Browsing by Author "Ahmed, Muniruddin"

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A Clinical Study and Future Prospects for Bioactive Compounds and Semi-Synthetic Molecules in the Therapies for Huntington’s Disease
(Springer, 2023-09-01) Islam, Md Rezaul; Jony, Maruf Hossain; Thufa, Gazi Kaifeara; Akash, Shopnil; Dhar, Puja Sutra; Rahman, Md Mominur; Afroz, Tahmina; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Rauf, Abdur; Thiruvengadam, Muthu; Venkidasamy, Baskar
A neurodegenerative disorder (ND) refers to Huntington's disease (HD) which affects memory loss, weight loss, and movement dysfunctions such as chorea and dystonia. In the striatum and brain, HD most typically impacts medium-spiny neurons. Molecular genetics, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial, and metabolic dysfunction are a few of the theories advanced to explicit the pathophysiology of neuronal damage and cell death. Numerous in-depth studies of the literature have supported the therapeutic advantages of natural products in HD experimental models and other treatment approaches. This article briefly discusses the neuroprotective impacts of natural compounds against HD models. The ability of the discovered natural compounds to suppress HD was tested using either in vitro or in vivo models. Many bioactive compounds considerably lessened the memory loss and motor coordination brought on by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Reduced lipid peroxidation, increased endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, and enhanced mitochondrial energy generation have profoundly decreased the biochemical change. It is significant since histology showed that therapy with particular natural compounds lessened damage to the striatum caused by 3-NP. Moreover, natural products displayed varying degrees of neuroprotection in preclinical HD studies because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, maintenance of mitochondrial function, activation of autophagy, and inhibition of apoptosis. This study highlighted about the importance of bioactive compounds and their semi-synthetic molecules in the treatment and prevention of HD.
An Overview of Antimicrobial Stewardship Optimization
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-20) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Tumpa, Mst. Afroza Alam; Zehravi, Mehrukh; Sarker, Md. Taslim; Yamin, Md.; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Harun-Or-Rashid, Md.; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Ramproshad, Sarker; Mondal, Banani; Dey, Abhijit; Damiri, Fouad; Berrada, Mohammed; Rahman, Md. Habibur; Cavalu, Simona
Antimicrobial s are a type of agent widely used to prevent various microbial infections in humans and animals. Antimicrobial resistance is a major cause of clinical antimicrobial therapy failure, and it has become a major public health concern around the world. Increasing the development of multiple antimicrobial s has become available for humans and animals with no appropriate guidance. As a result, inappropriate use of antimicrobial s has significantly produced antimicrobial resistance. However, an increasing number of infections such as sepsis are untreatable due to this antimicrobial resistance. In either case, life-saving drugs are rendered ineffective in most cases. The actual causes of antimicrobial resistance are complex and versatile. A lack of adequate health services, um-optimized use of antimicrobial s in humans and animals, poor water and sanitation systems, wide gaps in access and research and development in healthcare technologies, and environmental pollution have vital impacts on antimicrobial resistance. This current review will highlight the natural history and basics of the development of antimicrobial s, the relationship between antimicrobial use in humans and antimicrobial use in animals, the simplistic pathways, and mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance, and how to control the spread of this resistance.
Cholinesterase Inhibitors for Alzheimer's Disease
(Current Pharmaceutical Design, 2019) Kabir, Md Tanvir; Uddin, Md Sahab; Begum, Mst Marium; Thangapandiyan, Shanmugam; Rahman, Md Sohanur; Aleya, Lotfi; Mathew, Bijo; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Barreto, George E; Ashraf, Ghulam Md
In the brain, acetylcholine (ACh) is regarded as one of the major neurotransmitters. During the advancement of Alzheimer's disease (AD) cholinergic deficits occur and this can lead to extensive cognitive dysfunction and decline. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly feasible target for the symptomatic improvement of AD. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) remains a highly viable target for the symptomatic improvement in AD because cholinergic deficit is a consistent and early finding in AD. The treatment approach of inhibiting peripheral AChE for myasthenia gravis had effectively proven that AChE inhibition was a reachable therapeutic target. Subsequently tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine, and galantamine were developed and approved for the symptomatic treatment of AD. Since then, multiple cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) have been continued to be developed. These include newer ChEIs, naturally derived ChEIs, hybrids, and synthetic analogues. In this paper, we summarize the different types of ChEIs which are under development and their respective mechanisms of actions.
Emerging Promise of Nanoparticle-based Treatment for Parkinson’s Disease
(Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry, 2020-05-20) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Ferdous, Kazi Sayma; Ahmed, Muniruddin
Neurodegenerative disorders are consequences of the deterioration of cells and tissues with a mature undesirable way of life. The degenerative disease like Parkinson's disease (PD) influences Central nervous systems (CNS) and cardiovascular systems. In this study, we show Parkinson's disease combined with rising nanoparticles, draw hopeful methodologies for improving medication transport to the scattered CNS, and examine their suggestions for clinical practice. A search strategy was designed in order to identify articles published in the high ranking journals. All the search results from the prominent databases, namely Scopus, Springer, PubMed, Cochrane, and ScienceDirect, were collected, and all possible duplicates were discarded. The worse condition must be overcome by traditional treatment systems. Nanotechnology and nanoparticles based methodology medical transport systems could reverse the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Dopamine consumption in the striatum is the sign of PD and its creation forms. Still, the pathophysiology of the parkinsonian side effects and especially parkinsonian trembles are under discussion. Parkinson's disease alarms genuine anxiety because of its consequences for the personal satisfaction of patients and its burden to social prescriptions and treatments that have risen for the management.
Emerging Promise of Therapeutic Approaches Targeting Mitochondria in Neurodegenerative Disorders
(Emerald Publishing Limited, 2023-04-12) Rahman, Md Mominur; Tumpa, Mst Afroza Alam; Rahaman, Md Saidur; Islam, Fahadul; Islam, Fahadul; Sutradhar, Popy Rani; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Alghamdi, Badrah S.; Hafeez, Abdul; Alexiou, Athanasios; Perveen, Asma; Ashraf, Ghulam Md
Mitochondria are critical for homeostasis and metabolism in all cellular eukaryotes. Brain mitochondria are the primary source of fuel that supports many brain functions, including intracellular energy supply, cellular calcium regulation, regulation of limited cellular oxidative capacity, and control of cell death. Much evidence suggests that mitochondria play a central role in neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) such as Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Ongoing studies of NDDs have revealed that mitochondrial pathology is mainly found in inherited or irregular NDDs and is thought to be associated with the pathophysiological cycle of these disorders. Typical mitochondrial disturbances in NDDs include increased free radical production, decreased ATP synthesis, alterations in mitochondrial permeability, and mitochondrial DNA damage. The main objective of this review is to highlight the basic mitochondrial problems that occur in NDDs and discuss the use mitochondrial drugs, especially mitochondrial antioxidants, mitochondrial permeability transition blockade, and mitochondrial gene therapy, for the treatment and control of NDDs.
Estrogen Signaling in Alzheimer’s Disease
(Molecular Neurobiology, Springer, 2020-04-15) Uddin, Md. Sahab; Rahman, Md. Motiar; Jakaria, Md.; Rahman, Md. Sohanur; Hossain, Md. Sarwar; Islam, Ariful; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Mathew, Bijo; Omar, Ulfat Mohammed; Barreto, George E.; Ashraf, Ghulam Md
Estrogens play a crucial physiological function in the brain; however, debates exist concerning the role of estrogens in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Women during pre-, peri-, or menopause periods are more susceptible for developing AD, suggesting the connection of sex factors and a decreased estrogen signaling in AD pathogenesis. Yet, the underlying mechanism of estrogen-mediated neuroprotection is unclarified and is complicated by the existence of estrogen-related factors. Consequently, a deeper analysis of estrogen receptor (ER) expression and estrogen-metabolizing enzymes could interpret the importance of estrogen in age-linked cognitive alterations. Previous studies propose that hormone replacement therapy may attenuate AD onset in postmenopausal women, demonstrating that estrogen signaling is important for the development and progression of AD. For example, ERα exerts neuroprotection against AD by maintaining intracellular signaling cascades and study reported reduced expression of ERα in hippocampal neurons of AD patients. Similarly, reduced expression of ERβ in female AD patients has been associated with abnormal function in mitochondria and improved markers of oxidative stress. In this review, we discuss the critical interaction between estrogen signaling and AD. Moreover, we highlight the potential of targeting estrogen-related signaling for therapeutic intervention in AD.
Exploring the Promise of Targeting Ubiquitin-proteasome System to Combat Alzheimer’s Disease
(Neurotoxicity Research, Springer, 2020-03-19) Al Mamun, Abdullah; Uddin, Md. Sahab; Kabir, Md. Tanvir; Khanum, Sayema; Sarwar, Md. Shahid; Mathew, Bijo; Rauf, Abdur; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Md Ashraf, Ghulam
The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome system (UPS) is considered as a central protein degradation system in all eukaryotes. The UPS comprises of several factors such as Ub and Ub-like molecules, Ub hydrolases, E3 Ub ligases, and the proteasome itself. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the dysfunction of UPS plays an essential role in the pathogenesis and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Furthermore, current evidence has suggested that the UPS components can be connected with the initial stage of AD that is characterized by synaptic dysfunction, and to the late phases of AD, marked by neurodegeneration. In AD patients, the accumulations of insoluble protein in the brain can be caused by overload or dysfunction of the UPS, or by conformational alterations in the protein substrates that prevent their degradation and recognition by the UPS. Synaptic dysfunction is also caused by defective proteolysis that has found in the initial stage in AD as the UPS is widely recognized to play a pivotal role in the regular activities of synapses. Conversely, its precise cause and pathogenesis are unclear. Presently accepted medicines for AD give symptomatic relief, though they are unable to stop the progression of the disease. Besides, the components of the cellular quality control system demonstrate a significant emphasis on the advancement of targeted and effective treatments for AD. In this review, we focus on the role of UPS in the pathogenesis of AD and highlight how the UPS-linked treatments influence in the management of AD.
Exploring the Recent Trends in Management of Dementia and Frail-ty
(Daffodil International University, 2022-09-05) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Mim, Sadia Afsana; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Parvez, Anwar; Islam, Fahadul; Uddin, Mohammad Borhan; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Shuvo, Pollob Ahmed; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Greig, Nigel H.; Kamal, Mohammad Amjad
Dementia and frailty increase health adversities in older adults, which are topics of growing research interest. Frailty is considered to correspond to a biological syndrome associated with age. Frail patients may ultimately develop multiple dysfunctions across several systems, including stroke, transient ischemic attack, vascular dementia, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, frontotemporal dementia, dementia with Lewy bodies, cortico-basal degeneration, multiple system atrophy, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease. Patients with dementia and frailty often develop malnutrition and weight loss. Rigorous nutritional, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological interventions generally are required for these patients, which is a challenging issue for healthcare providers. A healthy diet and lifestyle instigated at an early age can reduce the risk of frailty and dementia. For optimal treatment, accurate diagnosis involving clinical evaluation, cognitive screening, essential laboratory evaluation, structural imaging, functional neuroimaging, and neuropsychological testing is necessary. Diagnosis procedures best apply the clinical diagnosis, identifying the cause(s) and the condition(s) appropriate for treatment. The patient's history, caregiver's interview, physical examination, cognitive evaluation, laboratory tests, and structural imaging should best be involved in the diagnostic process. Varying types of physical exercise can aid the treatment of these disorders. Nutrition maintenance is a particularly significant factor, such as exceptionally high-calorie dietary supplements and a Mediterranean diet to support weight gain. The core purpose of this article is to investigate trends in the management of dementia and frailty, focusing on improving diagnosis and treatment. Substantial evidence builds the consensus that a combination of balanced nutrition and good physical activity is an integral part of treatment. Notably, more evidence-based medicine knowledge is required.
Food Color Additives in Hazardous Consequences of Human Health: An Overview
(Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2023-02-07) Sultana, Sharifa; Rahman, Md. Mominur; Aovi, Farjana Islam; Jahan, Farhana Israt; Hossain, Md Sakhawat; Brishti, Shadia Afrin; Yamin, Md.; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Rauf, Abdur; Sharma, Rohit
Food color additives are used to make food more appetizing. The United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) permitted nine artificial colorings in foods, drugs, and cosmetics, whereas the European Union (EU) approved five artificial colors (E-104, 122, 124, 131, and 142) for food. However, these synthetic coloring materials raise various health hazards. The present review aimed to summarize the toxic effects of these coloring food additives on the brain, liver, kidney, lungs, urinary bladder, and thyroid gland. In this respect, we aimed to highlight the scientific evidence and the crucial need to assess potential health hazards of all colors used in food on human and nonhuman biota for better scrutiny. Blue 1 causes kidney tumor in mice, and there is evidence of death due to ingestion through a feeding tube. Blue 2 and Citrus Red 2 cause brain and urinary bladder tumors, respectively, whereas other coloring additives may cause different types of cancers and numerous adverse health effects. In light of this, this review focuses on the different possible adverse health effects caused by these food coloring additives, and possible ways to mitigate or avoid the damage they may cause. We hope that the data collected from in vitro or in vivo studies and from clinical investigations related to the possible health hazards of food color additives will be helpful to both researchers and the food industry in the future.
Hutchinson-Gilford Progeria Syndrome
(Scopus, 2021) Rahman, Md Mominur; Ferdous, Kazi Sayma; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Islam, Mohammad Touhidul; Khan, Md Robin; Perveen, Asma; Ashraf, Ghulam Md; Uddin, Md Sahab
Lamin A/C encoded by the LMNA gene is an essential component for maintaining the nuclear structure. Mutation in the lamin A/C leads to a group of inherited disorders is known as laminopathies. In the human body, there are several mutations in the LMNA gene that have been identified. It can affect diverse organs or tissues or can be systemic, causing different diseases. In this review, we mainly focused on one of the most severe laminopathies, Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS). HGPS is an immensely uncommon, deadly, metameric ill-timed laminopathies caused by the abnormal splicing of the LMNA gene and production of an aberrant protein known as progerin. Here, we also presented the currently available data on the molecular mechanism, pathophysiology, available treatment, and future approaches to this deadly disease. Due to the production of progerin, an abnormal protein leads to an abnormality in nuclear structure, defects in DNA repair, shortening of telomere, and impairment in gene regulation which ultimately results in aging in the early stage of life. Now some treatment options are available for this disease, but a proper understanding of the molecular mechanism of this disease will help to develop a more appropriate treatment which makes it an emerging area of research.
In Silico Investigation and Potential Therapeutic Approaches of Natural Products for COVID-19
(Daffodil International University, 2022-08-22) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Akash, Shopnil; Mim, Sadia Afsana; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Emran, Talha Bin; Akkol, Esra Küpeli; Sharma, Rohit; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Sweilam, Sherouk Hussein; Hossain, Md. Emon; Ray, Tanmay Kumar; Sultana, Sharifa; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Sobarzo-Sa´nchez, Eduardo; Wilairatana, Polrat
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has caused a substantial number of deaths around the world, making it a serious and pressing public health hazard. Phytochemicals could thus provide a rich source of potent and safer anti-SARS-CoV-2 drugs. The absence of approved treatments or vaccinations continues to be an issue, forcing the creation of new medicines. Computer-aided drug design has helped to speed up the drug research and development process by decreasing costs and time. Natural compounds like terpenoids, alkaloids, polyphenols, and flavonoid derivatives have a perfect impact against viral replication and facilitate future studies in novel drug discovery. This would be more effective if collaboration took place between governments, researchers, clinicians, and traditional medicine practitioners’ safe and effective therapeutic research. Through a computational approach, this study aims to contribute to the development of effective treatment methods by examining the mechanisms relating to the binding and subsequent inhibition of SARS-CoV-2 ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp). The in silico method has also been employed to determine the most effective drug among the mentioned compound and their aquatic, nonaquatic, and pharmacokinetics’ data have been analyzed. The highest binding energy has been reported -11.4 kcal/mol against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (7MBG) in L05. Besides, all the ligands are non-carcinogenic, excluding L04, and have good water solubility and no AMES toxicity. The discovery of preclinical drug candidate molecules and the structural elucidation of pharmacological therapeutic targets have expedited both structure-based and ligand-based drug design. This review article will assist physicians and researchers in realizing the enormous potential of computer-aided drug design in the design and discovery of therapeutic molecules, and hence in the treatment of deadly diseases.
Microbial Contamination of Fixed and Mobile Street Food Vended around the Campus of East West University in Dhaka, Bangladesh
(East West University, 1/1/2014) Islam, Sufia; Rizwan, Farhana; Nasrin, Nishat; Nahar, Lutfun; Ahmed, Muniruddin
This study was carried out to find out the presence of common enteric bacteria, such as, Shigella, Salmonella, pathogenic E. coli and Vibrio spp. in the street vended foods around the student campus of East West University (EWU) in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The study focused on the socio-economic, behavioral characteristics and practices with street foods among the students of EWU and the street food vendors around the campus. A total of 50 street food samples were randomly collected from fixed and mobile vendors around the EWU area and tested for the presence of microorganisms following conventional microbiological processes. In order to describe the characteristics and practices of students of EWU, 225 students were randomly selected and interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. Based on the availability, 150 vendors were also interviewed by using a structured questionnaire. Among 50 food samples, 46 (92%) had bacterial contamination of which, 6 samples (12%) were confirmed to contain different species of E coli and Shigella. Four types of food samples, namely shingara, cake, butter bun were found to be contaminated with Enteroaggregative E coli (EAEC) and lemon juice was contaminated with Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC). Two samples- khichuri and water collected from fixed vendor were contaminated with Shigella flexneri X-variant and Shigella flexneri 2a respectively. Among 55% students who consumed street vended foods, it has been observed that more female students (68%) consumed street foods than the male students (45%). Sixty five percent students washed hands before eating food and 56% of the students (n=207) who consumed street foods washed hands after using toilet. Fifty nine percent (n=22) of the students suffered from stomach ache and vomiting after consumption of the street vended food. About 61% vendors kept food open and 12% of them sold stale food. Nineteen percent of the vendors did not remove flies while roaming and 53% stored water in open pot. Among 150 vendors 23% were illiterate, 32% had educational status below the primary level and 45% of them had education above the primary level (5th standard). Fifty-nine percent of the vendors washed their hands after coming from the toilet and 11% washed their hands with soap before preparing food. A significant relationship has been observed between the educational status of the vendors and their hand washing practice before preparing food (p= 0.0008). There was also a significant difference between the educational status and hand washing practice of the vendors after coming from toilet (p=0.029). The present study revealed that 92% of the street vended foods around an educational institution of Dhaka city had bacterial contamination. Six types of foods (12%) were found to be contaminated with Enteroaggregative E coli (EAEC) Enterotoxigenic E coli (ETEC), Shigella flexneri X-variant and Shigella flexneri 2a which could be a potential cause for food-borne diseases. Contaminated hands of food vendors can also be potential sources of pathogen transmission during the handling of the foods
Multifaceted Role of Natural Sources for COVID-19 Pandemic As Marine Drugs
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-26) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Shohag, Sheikh; Hossain, Md. Emon; Shah, Muddaser; shuvo, Shakil khan; Khan, Hosneara; Chowdhury, Md. Arifur Rahman; Bulbul, Israt Jahan; Hossain, Md. Sarowar; Sultana, Sharifa; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan; Saleem, Ammara; Rahman, Md. Habibur
COVID-19, which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread over the world, posing a global health concern. The ongoing epidemic has necessitated the development of novel drugs and potential therapies for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Advances in vaccination and medication development, no preventative vaccinations, or viable therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been developed to date. As a result, additional research is needed in order to find a long-term solution to this devastating condition. Clinical studies are being conducted to determine the efficacy of bioactive compounds retrieved or synthesized from marine species starting material. The present study focuses on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of marine-derived phytochemicals, which has been investigated utilizing in in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models to determine their effectiveness. Marine-derived biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, lectins, polysaccharides, and lipids, can affect SARS-CoV-2 during the viral particle’s penetration and entry into the cell, replication of the viral nucleic acid, and virion release from the cell; they can also act on the host’s cellular targets. COVID-19 has been proven to be resistant to several contaminants produced from marine resources. This paper gives an overview and summary of the various marine resources as marine drugs and their potential for treating SARS-CoV-2. We discussed at numerous natural compounds as marine drugs generated from natural sources for treating COVID-19 and controlling the current pandemic scenario.
Multifunctional Therapeutic Potential of Phytocomplexes and Natural Extracts for Antimicrobial Properties
(Antibiotics, 2021) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Hossain, Md. Emon; Mithi, Faria Mannan; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Saldías, Marianela; Akkol, Esra Küpeli; Sobarzo-Sánchez, Eduardo
Natural products have been known for their antimicrobial factors since time immemorial. Infectious diseases are a worldwide burden that have been deteriorating because of the improvement of species impervious to various anti-infection agents. Hence, the distinguishing proof of antimicrobial specialists with high-power dynamic against MDR microorganisms is central to conquer this issue. Successful treatment of infection involves the improvement of new drugs or some common source of novel medications. Numerous naturally occurring antimicrobial agents can be of plant origin, animal origin, microbial origin, etc. Many plant and animal products have antimicrobial activities due to various active principles, secondary metabolites, or phytochemicals like alkaloids, tannins, terpenoids, essential oils, flavonoids, lectins, phagocytic cells, and many other organic constituents. Phytocomplexes’ antimicrobial movement frequently results from a few particles acting in cooperative energy, and the clinical impacts might be because of the direct effects against microorganisms. The restorative plants that may furnish novel medication lead the antimicrobial movement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the antimicrobial properties of the phytocomplexes and natural extracts of the plants that are ordinarily being utilized as conventional medications and then recommended the chance of utilizing them in drugs for the treatment of multiple drug-resistant disease.
Nanotechnology-based Approaches and Investigational Therapeutics Against COVID-19
(Daffodil International University, 2022-05-02) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Islam, Mohammad Touhidul; Khan, Md. Robin; Sultana, Sharifa; Maeesa, Saila Kabir; Hasan, Sakib; Hossain, Md. Abid; Ferdous, Kazi Sayma; Mathew, Bijo; Rauf, Abdur; Uddin, Md. Sahab
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the novel coronavirus responsible for the current global pandemic, which first emerged in December 2019. This coronavirus has affected 217 countries worldwide, most of which have enacted non-remedial preventive measures, such as nationwide lockdowns, work from home, travel bans, and social isolation. Pharmacists, doctors, nurses, technologists, and other healthcare professionals have played pivotal roles during this pandemic. Unfortunately, confirmed drugs have not been identified for the treatment of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARSCoV2; however, favipiravir and remdesivir have been reported as promising antiviral drugs. Some vaccines have already been developed, and vaccination is ongoing globally. Various nanotechnologies are currently being developed in many countries for preventing SARS-CoV-2 spread and treating COVID-19 infections. In this article, we present an overview of the COVID-19 pandemic situation and discuss nanotechnology-based approaches and investigational therapeutics for COVID-19.
Retraction Note: Multifaceted Role of Natural Sources for Covid-19 Pandemic as Marine Drugs (Environmental Science and Pollution Research, (2022), 29, 31, (46527-46550), 10.1007/S11356-022-20328-5)
(Springer Nature, 2024-03-14) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Shohag, Sheikh; Hossain, Md. Emon; Shah, Muddaser; Khuvo, Shakil Khan; Khan, Hosneara; Chowdhury, Md. Arifur Rahman; Bulbul, Israt Jahan; Hossain, Md. Sarowar; Sultana, Sharifa; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Akhtar, Muhammad Furqan; Saleem, Ammara; Rahman, Md. Habibur
COVID-19, which is caused by the novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has quickly spread over the world, posing a global health concern. The ongoing epidemic has necessitated the development of novel drugs and potential therapies for patients infected with SARS-CoV-2. Advances in vaccination and medication development, no preventative vaccinations, or viable therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 infection have been developed to date. As a result, additional research is needed in order to find a long-term solution to this devastating condition. Clinical studies are being conducted to determine the efficacy of bioactive compounds retrieved or synthesized from marine species starting material. The present study focuses on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential of marine-derived phytochemicals, which has been investigated utilizing in in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models to determine their effectiveness. Marine-derived biologically active substances, such as flavonoids, tannins, alkaloids, terpenoids, peptides, lectins, polysaccharides, and lipids, can affect SARS-CoV-2 during the viral particle’s penetration and entry into the cell, replication of the viral nucleic acid, and virion release from the cell; they can also act on the host’s cellular targets. COVID-19 has been proven to be resistant to several contaminants produced from marine resources. This paper gives an overview and summary of the various marine resources as marine drugs and their potential for treating SARS-CoV-2. We discussed at numerous natural compounds as marine drugs generated from natural sources for treating COVID-19 and controlling the current pandemic scenario.
Role of G-Proteins and GPCR-Mediated Signalling in Neuropathophysiology
(Bentham Science Publishers Ltd., 2023-01-15) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Mim, Sadia Afsana; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Sultana, Nasrin; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Amjad Kamal, Mohammad
G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are activated by manifold neurotransmitters, and their activation, in turn, evokes slow synaptic transmission. They are profoundly related to numerous psychiatric and neurological disorders such as schizophrenia and Parkinson's disease. The significant malady indications for GPCR modulators demonstrate a change towards obesity, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease, while other central nervous system disorders persist highly represented. GPR52, GPR6, and GPR8 are recognised as orphan GPCRs, co-exist either with both the dopamine D2 and D1 receptors in neurons of the basal ganglia or with the dopamine D2 receptor alone, and recommend that between these orphan receptors, GPR52 has the maximum potential of being a therapeutic psychiatric receptor. Genetically modified creature models and molecular biological investigations have suggested that these improved GPCRs could be potential therapeutic psychiatric receptors. In this perspective, the role of molecular targets in GPCR-mediated signalling has been discussed that would be novel drug design and discovery options for a scientist to elaborate previous knowledge with modern techniques.
Role of Phenolic Compounds in Human Disease
(MDPI, 2021-12-30) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Rahman, Firoza; Mithi, Faria Mannan; Alqahtani, Taha; Almikhlafi, Mohannad A.; Alghamdi, Samia Qasem; Alruwaili, Abdullah S.; Hossain, Md. Sohel; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Das, Rajib; Emran, Talha Bin; Uddin, Md. Sahab
Inflammation is a natural protective mechanism that occurs when the body’s tissue homeostatic mechanisms are disrupted by biotic, physical, or chemical agents. The immune response generates pro-inflammatory mediators, but excessive output, such as chronic inflammation, contributes to many persistent diseases. Some phenolic compounds work in tandem with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to inhibit pro-inflammatory mediators’ activity or gene expression, including cyclooxygenase (COX). Various phenolic compounds can also act on transcription factors, such as nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) or nuclear factor-erythroid factor 2-related factor 2 (Nrf-2), to up-or downregulate elements within the antioxidant response pathways. Phenolic compounds can inhibit enzymes associated with the development of human diseases and have been used to treat various common human ailments, including hypertension, metabolic problems, incendiary infections, and neurodegenerative diseases. The inhibition of the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) by phenolic compounds has been used to treat hypertension. The inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzyme represents a type 2 diabetes mellitus therapy, and cholinesterase inhibition has been applied to treat Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Phenolic compounds have also demonstrated anti-inflammatory properties to treat skin diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and inflammatory bowel disease. Plant extracts and phenolic compounds exert protective effects against oxidative stress and inflammation caused by airborne particulate matter, in addition to a range of anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anti-aging, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. Dietary polyphenols have been used to prevent and treat allergy-related diseases. The chemical and biological contributions of phenolic compounds to cardiovascular disease have also been described. This review summarizes the recent progress delineating the multifunctional roles of phenolic compounds, including their anti-inflammatory properties and the molecular pathways through which they exert anti-inflammatory effects on metabolic disorders. This study also discusses current issues and potential prospects for the therapeutic application of phenolic compounds to various human diseases.
Stem Cell Transplantation Therapy and Neurological Disorders
(MDPI, 2022-01-17) Rahman, Md. Mominur; Islam, Md. Rezaul; Islam, Mohammad Touhidul; Rashid, Md. Harun-Or-; Islam, Mahfuzul; Abdullah, Sabirin; Uddin, Mohammad Borhan; Das, Sumit; Rahaman, Md. Saidur; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Alhumaydhi, Fahad A.; Emran, Talha Bin; Mohamed, Amany Abdel-Rahman; Faruque, Mohammad Rashed Iqbal; Khandaker, Mayeen Uddin; -Hedeab, Gomaa Mostafa
Neurodegenerative diseases are a global health issue with inadequate therapeutic options and an inability to restore the damaged nervous system. With advances in technology, health scientists continue to identify new approaches to the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. Lost or injured neurons and glial cells can lead to the development of several neurological diseases, including Parkinson’s disease, stroke, and multiple sclerosis. In recent years, neurons and glial cells have successfully been generated from stem cells in the laboratory utilizing cell culture technologies, fueling efforts to develop stem cell-based transplantation therapies for human patients. When a stem cell divides, each new cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or differentiate into a germ cell with specialized characteristics, such as muscle cells, red blood cells, or brain cells. Although several obstacles remain before stem cells can be used for clinical applications, including some potential disadvantages that must be overcome, this cellular development represents a potential pathway through which patients may eventually achieve the ability to live more normal lives. In this review, we summarize the stem cell-based therapies that have been explored for various neurological disorders, discuss the potential advantages and drawbacks of these therapies, and examine future directions for this field.
Studies on anti-shigella activity of garlic extract and allicin in experimental shigellosis in animals and the determination of maximum tolerable single-dose of the aqueous extract in human volunteers
(1988-07-18) Chowdhury, A.K. Azad; Ahmed, Zia Uddin; Khan, A.K. Azad; Ahmed, Muniruddin