Browsing by Author "Aktar, Most Mohshina"

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Crop ecosystem responses and weed population under elevated temperature regimes
(Bioscience Research, 2019) Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque; Aktar, Most Mohshina; Uddin, Md. Romij; Khaitov, Botir; Park, Kee Woong
The negative effects of weed infestation in paddy fields and increasing temperature are considered as the main factors of reducing rice grain yield. This study conducted to reveal the competitive interaction between rice (upland rice Dongjin 1) and weeds with different densities at ambient and 0.8℃, 1.9℃, and 3.4℃ above ambient temperature in special phytotrons at Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea. The competition between rice and weeds was created in the following three treatments: 1. Natural occurrence of weeds is naturally grown from the soil seed bank, 2. Standard density, the following weeds were grown in the plots: EO (Echinochl oaoryzicola) 1g, Mv (Monochoria vaginalis) 1 g, Lp (Ludwigia prostrata) 1 g, Ek (Eleocharis kuroguwai) 15 tuber, Sp (Scirpus planiculmis) 15 tuber, SS (Sagittaria sagittifolia) 15 tuber, Lpr (Lindernia procumbens) naturally occurred, Rp (Rotala pusilla) naturally occurred. 3. High density, the following weeds were grown in the plots: EO=2 g, Mv=2 g, Lp=2 g, Ek=30, Sp=30, SS=30, Lpr naturally occurred, Rp naturally occurred. Results presented that rice growth parameters such as height, the number of tillers, and shoot dry weight were increased with the increase of ambient temperature. However, rice yield negatively correlated with the increase of temperature, especially, caused enhancing the panicle senescence at the pollination period and shortening the grain filling period. The lowest rice yield was observed in high weed density treatment followed by standard weed density of weed treatment compared to natural weed occurrence treatment. From the perspective of rice: weed competitions, generally weeds exhibited more competitive ability than rice in this interspecific competition.
Genetic diversity analysis of high yielding rice (Oryza sativa) varieties cultivated in Bangladesh
(Korean Journal of Agricultural Science, 2021) Epe, Isma Akter; Choudhury, Abul Kashem; Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque; Khatun, Asma; Aktar, Most Mohshina; Arefin, Md. Shamsul; Islam, Mohammed Aminul; Park, Kee Woong
Investigation of genetic diversity and molecular characterization in high yielding rice varieties is important for their identification. The experiment was conducted during 2016 - 2017 to analyse the genetic diversity of fifteen high yielding rice varieties in Bangladesh by using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Polymorphism was revealed in 12 RAPD primers out of 30, whereas no other reaction was detected on the remaining 18 primers. The 40 out of 45 bands (88.89%) polymorphics were produced by the primers and ranged from 50 to 100%. The maximum number of polymorphic bands was produced by the primer OPB-18 whereas the lowest number of polymorphic bands belonged to OPC-12. The genetic similarity coefficients were determined with the RAPD data, which ranged from 0.47 to 0.94. The unweighted paired group of arithmetic means (UPGMA) dendrogram presented the studied rice varieties into two major clusters. Moreover, the value of Nei’s genetic diversity is 0.26 and the Shanon information index is 0.41. The study produced distinct positions, suggesting that the genotypes were different from each other. The results indicated that these markers could be efficient for comparing the genetic relationships, patterns of variation, and measurement of genetic distance among rice varieties. Considering all of these results, RAPD analysis is found to be an effective tool for estimating the genetic diversity of different rice varieties. The outcomes of this research may contribute to the germplasm data of rice accessions and a future breeding program of rice genotypes.
Growth Competition between Rice (Oryza sativa) and Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa oryzicola) under Varying Mono-/Mixed Cropping Patterns and Air Temperatures
(mdpi, 2024) Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque; Ali, Md. Arshad; Aktar, Most Mohshina; Park, Kee Woong; Shahbaz, Muhammad; Chong, Khim Phin; Shahid, Muhammad Shafiq; Panfilova, Olga; Ondrasek, Gabrijel
Increase in the concentration of atmospheric greenhouse gases significantly contributes to global warming, representing a substantial challenge for crop production. The study was conducted to determine the growth competition between rice (Oryza sativa) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa oryzicola) under (i) different cropping patterns and (ii) elevated air temperatures in phytotrons under field condition, at two plant densities (4 and 16 plants per pot). Rice and barnyardgrass were planted with varying cropping patterns (rice: barnyardgrass mixture proportions); 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 and 0:100. Air temperatures were maintained in phytotrons as follows: Ambient– A (Control), A +0.8 ◦C, A +1.9 ◦C and A +3.4 ◦C. Plant attributes such as plant height, number of effective tillers, shoot dry weight and grain yield of rice were recorded in this study in the rice/barnyardgrass mixture proportions in the order of 100:0 > 75:25 > 50:50 > 25:75. The highest rice grain yield (37.7 g/pot) was recorded in the monoculture (100:0 rice/barnyardgrass) under ambient temperature, whereas the lowest rice grain yield (0.3 g/pot) was recorded at the 25:75 rice/barnyardgrass mixture proportion under ambient +3.4 ◦C. The increase in temperature had a significant impact on growth, number of tillers and shoot dry weight of both rice and barnyardgrass plants and followed the order of ambient +3.4 ◦C > ambient +1.9 ◦C > ambient +0.8 ◦C > ambient. However, higher temperature negatively affected the yield of rice and resulted in a substantial decrease in the grain yield. Barnyardgrass showed the highest plant characteristics when grown alongside rice compared to the growth in monoculture. This indicates that barnyardgrass was highly competitive when grown under interspecific competition compared to an intraspecific competition. In contrast, rice grew better in monoculture than in mixture with barnyardgrass
Probabilistic exposure assessment, a risk based sampling plan and food safety performance evaluation of common vegetables (tomato and brinjal) in Bangladesh
(Korean Journal of Agricultural Science, 2021) Mazumder, Mohammad Nurun-Nabi; Bo, Aung Bo; Shin, Seung Chul; Jacxsens, Liesbeth; Akter, Tahmina; Bir, Md. Shahidul Haque; Aktar, Most Mohshina; Rahman, Md. Habibur; WeiQiang, Jia; Park, Kee Woong
Along with the widespread use of pesticides in the world, concerns over human health impacts are rapidly growing. There is a large body of evidence on the relationship between the exposure to pesticides and the elevated rate of chronic diseases such as different types of cancers, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders like Parkinson, Alzheimer, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), birth defects, and reproductive disorders. This research assessed the health risk of pesticide residues by the dietary intake of vegetables collected from the agro based markets of Dhaka, Bangladesh. As some of the banned pesticides were also found in vegetable samples, they may pose a higher risk because of cheaper availability and hence the government of Bangladesh should take strong measures to control these banned pesticides. Five organo phosphorus (chlorpyrifos, parathion, ethion, acephate, fenthion) and two carbamate (carbaryl and carbofuran) pesticide residues were identified in twenty four samples of two common vegetables (tomato and brinjal). The pesticide residues ranged from below a detectable limit (< 0.01) to 0.36 mg·kg-1. Acephate, chlorpyrifos, ethion, and carbaryl were detected in only one sample, while co-occurrence occurred twice for parathion. Continuous monitoring and strict regulation should be enforced regarding the control of pesticide residues in fresh vegetables and other food commodities in Bangladesh.