Browsing by Author "AKTER, SHARMIN"

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ADOPTION OF WHEAT CULTIVATION TECHNOLOGIES BY THE FARMERS IN GANGNI UPAZILA OF MEHERPUR DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION & INFORMATION SYSTEM, 2022) AKTER, SHARMIN
In Bangladesh wheat is the second important cereal crop next to rice and has achieved a remarkable progress in increasing wheat cultivation and productivity over the last 30 years but there is a lack of information about farmers’ adoption of wheat cultivation technologies which may help to increase overall wheat production. Therefore this study was carried out to describe some selected characteristics of the wheat farmers, to measure the extent of adoption of wheat cultivation technologies under the studied area, to estimate the contribution of some selected characteristics of farmers to adoption of wheat cultivation technologies. The study was conducted in Gangni Upazila of Meherpur District. Four villages were selected purposively. The number of wheat grower families of these villages were 2916. Among them, 120 respondents were selected randomly. From the findings it was revealed that Education, Annual income, Training and Extension media contact of the farmers had significant positive contribution to the adoption of wheat cultivation technologies. 19.17% of farmers were belonged to low adoption category, 55.83% farmers were belonged to medium adoption category, 25% farmers are belonged to high adoption category. All the sample farmers were more or less involved in adopting wheat cultivation technologies yet their extent of adoption of wheat cultivation technologies was not satisfactory. It was concluded that adoption of wheat cultivation technologies can be increased through increasing education, family income, training and extension media contact. Therefore, it may be recommended that necessary steps should be taken by the concern authority to increase the adoption of wheat cultivation technologies in the study area considering these variables.
AN ANALYSIS ON FOREIGN EXCHANGE OPERATIONS OF JANATA BANK LIMITED: A STUDY ON SHER-E-BANGLA NAGAR CORPORATE BRANCH, DHAKA
(DEPT. OF AGRIBUSINESS AND MARKETING, 2015) AKTER, SHARMIN
As the MBA program is a terminal degree, it is required to have an internship program for a period of three months on a reputable organization where I can gain practical experiences what I learned at my theoretical classes. I was keen to have my internship program at banking sector that is why I joined Janata Bank Ltd, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Branch, Dhaka as an internee for three months. They give me the opportunity to gain practical knowledge. Banking sector now-a-days plays an important role to the economy of a country, especially developing country like Bangladesh. Janata Bank Limited is one of the largest commercial bank of Bangladesh. The main objective of the bank is to provide all of banking services at the doorsteps of the people. The bank also participates in various social and development programs and takes part in implementation of various policies and promises made by the Government. Janata bank Limited plays a pioneering role in handling foreign exchange transactions. With wide network of branches at home and abroad, the bank maintains the largest volume of export-import business including home bound remittances. This internship report is aimed at providing comprehensive pictures to the areas of “Foreign Exchange Operations” of Janata Bank Limited and a pinpoint analysis of the operations and performances of the bank, also recommending for possible solution of problems. This report consists of seventh chapters. The first chapter deals with introduction of report, essential of the study. The second chapter deals with methodology. In this research simple random sampling method was used to select the sample respondents. The third chapter deals with organization profile. The fourth contains an overview of foreign exchange operations of Janata bank limited, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar Corporate Branch, Dhaka. The fifth chapter deals with analysis of the study. The sixth chapter deals with strength, weakness, opportunity, and threat of Janata bank limited in banking sector. The seventh chapter contains summary of findings, conclusion, and recommendations. From my overall study it is concluded that, for the growth of foreign exchange business of this branch should increase export business and heir more talented manpower, also should search for potential clients
EFFECT OF GAMMA IRRADIATION AND BIOPRESERVATIVE ON QUALITY OF TOMATO
(DEPARTMENT OF HORTICULTURE, 2020) AKTER, SHARMIN
Tomato is one of the most economically important fruit vegetable facing greater problems in storage because of its perishable nature and reduction of quality. The irradiation technology plays an important role in controlling the food spoilage by microorganism, and also enhances the shelf life. The irradiation treatment was carried out at Institute of Food and Radiation Biology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Research Establishment, Ganakbari, Savar, Dhaka, while the parameters were studied at Postharvest Laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University. Tomatoes were treated with gamma irradiation of different doses i.e. Ra 0 : 0.00 kGy, Ra 1 : 0.25 kGy, Ra 2 ii : 0.50 kGy, Ra 3 : 0.75 kGy, Ra 4 : 1.00 kGy. Three different concentrations of aloe vera gel e.g. A0: control, A1: 50% aloe vera gel, A2: 100% aloe vera gel were used in this present study. Results revealed that 0.75 kGy irradiated fruits reduced percentage of weight loss, disease severity, delay ripening, prevented moisture loss (%) and maintained better quality in terms of titratable acidity (TA), total soluble solids (TSS), p H , lycopene, ascorbic acid content, β-carotene content, and prolonged shelf life compared to other gamma irradiation treatment. Aloe-vera gel also increase the shelf life of tomato and maintain better quality as irradiation. Significant variations were found in both shelf life and quality of tomato in Ra3A2 (100% aloe vera gel+ 0.75 kGy irradiation). The highest shelf life was 18 days where the lowest value were observed from control treatment. From this experiment it can be concluded that effect of 0.75 kGy radiation and 100% aloe vera gel coating is very much suitable for higher shelf life of tomato
EFFECT OF POULTRY LITTER COMPOST ON THE GROWTH AND YIELD OF TOMATO UNDER MANGO BASED AGROFROESTRY SYSTEM
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR-5200, BANGLADESH, 2024-06) AKTER, SHARMIN; Rahman, Prof. Dr. Md. Shoaibur; Hanif, Prof. Dr. Md. Abu
A field experiment was conducted at the research field of the Department of Agroforestry and Environment, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, from January 2024 to April 2024 to evaluate the impact of poultry litter compost on the growth and yield of tomato production under mango-based agroforestry system. The experiment was designed as Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three replications and four treatments of poultry litter at 10 ton/ha, 7.5 ton/ha, 5 ton/ha, and a control with no poultry litter. Each of the 12 plots measured 2m x 2m. Healthy 25-day-old tomato seedlings were collected from the Nursery of Krishi Bazar, Rangpur and transplanted in the present research field on January 20, 2024. Data on various growth and yield parameters were collected at 15, 30, and 45 days after transplanting (DAT), including plant height, number of leaves, leaf dimensions, number of branches, days to 50% flowering and fruiting, chlorophyll content, soil parameters, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit diameter, number of fruits per plant, yield per plant, plot, and hectare, and Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR). The data were analyzed using ANOVA and mean differences were evaluated by Tukey HSD test by the statistical software STATIX 10. Results indicated that the tallest plants and highest leaf numbers were observed in the 10 ton/ha poultry litter treatment across all stages. Leaf dimensions were greatest in the 7.5 ton/ha treatment. The highest yields per plot and hectare were achieved with 10 ton/ha poultry litter, with a maximum yield of 5562.5 kg/ha. The best fruit quality, in terms of weight, length, and diameter, was found in the 7.5 t/ha treatment. The highest chlorophyll and carotene contents were in the 5 ton/ha treatment. Soil parameters improved post-harvest in all poultry litter treatments, with the most significant improvements in the 10 ton/ha treatment. The highest BCR (4.85) was recorded for the 10 ton/ha treatment, while the lowest (2.45) was in the control. In conclusion, the application of 10 ton/ha poultry litter is recommended for maximizing tomato yield and economic returns under mango-based agroforestry system. For enhanced fruit quality, 7.5 ton/ha poultry litter is advised. This study demonstrates the benefits of using poultry litter to improve tomato production in agroforestry systems.
EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT ECO-FRIENDLY MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AGAINST FRUIT FLY OF BOTTLE GOURD
(DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY, 2022) AKTER, SHARMIN
The study was conducted in the experimental field of Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University , Dhaka during the period from October, 2021 to April, 2022 to find out the evaluation of different eco-friendly management practices against fruit fly of bottle gourd . The experiment was laid out in a Randomized Complete Block Design replicated with three replications. In this study, treatments T 1 ii = Using pheromone trap; T 2 = Using bait trap with banana mashed at 5 days interval; T 3 = Using bait trap with sweet gourd mashed at 5 days interval; T 4 = Using pheromone trap + Using bait trap with banana mashed at 5 days interval; T 5 = Using pheromone trap + Using bait trap with sweet gourd mashed at 5 days interval; and T 6 = Untreated control where nothing were applied. T 5 showed the best performance in terms of number of fruit fly (4.09 adult) captured, percent reduction of fruit infestation by number over control at early (84.50%), mid (77.68%) and late (76.57%) fruiting stages; percent reduction of fruit infestation by weight over control at early (75.43%), mid (72.05%) and late (64.17%) fruiting stages; fruit length (54.87cm), fruit girth (24.37cm), single fruit weight (2.59kg) and yield (71.37t/ha) . The overall study revealed that, the most significant performance was achieved from T 5 treatment (Using pheromone trap + Using bait trap with sweet gourd mashed at 5 days interval) which contributed to highest control of cucurbit fruit fly as well as the maximum increase of healthy fruit length, girth and the yield.
FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR THE REPRODUCTIVE NORMS OF MANIPURI AND KHASIA COMMUNITY IN BANGLADESH
(Dept. of Agricultural Statistics, 2016-12) AKTER, SHARMIN
The study is an attempt to examine the reproductive norms of Manipuri and Khasia community in Bangladesh A sample of 113 (82 Manipuri & 31 Khasia) ever-married 15-49 aged ethnic female were selected purposively from Sylhet district. The information was recorded in a prestructured questionnaire. Simple descriptive analysis, Cross tabulation, Chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis were performed for analyzing data. The current use of contraception was much higher (68%) among the Manipuri women than that from National level (62%) but the khasis current contraception was lower (58%) with respect to both National level and Manipuri women. In bi-variate analysis the chi-square test revealed five factors i.e., having children or not, number of children, Electronic devices, each outcome pregnancies from the very first and age at first marriage were significantly associated with the dependent variable contraceptive use. A binary logistic regression model was employed to identify the influence of different demographic and socio-economic characteristics on contraceptive use. Among all the important independent variables only one independent variable had significant effects on contraceptive use. Because these ethnic groups are highly motivated to keep the family size small from generation to generation as whether a respondent is literate or illiterate, rich or poor or in any other aspects. Finally, this study suggested some policy recommendations but among them specifically emphasized the active roles of their representative leaders for the development of their reproductive norms along with their socio-economic conditions.
FARMERS’ INNOVATIVENESS ON MODERN AGRICULTURAL MACHINERY IN NILPHAMARI SADAR UPAZILA
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION & INFORMATION SYSTEM, 2022) AKTER, SHARMIN
It is indeed true that agricultural mechanization is changing the face of farming across the world. Bangladesh is an agriculture based country. Mechanization is also upgrading the agriculture sector. Most of the people of our country is related with agriculture. But due to low knowledge on agricultural operation or modern agricultural machineries operation the farmer faced huge loss on crop production. That’s why the modern agricultural machineries need in agriculture sector to increase crop production. The main goal of the study was to evaluate the extent of innovativeness of the farmers on modern agricultural machinery. The study was conducted in the Nilphamari district’s Tupamari union of the sadar upazilla. From a revised list of 1021 farmers, 101 farmers were chosen as the sample. Between December 14, 2022 and January 15, 2023, data were gathered using pretested interview schedule. In order to obtain information simple and direct questions with different scales were used. In order to quantify innovativeness, a 5-point rating scale was constructed. Co-efficient of correlation(r) was computed to explore the relationship between the nine characteristics of the farmers and their innovativeness on modern agricultural machinery. Among nine characteristics Farm size, area under mechanization, annual family income, extension media contact had significant positive relationship with innovativeness on modern agricultural machinery. Age, education, family size, organizational participation however, did not significantly influence one another. About 6.9 percent and 12.9 percent farmers who had high and low high innovativeness on modern machineries, other hand 80.2 percent had medium innovativeness.
FINANCIAL PROFITABILITY ANALYSIS OF GERBERA FLOWER CULTIVATION IN SOME SELECTED AREAS OF JASHORE DISTRICT
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS, 2021) AKTER, SHARMIN
Farmers are now profiting from Gerbera cultivation, but socioeconomic data and information about this flower are scarce in Bangladesh. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the relative profitability, factors affecting gerbera cultivation, problems faced by the farmers in December 2020. The study area was chosen purposively, the two villages (Gadkhali and Panisara) at Jhikargachha upazila, under Jashore district. The use of both purposeful and simple random sampling technique were considered. A total of 100 gerbera growers were chosen at random for this study. The data in this study was analyzed using both descriptive and statistical tools (Excel, SPSS, and STATA). After analyzing the data per hectare total cost, gross return, gross margin and net return were Tk. 552847, Tk. 1920042, Tk. 904168 and Tk. 1367195 respectively. Gerbera production was highly profitable in the study area. The benefit cost ratios was 3.47. Human labor, seedling, urea, zinc sulphate and irrigation in the gerbera production were significant in explaining the yield (stick per ha) except the insignificant effects of organic manure, TSP and insecticides. The coefficient with expected sign indicated that the selected inputs contribute positively to the yield. Returns to scale was 0.97. From the problem confrontation index it was found that 98 percent of the farmers confronted natural calamities as 1 st ranked and 86 percent confronted huge investment in production as 2 nd ranked problem. Lack of technical knowledge, lack of cold storage, unavailability of indigenous production materials and inadequate credit facilities were major issues in gerbera cultivation. The government should take the necessary measures to address these issues. Therefore, it is needed to emphasis dissemination activities of technologies (varietal, production etc.) and government support to encourage the farmer in Gerbera cultivation.
INFLUENCE OF ORGANIC MANURE, PHOSPHORUS - POTASSIUM ON GROWTH, YIELD AND SEED QUALITY OF BLACKGRAM
(INSTITUTE OF SEED TECHNOLOGY, 2021) AKTER, SHARMIN
A pot experiment was conducted at the net house of the Department of Agronomy, Sher-eBangla Agricultural University, Dhaka during the period from April 2019 to August 2019 to investigate the growth, yield performance and seed quality of blackgram as influenced of organic manure, phosphorous and potassium. The experiment was laid out in two factors following Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three replications. Factor A: Organic manure-3; viz. OM 0 = Control, OM 1 = Cowdung, OM 2 = poultry litter and Factor B: Chemical fertilizer-4; viz. F 0 = Control, F 1 = Recommended dose of chemical fertilizer, F 2 = 25% higher recommended dose of P+K fertilizer, F 3 = 50% higher recommended dose of P+K fertilizer. The rate of urea-40kgha -1 , TSP-70 kgha -1 and mop-35 kgha -1 and the rate of cowdung and poultry litter were 10 and 5 t ha -1 respectively.The resuls revealed that effect of poultry litter (OM 2 ) showed its superiority by producing highest yield (1419.5 kg ha -1 ), which may be attributed to higher blackgram pods plant -1 (23.81), seeds pod -1 (5.49), seed weight plant (3.89), weight of 1000 seed (39.83 g) as well as highest pod length (5.11 cm), pod diameter (5.21 dm), plant height (49.68 cm), branches plant -1 (7.35) and dry weight plant (36.94 g) in this treatment. On the other hand, 50% higher recommended dose of P+K fertilizer seems promising in blackgram cultivation as this treatment (F 3 ) gave the highest seed yield (1372.6 kg ha -1 ) along with highest pod length (5.08 cm), pod diameter (5.19 dm), pods plant (25.15), seeds pod -1 (5.44), seed weight plant -1 (4.09 g) and 1000 seed weight (39.49 g). Among the interactions, OM 2 F 3 out yielded by producing highest yield (1529.4 kg ha ) than other interactions. This interactions also produced the tallest plant (53.17 cm), highest number of branches plant -1 (7.75) maximum dry weight plant -1 (40.51 g), pod length (5.4 cm), pod diameter (5.43 mm), pods plant -1 (29.65), seeds pod (4.95g), 1000 seed weight (44.15 g), seed yield (1529.4 kg ha -1 -1 -1 -1 (5.76), seed weight plant ), strover yield (1759.4 kg ha ), biological yield (3288.8 kg ha -1 ), harvest index (46.60%), germination percentage (96.83%), seedling length (23.053cm), seedling dry weight (0.038 g) and lowest EC test value (1621.1 mS cm -1 ). The study clearly indicated that poultry litter as organic manure and 50% higher recommended doses of P+K fertilizer and their interaction seem promising for producing maximum seed yield and the best quality seed of Blackgram.
INFLUENCE OF PRESERVATIVE SOLUTIONS ON VASE LIFE AND QUALITY OF ROSE cv. LINCOLN
(HAJEE MOHAMMAD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR., 2017-12) AKTER, SHARMIN; Professor Dr. Shreef Mahmood
An experiment was conducted at the laboratory of Department of Horticulture, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur during the period of 29th November to 14th December, 2016. The main objective of this research is to increase the vase life and quality of cut roses by using different preservative solutions. The single factor experiment was laid out in a completely randomized design with five replications. In the experiment, flowers were kept in four preservative solutions viz., T1= water (control), T2= sucrose (2%), T3= 8-hydroxyquinoline sulphate (200 ppm) T4= silver nitrate (150 ppm). Flowers were monitored over a period of 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 days of storage. Parameters studied in the experiment include: flower head diameter, solution uptake, transpiration loss, TSS, relative fresh weight, petal fresh weight (g), petal dry weight (g), petal wilting, petal discoloration, petal blackening, bent neck, solution turbidity, and vase life. In all cases, rapid loss of weight was recorded in the flowers kept in water (control) and within 7 DAPs all the flowers wilted. In contrary, flowers kept in different preservatives remained fresh upto 9 DAPs maintaining good solution uptake and transpiration loss. Solution uptake, relative fresh weight, percent dry weight of flower was maximum with the solution of AgNO3 than those kept in other preserving solutions. Different quality parameters like petal wilting, petal discoloration, petal blackening and bent neck were also significantly minimum in cut roses preserved in AgNO3 solution followed by 8-HQS, sucrose and control, respectively in different DAPs. Overall, flowers kept in AgNO3 solutions showed better postharvest quality and maximum vase life (16.6 days) than other preservatives.
MOLLIFICATION OF CADMIUM TOXICITY IN POTATO TUBER GROWING IN TREATED SOIL BY USING MORINGA SEED EXTRACT AND SILICON
(DEPARTMENT OF AGRONOMY, 2020) AKTER, SHARMIN
A pot experiment was conducted at the Agronomy research field, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka from November 2018 to February 2019, to mollify the toxic effect of Cd on potato : Control soil, M 2 : 6% solution in 50 ml water kg -1 -1 soil soil and M soil; Factor B :Levels of Si as Sodium Silicate x 1 : 3% solution in 50 ml water kg 3 : 9% solution in 50 ml water kg 0 : Control soil 1 : 100 mg kg -1 soil, Si 2 : 200 mg kg -1 soil and Si 3 : 300 mg kg -1 soil. The result revealed that all growth and yield contributing parameters positively responded with increasing MSE levels except days to emergence and days to maturity. Quality parameters like tuber peel and flesh also increased gradually with the increasing levels of this treatment. The effect of Si levels were also significant on growth, yield and quality contributing parameters viz., quality of potato peel and flesh, dry matter content, specific gravity of tuber were increased gradually. Yield of potato increased with increasing Si levels. Cd content of potato tuber flesh and peel gradually decreased with increasing both MSE and Si levels. M 3 3 -1 soil 0 produced highest yield -1 - 1 dry wt. of peel -1 Cd contaminated soil treated with 9% solution of MSE with 300 mgkg -1 soil Sodium Silicate
MORPHOLOGICAL AND MOLECULAR CHARACTERIZATION OF Magnaporthe oryzae CAUSING RICE BLAST AND ITS REACTION TO RESISTANT ADVANCED BREEDING LINES
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) AKTER, SHARMIN
Experiments were conducted for identification and characterization to study pathogenic variation among Magnaporthe oryzae isolates. Eight blast resistant advanced lines of rice developed by BRRI were tested phenotypically and at molecular level for the presence of Pi9 gene and their yield and yield attributes were studied. The experiments were carried out at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). The three isolates of Gazipur, Rangpur and Khulna were morphologically confirmed on the basis of three celled (2 septate) and pyriform hyaline conidia. Cultural characteristics on PDA, PSA and OMA media and mycelial growth as well as sporulation of the isolates were considered for determination of morphological variation. Cultural characteristics of three isolates showed different color (olivaceous, brownish or greyish to black), margin (filamentous, entire or undulate), surface texture (velvety or wrinkled) and colony form (regular or irregular) but same in case of elevation (flat) in different media. Sporulation of Khulna isolate was higher compared to others. Molecular detection of M. oryzae was confirmed using four specific primers namely; Bt1a/Bt1b, CAL-228/CAL-737, ACT-512/ACT-783, ITS1/ITS4 by amplifying fungal targeted region; beta tubulin (515 bp), calmodulin (510 bp), actin (260 bp), Internal Transcribed Spacer (520 bp), respectively in expected position. Eight Pi9 gene introgressed blast resistant lines were evaluated along with donor parent (IRBL9-W) as resistant check and recurrent parent (BRRI dhan28) as susceptible check variety. Phenotypic reaction for blast resistance indicated that six lines (PL-6, PL-17, PL-21, PL22, PL-26, PL-35) showed resistant reaction (score 0-2) and only one line (PL-34) showed susceptible reaction (score 4). BRRI dhan28 gave average score 3.75 (highest score 5) which was susceptible and IRBL9-W gave average score 0.5 (highest score 1) which was resistant to blast. These resistant lines were amplified with two linked markers RM8225 (172 bp) and NMSMPi9-1(168 bp) and all the phenotypically resistant lines gave the band at similar position with the linked markers. PL-21 gave maximum yield (4.47 t/ha) among the tested lines which was similar to BRRI dhan28 (4.94 t/ha). Therefore, it could be concluded that except PL-34, all the developed lines have Pi9 gene and resistant to rice blast disease. The line PL-21 could be advanced for releasing as variety.
MORPHOLOGICAL, CULTURAL AND MOLECULAR VARIATION AND VIRULENCE OF BIPOLARIS SOROKINIANA IN WHEAT
(DEPARTMENT OF PLANT PATHOLOGY, 2020) AKTER, SHARMIN
Monoconidial one hundred and twenty isolates of Bipolaris sorokiniana of wheat were isolated and identified based on morphological and ITS1 and ITS4 based molecular parameters. These isolates were isolated from seeds and leaf of 7 varieties of wheat collected from 7 major wheat growing regions of Bangladesh. The collected isolates differed significantly in respect of radial mycelial growth rate, color of colony, surface texture of colony, shape of colony, number of conidia production, shape and color of conidia etc. The mycelial growth rate was recorded from the range of 1.39 (MMPS 66) to 4.46 mm/day (JSBS 88). Maximum (73) isolates had blackish white colored colonies. Forty-two isolates had blackish colored colonies and five isolates had whitish colored colonies. Among 120 isolates, 65 isolates produced regular shaped colonies and 55 isolates had irregular shaped colonies. One hundred twenty isolates showed smoothy and wooly surface texture of colony and 18 isolates showed effuse and rough surface texture of colony. Among 120 isolates, maximum number of conidia/cm² was counted in isolates no BAKS 11 which was 416.17×10 and minimum number of conidia/cm² was 89.6×10 ii 4 found in isolates no JSBS 88. Among these isolates, 92 isolates produced brown colored conidia and 17 isolates produced deep brown colored conidia and 11 isolates produced light brown colored conidia. Among 120 isolates, the septation of conidia ranged from 1.4 to 8.6. The isolates were grouped into five groups based on their conidial shape where 57 isolates produced elliptical and straight conidia with 47.50% frequency, 13 isolates produced elliptical and curved shaped conidia with 10.83% frequency, 28 isolates produced oval shaped conidia with 23.33% frequency, 5 isolates produced round shaped conidia with 4.17% frequency and 17 isolates produced pyriform shaped conidia with 14.16% frequency. Again the isolates were grouped into twelve cultural groups based on colony morphology and surface texture of the colony. Among these cultural groups, smoothy and wooly blackish white irregular groups contain the highest number of isolates and that was 39 isolates with 32.5% frequency of the total isolates studied. The different cultural groups of Bipolaris sorokiniana showed different characteristics based on mycelial growth rate, conidia production and septation number. The radial mycelial growth rate differed from 2.67 mm/day to 4.50 mm/day. The highest growth rate counted from the group number G-12 and the lowest growth rate counted from the group number G-7. Maximum number of conidia/cm² was recorded from the group number G-7 and that was 248.93×10 4 and the minimum number of conidia/cm² was recorded from group G-12. The highest septation (7.1) was found in group G-11 and the lowest (2.44) was found in group G-1. Among these 12 groups, effuse and rough blackish irregular group (G-8) was most virulent (38.5% LAD) and effuse and rough blackish white irregular group (G-4) was low virulent group among 12 groups (2% LAD).
PREVALENCE AND DETERMINANTS OF BOVINE ANAPLASMOSIS IN SYLHET DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH
(Dept. of Epidemiology and Public Health, 2015-12) AKTER, SHARMIN
Bovine anaplasmosis is endemic and occurs in cattle of several areas of Bangladesh including Sylhet. However, epidemiological parameters of this disease have not been explored extensively. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence and to identify the determinants of bovine anaplasmosis in cattle of Sylhet district by microscopic examination of Giemsa stained thin blood smears. Blood samples were collected from randomly selected 409 cattle of 64 cattle farms from 12 upazilas of Sylhet district during an eight-month period starting from October, 2014 through May, 2015. Animal and farm level information were collected from farmer’s record books and by interviewing farm owners or managers. Prevalences were calculated as a proportion of infected cattle/farms in total number of cattle/farms tested. Multivariable logistic regression was used to identify the determinants of bovine anaplasmosis. Overall animal level prevalence was 22.74%. The highest prevalence was in Jaintapur (50%) and the lowest in Golapganj (3.70%) upazila. Two species of Anaplasma namely Anaplasma marginale and Anaplasma centrale were identified in the study area. Anaplasma marginale was the most prevalent (12.71%) species causing infection in cattle followed by A. centrale (6.60%) and Mixed (3.42%), respectively. Farm level prevalence was 74.67%. Odd of overall bovine anaplasmosis was higher in local indigenous cattle than crossbred (Odds Ratio (OR) =1.98). Cattle from nonintensive had higher odd of being infected with Anaplasma marginale than intensively raised cattle (OR=1.64). Housing system was also a determinant for overall farm level anaplasmosis. The results of this study indicates that exposure of cattle to Anaplasma organism is common in Sylhet and findings of this study can be used for planning adoptive surveillance and control measures for bovine anaplasmosis. However, there is still a need for further investigations using advanced serological and molecular techniques to explore other epidemiological indices like host and vector range, spread, spatial and temporal trends etc.
SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF EGG PARASITOIDS AND PARASITISM OF OOENCYRTUS SP. ON RIPTORTUS PEDESTRIS (HEMIPTERA: ALYDIDAE) EGGS
(HAJEE MOHAMMOD DANESH SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITY, DINAJPUR, 2019-12) AKTER, SHARMIN; Prof. Dr. Md. Abdul Alim
Riptortus pedestris (Hemiptera: Alydidae) is one of the most important pests of various crop plants in Korea and Japan and a newly introduced pest of various leguminous crops in Bangladesh. In this study, the seasonal abundance of R. pedestris and its egg parasitoids were observed in three different locations in Dinajpur and biological attributes of Ooencyrtus sp. (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) were studied in laboratory condition. Eggs, nymphs and adults of R. pedestris were observed in three different study locations. R. pedestris were captured by aggregation pheromone traps during the study period. Gregarious parasitoids, Ooencyrtus sp. and solitary Gryon nigricorne (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) emerged from natural eggs. Ooencyrtus sp. and G. nigricornewere observed during the whole study time. Ooencyrtus sp. displayed drumming, drilling, feeding and oviposition behaviors and increased time spent in newly emerged fresh host eggs and decreased when the host eggs age was increased. Ooencyrtus sp. can successfully parasitize fresh host eggs and up to 48 hours and produced 22 parasitoids /female within 24 hours. The fresh host eggs of 96-hour, parasitism decreased by approximately 29% compared to the control. Emergence rate and sex ratio were not affected by the age of fresh host eggs. No eggs were hatched after 30 days of refrigeration. In addition, none of the attributes of Ooencyrtus sp. was negatively affected by host eggs refrigerated up to 30 days. Refrigeration of host eggs was not affected in emergence rate and sex ratio of this gregarious egg parasitoid. Therefore, fresh and refrigerated eggs of R. pedestris can be successfully parasitized by Ooencyrtus sp. and refrigeration of host eggs can be a good alternative for the mass rearing of Ooencyrtus sp.