found in callus culture. Rooted plantlets with bulblets of four garlic cultivars were gradually acclimatized and successfully established in the field. Visual evaluation of the morphological traits of the meristem derived plants showed that all plants were normal and free from virus diseases. Substantial yield increase was observed from meristem derived plants over their source plants. Among the four cultivars cv. GC0025 was found to be highly responsive for in vitro shoot proliferation and bulblet formation.
Nursing Management of Old Age Senility: The Bangladesh Perspective
(University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, 2019) Begum, Mosammat Shahinoor; Alam, M. Firoz; Ahsan, Sheikh Manwar
The Title of the study is “Nursing management of Old Age Senility:The Bangladesh Perspective”. The purpose or the objectives of the study is to identify age related physiological changes in various systems, such as- cardio vascular, central nervous system, and musculoskeletal systems of the elderly, recognize the common health problems that occur with age, prevent or reduce common risk factors contribute to functional decline, impaired quality of life, and access disability in older adults, find out the common old age senility associated with later life, reduce the incidence and prevalence of old age senility among elderly people, establish the appropriate nursing assessment and management procedure, and modeling on the basis of our collected data and predicting the elderly people who develop old age senility. The design of the study is Cross-sectional both qualitative and quantitative study. The study was carried out in the In-Patient and Out Patient Department of Medical College Hospital, Khulna, General Hospital Khulna, Private Clinics, one ward and one surrounding community under city corporation, Khulna. For this study the above mentioned places were selected for the following reason. Researcher selected Two Divisions of Bangladesh randomly out of Seven through lottery. Dhaka Division, Choose Two Places- Boyosko Punerbason Kendra, Gazipur Probin Hitaishi Songho and Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Agargaon out of Four places. In Khulna Division, Selected Three Places-KMCH, GMCH, One Rural Community conveniently out of Five in the same way. The study was conducted for a period of three years, June 2011 to June 2014. Study population was selected as age group defined According to WHO. UN agreed Cutoff is 60+ years to refer to the elderly population. Elderly persons aged 60 years and above both male and female. The study is based on primary data. The tools used for the study are in-depth interview, structured questionnaire and geriatric depression scale for screening. A standard questionnaire was developed which include- Anthropometric information, Socio-economic information, Information of general health, illness and treatment. Information on nursing management. Questionnaire was pretested and modified on the basis of the present study. Sample size : 384. Calculation of sample size:n = Z2P(1-P) / d2 .The Technique of the sampling is Three stages cluster random sampling. The criteria of selection of sample was One person from each household, every day attendance at hospital OPD, application of Geriatric Depression Scale to exclude senility before starting final interview.----
Phenotypic Expression of Chickpea (Cicer Arietinum L.) Genotypes Under Different Environmental Conditions.
(University of Rajshahi, 2004) Pramanik, Md. Ashraful Islam; Alam, M. Firoz; Islam, A. K. M. Rafiul
The present civilization is the gift of science. It is the supreme cause of development all over the world. So, it goes without having that only science can make Bangladesh in to a developed country indeed. Bangladesh has a vast population in comparison with its area. To remove the want of food and nutrition for the added population, research work is needed in the field of agriculture. Plants are part and parcel of our life. Plants are useful to us in many ways. They give us oxygen, food, medicine, fuel, furniture and, shelter and maintain our ecological balance. So, plants are very important to human life. In Bangladesh pulse is an important name in our food list. Here, it comes next to rice. As a result, the significance of pulse as a food is unquestionable. In fact, it is considered an alternative to meat and fish as it contains more protein than many other vegetables. Apart from protein, pulse also contains carbohydrate, fat and mineral salt. Hence, the research of such a crop is undoubtedly required in our country. The research, which has been going on, is utterly negligible to the requirement. Among pulses chickpea is one of them and a popular foodstuff. It is rich in nutrient and energy. There are many kinds of chickpeas in Bru1gladesh. Each variety does not fit in with any environment. Moreover, the best quality has to be chosen to have more production. To select the best quality and to develop it, modern research is a must.
Screening of Selected Medicinal Plants of Bangladesh for Biological
(University of Rajshahi, 2017) Rahman, Md. Mostafizur; Alam, M. Firoz
In the current study three plants namely Cassia sophera (L.) Roxb, Cassia fistula (L.) and Cassia tora (L.) Roxb. were evaluated for their bioactivities. For these antibacterial, antitumor, phytotoxic and phytochemical properties of leaves extracts of plants were evaluated. In case of antibacterial activity test, methanol leaves extracts were screened against five gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, Streptococcus haemolytica, Bacillus subtilis and Sarcina lutea) and five gram negative (Escherichia coli-B, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi and Shigella dysenteriae) bacteria using agar disc diffusion method compared with antibiotics (tetracycline). Plants extracts were very efficient against all tested bacteria, whereas C. tora was more effective followed by C. sophera and C. fistula. Furthermore the extract of C. tora showed the highest zone of inhibition (15.67 mm) against gram positive S. lutea at 300 mgml-1. In case of MIC and MBC, C. sophera extracts showed MIC values ranged from 100 (S. lutea) to 350 mgml-1 (S. haemolytica) and MBC were ranged from 250 (S. lutea) to 450 mgml-1 (S. haemolytica and K. pneumoniae) where C. fistula MIC were ranged from 150 (S. lutea and S. dysenteriae) to 350 mgml-1 (B. cereus, S. haemolytica and K. pneumoniae) and MBC were ranged from 250 (S. dysenteriae) to 500 mgml-1 (K. pneumoniae). Followed by C. tora MIC values were ranged from 25 (S. lutea) to 100 mgml-1 (B. cereus, S. haemolytica, E. coli-B and S. dysenteriae) and MBC were ranged from 100 (S. lutea) to 250 mgml-1 (B. cereus E. coli and S. dysenteriae) against all tested strains. The lowest MIC (25 mgml-1) and MBC (100 mgml-1) values were observed by C. tora against S. lutea is a good indication of high efficacy. For antitumor activity test, studied three plants extracts were used by potato disc bioassay through Agrobacterium tumefaciens infection. Before this, antibacterial assay was performed on three A. tumefaciens strains (AtTa0112, AtAc0114 and AtSl0105) to check whether extracts are lethal for bacteria or are inhibiting at any level that is necessary for the genetic transfer mechanism and finally induction of tumor. It confirmed that extracts has no effect on the viability of Agrobacterium strains. Although no significant differences were observed in tumor inhibition by three extracts but C. tora (57.14%) was more effective for tumor inhibition followed by C. fistula (47.70%) and C. sophera (47.66%) respectively at 1000ppm on AtSl0105. It was also observed that out of three concentrations (10, 100 and 1000 ppm), tumor inhibitions were only observed at 100 and 1000 ppm concentrations, while AtSl0105 was more prominent for producing tumor followed by AtAc0114 and AtTa0112. Preliminary phytochemical studies showed that C. tora leaves contain maximum occurrence of phytoconstituents like alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and sterols, and absence of phenols and terpenoids. Followed by C. fistula showed presence of alkaloids (moderately), flavonoids, saponins, tannins, phenols and terpenoids, and absence of glycosides and sterols, whereas C. sophera showed presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and steroids, and absence of phenols and tannins. For phytotoxicity test, radish seeds germination and root lengths were significantly inhibited by the studied extracts at 10000 ppm concentration. All extracts exhibited significant phytotoxicity on radish seeds and maximum seed germination inhibition (57%) was observed by methanol extract of C. sophera after 5th day of incubation followed by C. tora (23%) and C. fistula (16%) respectively. Also minimum root length (1.39 mm) was observed when radish seeds were grown in the presence of C. sophera. In summary the above studies indicate that many of the species of Cassia, used in traditional medicine, are powerful inhibitors of both microbial and cancer cell growth, meaning there is high chance to develop plant based drugs for treating infectious and cancer type diseases from the studied plants.
Studies on Productivity, Soil Fertility and N-Use Efficiency in Rice-Wheat-Mungbean Systems Using Tillage Options, Straw Management and Nitrogen Levels
(University of Rajshahi, 2007) Hossain, Md. Ilias; Kabir, Golam; Meisner, Craig A.; Alam, M. Firoz
Rice-wheat rotation is the principal agricultural production system in South Asian countries. This system occupies around 13.5 million ha in the Indo Gangetic plains of Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan and 10.5 million ha in China (Ladha et al., 2003). Rice-wheat systems cover 32% of the total rice area and 42% of the total wheat area and account for about one-third the total rice and wheat production (Timsina et al., 2002). These systems have remained the major source of the marketed surplus of food grains for feeding the growing population. Rice and wheat are the world’s two most important cereals crops, contributing 45% of the digestible energy and providing 30% of the total protein in the human diet as well as making sustainable contribution to feeding livestock (Evans, 1993).Rice and wheat are now grown in sequence on the same land in the same year over 26 million ha of South and East Asia to meet up the food demand of rapidly expanding human population (Timsina and Cornor,2001 ).South Asian countries, Bangladesh, India, Nepal and Pakistan with a geographical area of 401.72 million ha, hold nearly half of the world population of 3.1 billion. Of which, 59% depends for livelihoods on agriculture. Nearly half of the land area is under agricultural crop production. It is estimated that nearly 60% of the farming households live on less than 30% of global agricultural lands (Gupta et al., 2003d) and approximately 240 million people in South Asia consume rice and/or wheat produced in rice-wheat systems ((Benites, 2001…………………………………