Browsing by Author "Afroz, Tahmina"

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A Clinical Study and Future Prospects for Bioactive Compounds and Semi-Synthetic Molecules in the Therapies for Huntington’s Disease
(Springer, 2023-09-01) Islam, Md Rezaul; Jony, Maruf Hossain; Thufa, Gazi Kaifeara; Akash, Shopnil; Dhar, Puja Sutra; Rahman, Md Mominur; Afroz, Tahmina; Ahmed, Muniruddin; Hemeg, Hassan A.; Rauf, Abdur; Thiruvengadam, Muthu; Venkidasamy, Baskar
A neurodegenerative disorder (ND) refers to Huntington's disease (HD) which affects memory loss, weight loss, and movement dysfunctions such as chorea and dystonia. In the striatum and brain, HD most typically impacts medium-spiny neurons. Molecular genetics, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress (OS), mitochondrial, and metabolic dysfunction are a few of the theories advanced to explicit the pathophysiology of neuronal damage and cell death. Numerous in-depth studies of the literature have supported the therapeutic advantages of natural products in HD experimental models and other treatment approaches. This article briefly discusses the neuroprotective impacts of natural compounds against HD models. The ability of the discovered natural compounds to suppress HD was tested using either in vitro or in vivo models. Many bioactive compounds considerably lessened the memory loss and motor coordination brought on by 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP). Reduced lipid peroxidation, increased endogenous enzymatic antioxidants, reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, and enhanced mitochondrial energy generation have profoundly decreased the biochemical change. It is significant since histology showed that therapy with particular natural compounds lessened damage to the striatum caused by 3-NP. Moreover, natural products displayed varying degrees of neuroprotection in preclinical HD studies because of their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, maintenance of mitochondrial function, activation of autophagy, and inhibition of apoptosis. This study highlighted about the importance of bioactive compounds and their semi-synthetic molecules in the treatment and prevention of HD.
A Ripple Effect of Covid-19 Pandemic on Shortage of Medicinal Products and Its Impact on Patient Care
(International Journal of Applied Pharmaceutics, 2021) Dey, Biplab Kumar; Myrsing, Efficiency; Amin, Ruhul; Alam, Faruk; Rahman, Mizanur; Gogoi, Pal; Afroz, Tahmina
Objective: Shortages of medicinal products are complex global problems. Drug shortages remain a significant public health issue. Global shortages of medical products have a potential effect on patient health and total healthcare costs. Countries worldwide, especially those affected by Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is experiencing a rapid increase in drug shortage, which causes several complications for physicians, health care provider, patients, health institutes and health regulatory bodies. Methods: To carry out the study of shortages, several efforts have been taken by the regulators and industries. Prominent amongst these include FDA's research the needs and the reforms made in the regulations about shortages. We also searched for electronic databases (PubMed, Science direct, Web of Science) using the terms (COVID-19 and shortage) or (medicine and COVID-19) for articles in periods of 2019 to 2021. Results: On assessment based on the report, the number of shortage drugs in 2020 is 835; Anesthesia drugs are highest during the COVID-19 outbreak data indicate the number of shortages is 143 in USA. It was found that generic products were mostly in short supply, with antimicrobial agents (63%) topping the list of therapeutic categories of medicines with interrupted supply, followed by oncology medicines (47%) and then anesthetic agents (38%) during COVID-19 pandemic. Conclusion: Many steps have been taken to reduce the impact of a shortage of health care. Agencies like the United States Food and Drug Administration (US FDA) and European Medicines Agency (EMA) has established guidelines and works with manufacturers and other partners to help prevent shortages. This article aims to the analysis the root cause of medicinal product shortages, their effects on the patient outcome, medication error, which occurs due to the substitution safe and effective therapies with alternative treatments, identify possible solutions and policies established to manage medicinal product shortages.
Engineering book Solution- An Android Application
(East West University, 12/15/2015) Rahman, Md. Anisur; Afroz, Tahmina
Modern hand held devices such as smart phones have become increasingly powerful in this era. As mobile devices become more like PCs they will come to replace objects we tend to carry around such as camera, checkbook, credit cards, mp3 player etc. In short we will be using them to accomplish our daily task. Our Engineering book Solution application takes advantage of many solutions and techniques for the android platform. This application is designed in such way that not only students use our ebooks apps but also teacher can also use our ebooks apps. They can use our apps in anywhere without carry any book. It is easy to get information from our Engineering book Solution application.
Evaluation of Ethanolic Extract of Red Seaweed(Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis) on Growth and Haematological Parameters of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromisniloticus)
(Aquaculture, Fish and Fisheries, 2024-10) Shahabuddin, A. M.; Hannan, Md. Abdul; Hossain, Md. Foysul; Hemal, Shahrear; Khanam, Runi; Afroz, Tahmina; Mustafa, Ahmed
ABSTRACT Seaweed is multicellular marine macroalgae that enhances the immunity of aquatic organisms. The study was designed to assess the ethanolic extract (EtOH) extracted from red seaweed ( Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis ) on Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) to evaluate growth, immunity and haematological parameters. The EtOH was applied with fish feed in four treatments such as T1‐control (0% EtOH), T2 (5% w/v EtOH), T3 (10% w/v EtOH) and T4 (15% w/v EtOH) each with three replicates. The initial average weight of the fish was 17.53 ± 2.1 g. Results showed that the growth increased gradually with the percentage of red seaweed extract, whereas the mean weight gain was found significantly higher in T4 (51.5 ± 4.2) than in the control. The specific growth rate (%) and survival rate (%) were found higher in T4 at the lowest FCR compared to other treatments ( p < 0.05). The blood haemoglobin level of Nile tilapia was higher in T4 (11.5 g/dL) and lowest recorded in T1 (7.5 g/dL). However, the level of blood glucose interacted inversely with blood haemoglobin. The plasma protein level was also varied among the treatments ( p > 0.05). The blood parameters, refractive index (RI) and spleen somatic index (SSI) were significantly different among the treatments. The RI of blood plasma and SSI were found to be better in T4 treatment. The research indicated that red seaweed extracts significantly enhanced the growth and boosted the immunity level of Nile tilapia.
In-vitro Study of Formulated Paracetamol Plus Caffeine Tablet with Different Brands Available in Bangladesh
(Pharmacologyonline, 2019-08-30) Rahman, Md. Mizanur; Akther, Md. Tuhin; Talukdar, Sara Jaman; Afroz, Tahmina; Azad, A.K
This study aimed to formulate paracetamol with caffeine tablets and comparing them with four local marketed paracetamol with caffeine coated tablets. Different batches numbers selected the samples randomly and the physicochemical experiments were done according to monographs. The tablets were prepared by using wet granulation method. All the coated tablets passed weight variation test as the percentage of weight variation was within USP limits of ± 5% of the average weight. The chemical assay test of all the tablets showed that none had potency less than the required specifications of USP. The in vitro dissolution test results were found within the BP recommended limits for paracetamol 500 mg & caffeine 65mg film coated tablets. The comparative in-vitro study of FP+C with four different brands showed that FP+C has almost comparable characteristics with these brands. This study also proved the physicochemical equivalency of the four different brands. If any one brand is not available in the market then other three brands can be taken in place of that unavailable brand.
Knowledge Attitude and Practice on Dengue among Households in Rural Areas [North Dharmapur, Gaibandha Bangladesh]
(Pharmacology online, 2020-12-30) Rahman, Md. Mizanur; Farhana, Masuka Mim; Majumder, Suman; Akter, Fahmida; Rajib, Md. Ariful Hossen; Haque, Md. Anamul; Afroz, Tahmina
Dengue is the most common and essential viral arthropod-borne (arboviral) infection in humans. Throughout recent decades, the dengue rate has increased significantly. So far this year, the number of dengue-recognized patients across Bangladesh is almost double than the total diagnosed with mosquito-borne disease reported over the past 19 years. Dengue increase in rural Bangladesh stirs concerns about the cycle of outbreaks. A cross-sectional community based survey was conducted from September to October 2019 among 100 individuals belonging to the selected village in rural Gaibandha. A formal questionnaire was used to compile data on awareness, behavior, source of information, and dengue training. Adequacy of information and behavior with a confidence interval of 95 percent was summarized as a proportion. A sample of 100 people (males 42 and females 58) were interviewed at the mean age of 35.3 years. 23% were illiterate, while 32% were university graduates. 65% of respondents knew mosquito as their vector, 89% identified clear stagnant water as their dumping ground. Fever was identified as a symptom by 100%. 37% felt dengue fever may not be cured and 76%-felt dengue fever arises during the rainy seasons. 93 % had a positive attitude towards consulting a doctor for the disease. The bulk of the data was through television, social networking sites supplemented by radio and magazines, and only 3% was through health workers. The current study observed that awareness of dengue and mosquito control measures was satisfactory to a significant extent. As a consequence, large-scale information, education and communication campaigns are needed at frequent intervals for the rural population.
Nitrative DNA Damage in Lung Epithelial Cells Exposed to Indium Nanoparticles and Indium Ions
(Scientific Reports, 2020-07-01) Ahmed, Sharif; Kobayashi, Hatasu; Afroz, Tahmina; Ma, Ning; Oikawa, Shinji; Kawanishi, Shosuke; Murata, Mariko; Hiraku, Yusuke
Indium compounds have been widely used in manufacturing displays of mobile phones, computers and televisions. However, inhalation exposure to indium compounds causes interstitial pneumonia in exposed workers and lung cancer in experimental animals. 8-Nitroguanine (8-nitroG) is a mutagenic DNA lesion formed under inflammatory conditions and may participate in indium-induced carcinogenesis. In this study, we examined 8-nitroG formation in A549 cultured human lung epithelial cells treated with indium compounds, including nanoparticles of indium oxide (In2O3) and indium-tin oxide (ITO), and indium chloride (InCl3). We performed fluorescent immunocytochemistry to examine 8-nitroG formation in indium-exposed A549 cells. All indium compounds significantly increased 8-nitroG formation in A549 cells at 5 ng/ml after 4 h incubation. 8-NitroG formation was largely reduced by 1400 W, methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MBCD) and monodansylcadaverine (MDC), suggesting the involvement of nitric oxide synthase and endocytosis. 8-NitroG formation in A549 cells was also largely suppressed by small interfering RNA (siRNA) for high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), receptor for advanced glycation and end products (AGER, RAGE) and Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9). These results suggest that indium compounds induce inflammation-mediated DNA damage in lung epithelial cells via the HMGB1-RAGE-TLR9 pathway. This mechanism may contribute to indium-induced genotoxicity in the respiratory system.
Phytochemical Screening and Pharmacological Studies of Methanol Extract of Polyalthia Suberosa Roxb
(Pharmacologyonline, 2019-04-30) Afroz, Tahmina; Hasan, Md. Imran; Kafi, Md. Abdul Lahil; Azad, A.K; Rahman, Md. Mominur; Akter, Aklima; Rahman, Md. Mizanur
The aim of the study was to find out the phytochemical evaluation, antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activity from the leaves of the methanolic extract of the plant of Polyalthia suberosa Roxb. Phytochemical analysis of Polyalthia suberosa Roxb displayed the presence of alkaloids, saponins and tannin types of compounds. The anti-oxidative effect was evaluated using DPPH free radical scavenging activity method. The methanolic extract of Polyalthia suberosa Roxb. leaves is found to have antioxidant activity that will be the IC50 value of standard ascorbic acid for DPPH was 1.85 µg/ml and methanol extract of Polyalthia suberosa Roxb was 8.48 µg /ml. The methanol crude extract of Polyalthia suberosa shows moderate cytotoxic activity against the brine shrimp nauplii. The LC50 value of methanol extract was 0.3119 mg/mL compared with the LC50 value of standard (0.0171 mg/mL). Addition of 100 μl SK, a positive control (30,000 IU), to the clots and subsequent incubation for 90 minutes at 37 °C, showed 88.49% lysis of clot. On the other hand, distilled water was treated as negative control which exhibited a negligible percentage of lysis of clot 10.44%. The results indicated that the extract has moderate antioxidant, cytotoxic and thrombolytic activities.